MDEV-21104 Wrong result (extra rows and wrong values) with incremental BNLH

This bug could affect multi-way join queries with embedded outer joins that
contained a conjunctive IS NULL predicate over a non-nullable column from
inner table of an outer join. The predicate could occur in WHERE condition
or in ON condition. Due to this bug a wrong result set could be returned by
the query. The bug manifested itself only when join buffers were employed
for join operations.

The problem appeared because
- a bug in the function JOIN_CACHE::get_match_flag_by_pos that not always
  returned proper match flags for embedding outer joins stored together
  with table rows put a join buffer.
- bug in the function JOIN_CACHE::join_matching_records that not always
  correctly determined that a row from the buffer could be skipped due
  to applied 'not_exists' optimization.
Example:
  SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ((t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d) JOIN t4) ON b = e
    WHERE e IS NULL;

The patch introduces a new function that finds the match flag for a record
from join buffer specifying the buffer where this flag has to be found.
The function is called JOIN_CACHE::get_match_flag_by_pos_from_join_buffer().
Now this function rather than JOIN_CACHE::get_match_flag_by_pos() is used
in JOIN_CACHE::skip_if_matched() to check whether a record from the join
buffer must be ignored when extending the record by null complements.
Also the code of the function JOIN_CACHE::skip_if_not_needed_match() has
been changed. The function checks whether a record from the join buffer
still may produce some useful extensions.
Also some clarifying comments has been added.

Approved by monty@mariadb.com.

mysql-test/r/join_cache.result

@@ -6054,4 +6054,57 @@ select f2 from t2,t1 where f2 = 0;
 f2
 drop table t1, t2;
 set join_buffer_size=@save_join_buffer_size;
+#
+# MDEV-21104: BNLH used for multi-join query with embedded outer join
+#             and possible 'not exists' optimization
+#
+set join_cache_level=4;
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1),(2);
+CREATE TABLE t2 (b int, c int) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES  (1,2),(2,4);
+CREATE TABLE t3 (d int, KEY(d)) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (1),(2);
+CREATE TABLE t4 (e int primary key) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t4 VALUES (1),(2);
+ANALYZE TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4;
+Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
+test.t1	analyze	status	OK
+test.t2	analyze	status	OK
+test.t3	analyze	status	OK
+test.t4	analyze	status	OK
+SELECT * FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d;
+b	c	d
+1	2	2
+2	4	NULL
+SELECT * FROM (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4;
+b	c	d	e
+1	2	2	1
+2	4	NULL	1
+1	2	2	2
+2	4	NULL	2
+EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4 ) ON b = e;
+id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
+1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	2	
+1	SIMPLE	t2	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	2	Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
+1	SIMPLE	t3	hash_index	d	#hash#d:d	5:5	test.t2.c	2	Using where; Using index; Using join buffer (incremental, BNLH join)
+1	SIMPLE	t4	hash_index	PRIMARY	#hash#PRIMARY:PRIMARY	4:4	test.t2.b	2	Using index; Using join buffer (incremental, BNLH join)
+SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4 ) ON b = e;
+a	b	c	d	e
+1	1	2	2	1
+2	1	2	2	1
+1	2	4	NULL	2
+2	2	4	NULL	2
+EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4 ) ON b = e
+WHERE e IS NULL;
+id	select_type	table	type	possible_keys	key	key_len	ref	rows	Extra
+1	SIMPLE	t1	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	2	
+1	SIMPLE	t2	ALL	NULL	NULL	NULL	NULL	2	Using where; Using join buffer (flat, BNL join)
+1	SIMPLE	t3	hash_index	d	#hash#d:d	5:5	test.t2.c	2	Using where; Using index; Using join buffer (incremental, BNLH join)
+1	SIMPLE	t4	hash_index	PRIMARY	#hash#PRIMARY:PRIMARY	4:4	test.t2.b	2	Using where; Using index; Not exists; Using join buffer (incremental, BNLH join)
+SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4 ) ON b = e
+WHERE e IS NULL;
+a	b	c	d	e
+DROP TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4;
+set join_cache_level=@save_join_cache_level;
 set @@optimizer_switch=@save_optimizer_switch;

mysql-test/t/join_cache.test

@@ -4014,5 +4014,41 @@ select f2 from t2,t1 where f2 = 0;
 drop table t1, t2;
 set join_buffer_size=@save_join_buffer_size;
 
