MDEV-28606 Server crashes in st_select_lex::add_table_to_list instead of error 1066: Not unique table/alias

10.2-only fix, 10.3+ uses LEX_STRING's and checks the length first

to detect the end of SP definition correctly we need to know where
the parser stopped parsing the SP. lip->get_cpp_ptr() shows the
current parsing position, lip->get_cpp_tok_start() shows the start of
the last parsed token. The actual value depends on whether
the parser has performed a look-ahead. For example, in

  CREATE PROCEDURE ... BEGIN ... END ;

the parser reads 'END' and knows that this ends the procedure definition,
it does not need to read the next token for this. But in

  CREATE PROCEDURE ... SELECT 1 ;

the parser cannot know that the procedure ends at '1'. It has to read
the semicolon first (it could be '1 + 2' for example).

In the first case, the "current parsing position" is after END, before
the semicolon, in the second case it's *after* the semicolon. Note that
SP definition in both cases ends before the semicolon.

To be able to detect the end of SP deterministically, we need the parser
to do the look-ahead always or never.

The bug fix introduces a new parser token FORCE_LOOKAHEAD. Lexer never
returns it, so this token can never match. But the parser cannot know
it so it will have to perform a look-ahead to determine that the next
token is not FORCE_LOOKAHEAD. This way we deterministically end
SP parsing with a look-ahead.

The bug occurs where the float token containing a dot with an 'e'
notation was dropped from the request completely.

This causes a manner of invalid SQL statements like:

select id 1.e, char 10.e(id 2.e), concat 3.e('a'12356.e,'b'1.e,'c'1.1234e)1.e, 12 1.e*2 1.e, 12 1.e/2 1.e, 12 1.e|2 1.e, 12 1.e^2 1.e, 12 1.e%2 1.e, 12 1.e&2 from test;

To be parsed correctly as if it was:

select id, char(id), concat('a','b','c'), 12*2, 12/2, 12|2, 12^2, 12%2, 12&2 from test.test;

This correct parsing occurs when e is followed by any of:

( ) . , | & % * ^ /

fix printing precedence for BETWEEN, LIKE/ESCAPE, REGEXP, IN
don't use precedence for printing CASE/WHEN/THEN/ELSE/END

fix parsing precedence of BETWEEN, LIKE/ESCAPE, REGEXP, IN
support predicate arguments for IN, BETWEEN, SOUNDS LIKE, LIKE/ESCAPE,
REGEXP

use %nonassoc for unary operators

fix parsing of IS TRUE/FALSE/UNKNOWN/NULL

remove parser_precedence test as superseded by the precedence test

Reject queries that have aggregate functions with UNION as these
are not allowed by standard.

A simple patch fixing the problem in 5.5.
Note, a full patch was previously fixed to 10.3.

The problematic queries involve unions. For unions we have an
optimization where we skip the ORDER BY clause in a query from one side
of the union if it will be performed later due to UNION.
EX:
(SELECT a from t1 ORDER BY a) ORDER BY b;
The first ordering by a is not necessary and it gets removed.

The problem is that we still need to resolve the Items before removing the
ORDER BY list from the
SELECT_LEX structure. During this final resolve step however, we forgot to
allow SET functions within the ORDER BY clause. This caused us to return
an "Invalid use of group function" error during the checking performed
by fix_fields in Item_sum::init_sum_func_check.

change the parser not to allow SERIAL as a normal data type.
make a special rule for it, where it could be used for define
fields, but not generated fields, not return type of a stored function, etc.

MDEV-11171 Assertion `m_cpp_buf <= ptr && ptr <= m_cpp_buf + m_buf_length' failed in Lex_input_stream::body_utf8_append(const char*, const char*)

MDEV-10779 Failing assertion lex->proc_list.elements == 0 or syntax error on PROCEDURE ANALYSE in UNION

Reverting a part of the patch for "MDEV-8909union parser cleanup",
as a parenthesized SELECT with PROCEDURE followed by UNION is not
disallowed by the grammar (only a non-parenthesized SELECT with PROCEDURE
followed by a UNION is disallowed grammatically).

fix the lexer to backtrack when parsing
"<=", "<>", "!=", ">=", "<<", ">>", "<=>".

