MDEV-17625 Different warnings when comparing a garbage to DATETIME vs TIME

- Splitting processes of data type conversion (to TIME/DATE,DATETIME)
  and warning generation.
  Warning are now only get collected during conversion (in an "int" variable),
  and are pushed in the very end of conversion (not in parallel).
  Warnings generated by the low level routines str_to_xxx() and number_to_xxx()
  can now be changed at the end, when TIME_FUZZY_DATES is applied,
  from "Invalid value" to "Truncated invalid value".

  Now "Illegal value" is issued only when the low level routine returned
  an error and TIME_FUZZY_DATES was not set. Otherwise, if the low level
  routine returned "false" (success), or if NULL was converted to a zero
  datetime by TIME_FUZZY_DATES, then "Truncated illegal value"
  is issued. This gives better warnings.

- Methods Type_handler::Item_get_date() and
  Type_handler::Item_func_hybrid_field_type_get_date() now only
  convert and collect warning information, but do not push warnings.

- Changing the return data type for Type_handler::Item_get_date()
  and Type_handler::Item_func_hybrid_field_type_get_date() from
  "bool" to "void". The conversion result (success vs error) can be
  checked by testing ltime->time_type. MYSQL_TIME_{NONE|ERROR}
  mean mean error, other values mean success.

- Adding new wrapper methods Type_handler::Item_get_date_with_warn() and
  Type_handler::Item_func_hybrid_field_type_get_date_with_warn()
  to do conversion followed by raising warnings, and changing
  the code to call new Type_handler::***_with_warn() methods.

- Adding a helper class Temporal::Status, a wrapper
  for MYSQL_TIME_STATUS with automatic initialization.

- Adding a helper class Temporal::Warn, to collect warnings
  but without actually raising them. Moving a part of ErrConv
  into a separate class ErrBuff, and deriving both Temporal::Warn
  and ErrConv from ErrBuff. The ErrBuff part of Temporal::Warn
  is used to collect textual representation of the input data.

- Adding a helper class Temporal::Warn_push. It's used
  to collect warning information during conversion, and
  automatically pushes warnings to the diagnostics area
  on its destructor time (in case of non-zero warning).

- Moving more code from various functions inside class Temporal.

- Adding more Temporal_hybrid constructors and
  protected Temporal methods make_from_xxx(),
  which convert and only collect warning information, but do not
  actually raise warnings.

- Now the low level functions  str_to_datetime() and str_to_time()
  always set status->warning if the return value is "true" (error).

- Now the low level functions number_to_time() and number_to_datetime()
  set the "*was_cut" argument if the return value is "true" (error).

- Adding a few DBUG_ASSERTs to make sure that str_to_xxx() and
  number_to_xxx() always set warnings on error.

- Adding new warning flags MYSQL_TIME_WARN_EDOM and MYSQL_TIME_WARN_ZERO_DATE
  for the code symmetry. Before this change there was a special
  code path for (rc==true && was_cut==0) which was treated by
  Field_temporal::store_invalid_with_warning as "zero date violation".
  Now was_cut==0 always means that there are no any error/warnings/notes
  to be raised, not matter what rc is.

- Using new Temporal_hybrid constructors in combination with
  Temporal::Warn_push inside str_to_datetime_with_warn(),
  double_to_datetime_with_warn(), int_to_datetime_with_warn(),
  Field::get_date(), Item::get_date_from_string(), and a few other places.

- Removing methods Dec_ptr::to_datetime_with_warn(),
  Year::to_time_with_warn(), my_decimal::to_datetime_with_warn(),
  Dec_ptr::to_datetime_with_warn().
  Fixing Sec6::to_time() and Sec6::to_datetime() to
  convert and only collect warnings, without raising warnings.
  Now warning raising functionality resides in Temporal::Warn_push.

- Adding classes Longlong_hybrid_null and Double_null, to
  return both value and the "IS NULL" flag. Adding methods
  Item::to_double_null(), to_longlong_hybrid_null(),
  Item_func_hybrid_field_type::to_longlong_hybrid_null_op(),
  Item_func_hybrid_field_type::to_double_null_op().
  Removing separate classes VInt and VInt_op, as they
  have been replaced by a single class Longlong_hybrid_null.

- Adding a helper method Temporal::type_name_by_timestamp_type(),
  moving a part of make_truncated_value_warning() into it,
  and reusing in Temporal::Warn::push_conversion_warnings().

- Removing Item::make_zero_date() and
  Item_func_hybrid_field_type::make_zero_mysql_time().
  They provided duplicate functionality.
  Now this code resides in Temporal::make_fuzzy_date().
  The latter is now called for all Item types when data type
  conversion (to DATE/TIME/DATETIME) is involved, including
  Item_field and Item_direct_view_ref.
  This fixes MDEV-17563: Item_direct_view_ref now correctly converts
  NULL to a zero date when TIME_FUZZY_DATES says so.

           when using brackets

Do not create master unit for select if it has already one.

main.derived_cond_pushdown: Move all 10.3 tests to the end,
trim trailing white space, and add an "End of 10.3 tests" marker.
Add --sorted_result to tests where the ordering is not deterministic.

main.win_percentile: Add --sorted_result to tests where the
ordering is no longer deterministic.

