MDEV-15926 MEDIUMINT returns wrong I_S attributes
Problem: The logic in store_column_type() with a switch on field type was hard to follow. The part for MEDIUMINT (MYSQL_TYPE_INT24) was not correct. It erroneously calculated the precision of MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED as 7 instead of 8. A similar hard-to-follow switch doing some type specific calculations resided in adjust_max_effective_column_length(). It was also wrong for MEDIUMINT (reported as a separate issue in MDEV-15946). Solution: 1. Introducing a new class Information_schema_numeric_attributes 2. Adding a new virtual method Field::information_schema_numeric_attributes() 3. Splitting the logic in store_column_type() into virtual implementations of information_schema_numeric_attributes(). 4. In order to avoid adding duplicate code for the integer data types, adding a new virtual method Field_int::numeric_precision(), which returns the number of digits. Additional changes: 1. Adding the "const" qualifier to Field::max_display_length() 2. Moving the code from adjust_max_effective_column_length() directly to Field::max_display_length(). There was no any sense to have two implementations: - a set of wrong virtual implementations for Field_xxx::max_display_length() - additional code in adjust_max_effective_column_length() fixing bad results of Field_xxx::max_display_length() This change is safe: - The code using Field::max_display_length() in field.cc, sql_show.cc, sql_type.cc is not affected. - The code in rpl_utility.cc is also not affected. See a new DBUG_ASSSERT and new comments explaining why. In the new reduction, Field_xxx::max_display_length() returns correct results for all integer types (except MEDIUMINT, see below). Putting implementations of numeric_precision() and max_display_length() near each other in field.h made the logic much clearer and thus helped to reveal bad results for Field_medium::max_display_length(), which returns 9 instead of 8 for signed MEDIUMINT fields. This problem will be addressed separately (MDEV-15946). Note, this change is also useful for pluggable data types (see MDEV-4912), as now a user defined Field_xxx has a way to control what's returned in INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS.NUMERIC_PRECISION and INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS.NUMERIC_SCALE by implementing a desired behavior in Field_xxx::information_schema_numeric_attributes().
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