UNION, ROLLUP, GROUP_CONCAT, for better coverage.

MDEV-10095 Fix derived tables to return a syntax error instead of "Illegal usage of UNION and LIMIT"

1. Moving the "| get_select_lex_derived select_derived_init" part of
select_derived into a separate new rule derived_query_specification.
2. Using derived_query_specification directly in select_derived_union
rather than in select_derived.
3. Moving the sequence "opt_order_clause opt_limit_clause opt_select_lock_type"
from select_derived2 to select_derived_union,
after derived_query_specification.

Effectively, the parser now does not go through the sequence
"opt_order_clause opt_limit_clause ... opt_union_order_or_limit" any more.

This fixes the problem with double LIMIT clause and removes 2 shift/reduce
conflicts.

MDEV-10036 sql_yacc.yy: Split select_part2 to disallow syntactically bad constructs with INTO, PROCEDURE, UNION
MDEV-10037 UNION with LIMIT ROWS EXAMINED does not require parentheses

MDEV-10030 sql_yacc.yy: Split table_expression and remove PROCEDURE from create_select, select_paren_derived, select_derived2, query_specification

This change refactors the "table_expression" rule in sql_yacc.yy.

Queries with subselects and derived tables, as well as "CREATE TABLE ... SELECT"
now return syntax error instead of "Incorrect usage of PROCEDURE and ...".

backport mysql parser fixes
0034963fbf199696792491bcb79d5f0731c98804
5948561812bc691bd0c13cf518a3fe77d9daf920

ORDER BY against union may confuse name resolution context, causing valid
SQL statements to fail.

The purpose of context change was presumably intended for the duration of
gathering field list for ORDER BY. However it isn't actually required (name
resolution context is never accessed by the latter).

See also alternative solution (in MySQL 5.7): 92145b95.

	       ACCEPTED BUT PARSED INCORRECTLY

When we are setting the value in a system variable, 
We can set it like 

set sys_var="Iden1.Iden2";		//1
set sys_var='Iden1.Iden2';		//2
set sys_var=Iden1.Iden2;		//3
set sys_var=.ident1.ident2; 		//4
set sys_var=`Iden1.Iden2`;		//5


While parsing, for case 1(when ANSI_QUOTES is enable) and 2,
we will take as string literal(we will make item of type Item_string).
for case 3 & 4, taken as Item_field, where Iden1 is a table name and
iden2 is a field name.
for case 5, again Item_field type, where iden1.iden2 is taken as
field name.


Now in case 1, when we are assigning some value to system variable
(which can take string or enumerate type data), we are setting only 
field part.
This means only iden2 value will be set for system variable. This 
result in wrong result.

Solution:

(for string type) We need to Document that we are not allowed to set 
system variable which takes string as identifier, otherwise result 
in unexpected behaviour.

(for enumerate type)
if we pass iden1.iden2, we will give an error ER_WRONG_TYPE_FOR_VAR
(Incorrect argument type to variable).

mysql-test/suite/sys_vars/t/general_log_file_basic.test:
  Earlier we used to give ER_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_VAR error, but in the patch of
  (Bug32748-Inconsistent handling of assignments to general_log_file/slow_query_log_file)
  they quoted this line.But i am not able to find any relation of this with the changes of
  patch. So i think We should give error in this case.
mysql-test/suite/sys_vars/t/slow_query_log_file_basic.test:
  Earlier we used to give ER_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_VAR error, but in the patch of
  (Bug32748-Inconsistent handling of assignments to general_log_file/slow_query_log_file)
  they quoted this line.But i am not able to find any relation of this with the changes of
  patch. So i think We should give error in this case.