+
+--echo #
+--echo # MDEV-21104: BNLH used for multi-join query with embedded outer join
+--echo #             and possible 'not exists' optimization
+--echo #
+
+set join_cache_level=4;
+
+CREATE TABLE t1 (a int) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1),(2);
+CREATE TABLE t2 (b int, c int) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES  (1,2),(2,4);
+CREATE TABLE t3 (d int, KEY(d)) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t3 VALUES (1),(2);
+CREATE TABLE t4 (e int primary key) ENGINE=MyISAM;
+INSERT INTO t4 VALUES (1),(2);
+ANALYZE TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4;
+
+SELECT * FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d;
+SELECT * FROM (t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4;
+
+let $q1=
+SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4 ) ON b = e;
+eval EXPLAIN $q1;
+eval $q1;
+
+let $q2=
+SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN ( ( t2 LEFT JOIN t3 ON c = d ) JOIN t4 ) ON b = e
+  WHERE e IS NULL;
+eval EXPLAIN $q2;
+eval $q2;
+
+DROP TABLE t1,t2,t3,t4;
+
+set join_cache_level=@save_join_cache_level;
+
 # The following command must be the last one in the file 
 set @@optimizer_switch=@save_optimizer_switch;

sql/sql_join_cache.cc

@@ -1649,7 +1649,7 @@ void JOIN_CACHE::get_record_by_pos(uchar *rec_ptr)
 }
 
 
-/* 
+/*
   Get the match flag from the referenced record: the default implementation
 
   SYNOPSIS
@@ -1661,6 +1661,7 @@ void JOIN_CACHE::get_record_by_pos(uchar *rec_ptr)
     get the match flag for the record pointed by the reference at the position
     rec_ptr. If the match flag is placed in one of the previous buffers the
     function first reaches the linked record fields in this buffer.
+    The function returns the value of the first encountered match flag.
 
   RETURN VALUE
     match flag for the record at the position rec_ptr
@@ -1685,6 +1686,39 @@ enum JOIN_CACHE::Match_flag JOIN_CACHE::get_match_flag_by_pos(uchar *rec_ptr)
 
 
 /* 
+  Get the match flag for the referenced record from specified join buffer
+
+  SYNOPSIS
+    get_match_flag_by_pos_from_join_buffer()
+      rec_ptr  position of the first field of the record in the join buffer
+      tab      join table with join buffer where to look for the match flag
+
+  DESCRIPTION
+    This default implementation of the get_match_flag_by_pos_from_join_buffer
+    method gets the match flag for the record pointed by the reference at the
+    position rec_ptr from the join buffer attached to the join table tab.
+
+  RETURN VALUE
+    match flag for the record at the position rec_ptr from the join
+    buffer attached to the table tab.
+*/
+
+enum JOIN_CACHE::Match_flag
+JOIN_CACHE::get_match_flag_by_pos_from_join_buffer(uchar *rec_ptr,
+                                                   JOIN_TAB *tab)
+{
+  DBUG_ASSERT(tab->cache && tab->cache->with_match_flag);
+  for (JOIN_CACHE *cache= this; ; )
+  {
+    if (cache->join_tab == tab)
+      return (enum Match_flag) rec_ptr[0];
+    cache= cache->prev_cache;
+    rec_ptr= cache->get_rec_ref(rec_ptr);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
   Calculate the increment of the auxiliary buffer for a record write
 
   SYNOPSIS
@@ -1954,6 +1988,10 @@ bool JOIN_CACHE::read_referenced_field(CACHE_FIELD *copy,
     If the record is skipped the value of 'pos' is set to point to the position
     right after the record.
 
+  NOTE
+    Currently this function is called only when generating null complemented
+    records for outer joins (=> only when join_tab->first_unmatched != NULL).
+
   RETURN VALUE
     TRUE   the match flag is set to MATCH_FOUND and the record has been skipped
     FALSE  otherwise
@@ -1966,7 +2004,9 @@ bool JOIN_CACHE::skip_if_matched()
   if (prev_cache)
     offset+= prev_cache->get_size_of_rec_offset();
   /* Check whether the match flag is MATCH_FOUND */
-  if (get_match_flag_by_pos(pos+offset) == MATCH_FOUND)
+  if (get_match_flag_by_pos_from_join_buffer(pos+offset,
+                                             join_tab->first_unmatched) ==
+      MATCH_FOUND)
   {
     pos+= size_of_rec_len + get_rec_length(pos);
     return TRUE;
@@ -1983,13 +2023,23 @@ bool JOIN_CACHE::skip_if_matched()
 