Remove trailing white space, and use lower case for "eval" and "let".
Add an "End of 10.2 tests" marker to ease future merges.

Part#2: take into account that join nest that we are marking as constant
might already have constant tables in it. Don't count these tables twice.

Update .result files after the previous patch

Continuation of the fix: Make condition selectivity estimate use the
right estimate, too.

Reuse the fix for MDEV-17518 here, too.

The relevant InnoDB/XtraDB fixes up to 5.6.42 had already
been applied to MariaDB in commit 30c3d6db.

Revert some changes that appeared in
the merge commit 87d852f1.

Problem affects INPLACE ALTER rename columns.

innobase_rename_column_try(): some strcmp() was replaced with my_strcasecmp(),
queries to update data dictionary was updated to not match column name case.

MDEV-17349 Assertion `!table || (!table->read_set || bitmap_is_set(table->read_set, field_index))' failed on concurrent SELECT and DELETE after RENAME from table with index on virtual column

Race condition. field->flags were copied from s->field->flags during
field->clone(), early in open_table_from_share(). But s->field->flags
were getting their PART_INDIRECT_KEY_FLAG bit much later in
TABLE::mark_columns_used_by_virtual_fields() and only once per share.

If two threads were executing the code between field->clone()
and mark_columns_used_by_virtual_fields() at the same time, only
one would get PART_INDIRECT_KEY_FLAG bits in field[].

C++ does not guarantee the order of parameter evaluation.
It was wrong to pass item->val_int() and item->null_value
at the same time to any function or constructor.
Adding a new helper class Longlong_null, and new methods
Item::to_longlong_null() and Item_func_hybrid_field_type::to_longlong_null_op(),
which make sure to properly call val_int()/int_op() and test null_value.
Reorganizing the rest of the code accordingly.

LOCK view WRITE shouldn't block FLUSH view.
So we set the view's mdl_request type to it's tables.

thd_rpl_stmt_based(): A new predicate to check if statement-based
replication is active. (This can also hold when replication is not
in use, but binlog is.)

que_thr_stop(), row_ins_duplicate_error_in_clust(),
row_ins_sec_index_entry_low(), row_ins(): On a duplicate key error,
only lock all index records when statement-based replication is in use.

Users expect window functions to produce a certain ordering of rows in
the final result set. Although the standard does not require this, we
already have the filesort result done for when we computed the window
function. If there is no ORDER BY attached to the query, just keep it
till the SELECT is completely evaluated and use that to print the
result.

Update test cases as many did not take care to guarantee a stable
result.

ha_innobase::check_if_supported_inplace_alter(): Remove a redundant
condition and defer some computations.

If INNOBASE_ALTER_VERSIONED_REBUILD is set, innobase_need_rebuild()
will necessarily hold. Therefore, it is not necessary to assign
need_rebuild at the start of the function.

set both `password` and `authentication_string` columns in `mysql`.`user`
table for now.

Suppress the "password was ignored" warning if the password is
the same as the authentication string

MDEV-17038 ALTER TABLE CHANGE COLUMN c1 c1 bigint NOT NULL - generates error if table uses SYSTEM VERSIONING

* Fine-grained inplace skipping by INNOBASE_ALTER_VERSIONED_REBUILD;
* Fixed column WITHOUT SYSTEM VERSIONING + ADD COLUMN;
* Fixed instant field change (MDEV-16330);
* Revisited test versioning.online;
* Merged the test versioning.trx_id_versioning_attribute_persistence
  to versioning.online;
* Renamed some versioning functions:
** change_fields_versioning_cache() -> vers_change_fields_cache()
** change_field_versioning_try() -> vers_change_field_try()
Skip condition moved out of func.

Closes tempesta-tech/mariadb#414
Closes tempesta-tech/mariadb#540
Related to tempesta-tech/mariadb#281

 which did not always correctly simulated io-cache::end_of_file.
The error was caused by implicit cast to unsigned of an intemediate term
in a formula.

It seems Item_cache_time::val_datetime_packed() is never caller in the
current code. Fixing it to use to_packed() rather than to_longlong() anyway.

The parameters bool sync=true, bool read_only=false of mtr_t::start()
were added in
https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/commit/eca5b0fc17a5bd6d4833d35a0d08c8549dd3b5ec
(MySQL 5.7.3).

The parameter read_only was never used anywhere.
The parameter sync was only copied around, and would be returned
by the unused function mtr_t::is_async().

We do not need this dead code in MariaDB.

At the start of the function, we already dereferenced node,
so the checks for NULL are unnecessary and redundant.

For index merge union[or sort union], the estimates are not taken into account while calculating the selectivity of
a condition. So instead of showing the estimates of the index merge union[or sort union], it shows estimates equal to
all the records of the table.
The fix for the issue is to include the selectivity of index merge
union[or sort union] while calculating the selectivity of a condition.

branch.

Query INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_SYS_TABLES only once, and cache results.

As a small cleanup, remove  mdl_lock_con_mutex, the MDL handling
connection is never accessed by multiple threads at the same time.

  sql\sql_acl.cc(3114): error C2220: warning treated as error - no 'object' file generated
  sql\sql_acl.cc(3114): warning C4390: ';': empty controlled statement found; is this the intent?