	       ACCEPTED BUT PARSED INCORRECTLY

When we are setting the value in a system variable, 
We can set it like 

set sys_var="Iden1.Iden2";		//1
set sys_var='Iden1.Iden2';		//2
set sys_var=Iden1.Iden2;		//3
set sys_var=.ident1.ident2; 		//4
set sys_var=`Iden1.Iden2`;		//5


While parsing, for case 1(when ANSI_QUOTES is enable) and 2,
we will take as string literal(we will make item of type Item_string).
for case 3 & 4, taken as Item_field, where Iden1 is a table name and
iden2 is a field name.
for case 5, again Item_field type, where iden1.iden2 is taken as
field name.


Now in case 1, when we are assigning some value to system variable
(which can take string or enumerate type data), we are setting only 
field part.
This means only iden2 value will be set for system variable. This 
result in wrong result.

Solution:

(for string type) We need to Document that we are not allowed to set 
system variable which takes string as identifier, otherwise result 
in unexpected behaviour.

(for enumerate type)
if we pass iden1.iden2, we will give an error ER_WRONG_TYPE_FOR_VAR
(Incorrect argument type to variable).

Documentation of the feature can be found at: http://kb.askmonty.org/en/multi-source-replication/
This code is based on code from Taobao, developed by Plinux

BUILD/SETUP.sh:
  Added -Wno-invalid-offsetof to get rid of warning of offsetof() on C++ class (safe in the contex we use it)
client/mysqltest.cc:
  Added support for error names starting with 'W'
  Added connection_name support to --sync_with_master
cmake/maintainer.cmake:
  Added -Wno-invalid-offsetof to get rid of warning of offsetof() on C++ class (safe in the contex we use it)
mysql-test/r/mysqltest.result:
  Updated results
mysql-test/r/parser.result:
  Updated results
mysql-test/suite/multi_source/my.cnf:
  Setup of multi-master tests
mysql-test/suite/multi_source/simple.result:
  Simple basic test of multi-source functionality
mysql-test/suite/multi_source/simple.test:
  Simple basic test of multi-source functionality
mysql-test/suite/multi_source/syntax.result:
  Test of multi-source syntax
mysql-test/suite/multi_source/syntax.test:
  Test of multi-source syntax
mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_rotate_logs.result:
  Updated results because of new error messages
mysql-test/t/parser.test:
  Updated test as master_pos_wait() now takes more arguments than before
sql/event_scheduler.cc:
  No reason to initialize slave_thread (it's guaranteed to be zero here)
sql/item_create.cc:
  Added connection_name argument to master_pos_wait()
  Simplified code
sql/item_func.cc:
  Added connection_name argument to master_pos_wait()
sql/item_func.h:
  Added connection_name argument to master_pos_wait()
sql/log.cc:
  Added tag "Master 'connection_name'" to slave errors that has a connection name.
sql/mysqld.cc:
  Added variable mysqld_server_initialized so that other functions can test if server is fully initialized.
  Free all slave data in one place (fewer ifdef's)
  Removed not needed call to close_active_mi()
  Initialize slaves() later in startup to ensure that everthing is really initialized when slaves start.
  Made status variable slave_running multi-source safe
sql/mysqld.h:
  Added mysqld_server_initialized
sql/rpl_mi.cc:
  Store connection name and cmp_connection_name (only used for show full slave status) in Master_info
  Added code for Master_info_index, which handles storage of multi-master information
  Don't write the empty "" connection_name to multi-master.info file. This is handled by the original code.
sql/rpl_mi.h:
  Added connection_name and Master_info_index
sql/rpl_rli.cc:
  Added connection_name to relay log files.
sql/rpl_rli.h:
  Fixed type of slave_skip_counter as we now access it directly in sys_vars.cc, so it must be uint
sql/share/errmsg-utf8.txt:
  Added new error messages needed for multi-source
  Added multi-source name to error ER_MASTER_INFO and WARN_NO_MASTER_INFO
sql/slave.cc:
  Moved things a bit around to make it easier to handle error conditions.
  Create a global master_info_index and add the "" connection to it
  Ensure that new Master_info doesn't fail.
  Don't call terminate_slave_threads(active_mi..) on end_slave() as this is now done automaticly when deleting master_info_index.
  Delete not needed function close_active_mi(). One can achive same thing by calling end_slave().
  Added support for SHOW FULL SLAVE STATUS (show status for all master connections with connection_name as first column)
sql/slave.h:
  Added new prototypes
sql/sql_base.cc:
  More DBUG_PRINT
sql/sql_class.cc:
  Reset thd->connection_name and thd-->default_master_connection
sql/sql_class.h:
  Added thd->connection_name and thd-->default_master_connection
  Added slave_skip_count to variables to make changing the @@sql_slave_skip_count variable thread safe
sql/sql_const.h:
  Added MAX_CONNECTION_NAME
sql/sql_lex.cc:
  Reset 'lex->verbose' (to simplify some sql_yacc.yy code)
sql/sql_lex.h:
  Added connection_name
sql/sql_parse.cc:
  Added support for connection_name to all SLAVE commands.
  - Instead of using active_mi, we now get the current Master_info from master_info_index.
  - Create new replication threads with CHANGE MASTER
  - Added support for show_all_master_info()
sql/sql_reload.cc:
  Made reset/full slave use master_info_index->get_master_info() instead of active_mi.
  If one uses 'RESET SLAVE "connection_name" all' the connection is removed from master_info_index.
sql/sql_repl.cc:
  sql_slave_skip_counter is moved to thd->variables to make it thread safe and fix some bugs with it
  Add connection name to relay log files.
  Added connection name to errors.
  Added some logging for multi-master if log_warnings > 1
  stop_slave():
  - Don't check if thd is set. It's guaranteed to always be set.
  change_master():
  - Check for duplicate connection names in change_master()
  - Check for wrong arguments first in file (to simplify error handling)
  - Register new connections in master_info_index
sql/sql_yacc.yy:
  Added optional connection_name to a all relevant master/slave commands
sql/strfunc.cc:
  my_global.h shoud always be included first.
sql/sys_vars.cc:
  Added variable default_master_connection
  Made variable sql_slave_skip_counter multi-source safe
sql/sys_vars.h:
  Added Sys_var_session_lexstring (needed for default_master_connection)
  Added Sys_var_multi_source_uint (needed for sql_slave_skip_counter).