   DESCRIPTION
     This default implementation of the virtual function skip_if_not_needed_match
-    skips the next record from the join buffer if its match flag is not 
-    MATCH_NOT_FOUND, and, either its value is MATCH_FOUND and join_tab is the
-    first inner table of an inner join, or, its value is MATCH_IMPOSSIBLE
-    and join_tab is the first inner table of an outer join.
+    skips the next record from the join when generating join extensions
+    for the records in the join buffer depending on the value of the match flag.
+      - In the case of a semi-nest the match flag may be in two states
+        {MATCH_NOT_FOUND, MATCH_FOUND}. The record is skipped if the flag is set
+        to MATCH_FOUND.
+      - In the case of a outer join nest when not_exists optimization is applied
+        the match may be in three states {MATCH_NOT_FOUND, MATCH_IMPOSSIBLE,
+        MATCH_FOUND. The record is skipped if the flag is set to MATCH_FOUND or
+        to MATCH_IMPOSSIBLE.
+
     If the record is skipped the value of 'pos' is set to point to the position
     right after the record.
 
+  NOTE
+    Currently the function is called only when generating non-null complemented
+    extensions for records in the join buffer.
+
   RETURN VALUE
     TRUE    the record has to be skipped
     FALSE   otherwise 
@@ -2000,11 +2050,19 @@ bool JOIN_CACHE::skip_if_not_needed_match()
   DBUG_ASSERT(with_length);
   enum Match_flag match_fl;
   uint offset= size_of_rec_len;
+  bool skip= FALSE;
   if (prev_cache)
     offset+= prev_cache->get_size_of_rec_offset();
 
-  if ((match_fl= get_match_flag_by_pos(pos+offset)) != MATCH_NOT_FOUND &&
-      (join_tab->check_only_first_match() == (match_fl == MATCH_FOUND)) )
+  if (!join_tab->check_only_first_match())
+    return FALSE;
+
+  match_fl= get_match_flag_by_pos(pos+offset);
+  skip= join_tab->first_sj_inner_tab ?
+        match_fl == MATCH_FOUND :           // the case of semi-join
+        match_fl != MATCH_NOT_FOUND;        // the case of outer-join
+
+  if (skip)
   {
     pos+= size_of_rec_len + get_rec_length(pos);
     return TRUE;
@@ -2104,7 +2162,14 @@ enum_nested_loop_state JOIN_CACHE::join_records(bool skip_last)
           goto finish;
       }
       join_tab->not_null_compl= FALSE;
-      /* Prepare for generation of null complementing extensions */
+      /*
+        Prepare for generation of null complementing extensions.
+        For all inner tables of the outer join operation for which
+        regular matches have been just found the field 'first_unmatched'
+        is set to point the the first inner table. After all null
+        complement rows are generated for this outer join this field
+        is set back to NULL.
+      */
       for (tab= join_tab->first_inner; tab <= join_tab->last_inner; tab++)
         tab->first_unmatched= join_tab->first_inner;
     }
@@ -2221,7 +2286,10 @@ enum_nested_loop_state JOIN_CACHE::join_matching_records(bool skip_last)
   int error;
   enum_nested_loop_state rc= NESTED_LOOP_OK;
   join_tab->table->null_row= 0;
-  bool check_only_first_match= join_tab->check_only_first_match();
+  bool check_only_first_match=
+    join_tab->check_only_first_match() &&
+    (!join_tab->first_inner ||                            // semi-join case
+     join_tab->first_inner == join_tab->first_unmatched); // outer join case
   bool outer_join_first_inner= join_tab->is_first_inner_for_outer_join();
   DBUG_ENTER("JOIN_CACHE::join_matching_records");
 

sql/sql_join_cache.h

@@ -206,7 +206,9 @@ class JOIN_CACHE :public Sql_alloc
 
   /* 
     This flag indicates that records written into the join buffer contain
-    a match flag field. The flag must be set by the init method. 
+    a match flag field. The flag must be set by the init method.
+    Currently any implementation of the virtial init method calls
+    the function JOIN_CACHE::calc_record_fields() to set this flag.
   */
   bool with_match_flag; 
   /*
@@ -646,6 +648,13 @@ class JOIN_CACHE :public Sql_alloc
   /* Shall return the value of the match flag for the positioned record */
   virtual enum Match_flag get_match_flag_by_pos(uchar *rec_ptr);
 
+  /*
+    Shall return the value of the match flag for the positioned record
+    from the join buffer attached to the specified table
+  */
+  virtual enum Match_flag
+    get_match_flag_by_pos_from_join_buffer(uchar *rec_ptr, JOIN_TAB *tab);
+
   /* Shall return the position of the current record */
   virtual uchar *get_curr_rec() { return curr_rec_pos; }