mysql-test/suite/innodb/r/innodb_information_schema.result:
  The transaction is in REPEATABLE READ, since the
  iso level was changed to SERIALIZABLE only for the 
  previous trx.
mysql-test/suite/innodb/t/innodb-semi-consistent.test:
  'commit' was missing from the original patch
mysql-test/t/parser.test:
  Moved the test for Bug#46527 to parser_not_embedded,
  since "disconnect default" isn't allowed with
  the embedded server.
mysql-test/t/parser_not_embedded.test:
  Moved the test for Bug#46527 to parser_not_embedded,
  since "disconnect default" isn't allowed with
  the embedded server.

Bug#20837 Apparent change of isolation level during transaction,
Bug#46527 COMMIT AND CHAIN RELEASE does not make sense,
Bug#53343 completion_type=1, COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN don't 
preserve the isolation level
Bug#53346 completion_type has strange effect in a stored 
procedure/prepared statement

Make thd->tx_isolation mean strictly "current transaction 
isolation level"
Make thd->variables.tx_isolation mean "current session isolation
level".
The current transaction isolation level is now established
at transaction start. If there was a SET TRANSACTION
ISOLATION LEVEL statement, the value is taken from it.
Otherwise, the session value is used.
A change in a session value, made while a transaction is active,
whereas still allowed, no longer has any effect on the
current transaction isolation level. This is an incompatible
change.
A change in a session isolation level, made while there is
no active transaction, overrides SET TRANSACTION statement,
if there was any.
Changed the impelmentation to not look at @@session.completion_type
in the parser, and thus fixed Bug#53346.
Changed the parser to not allow AND NO CHAIN RELEASE,
and thus fixed Bug#46527.
Changed the transaction API to take the current transaction
isolation level into account:
- BEGIN/COMMIT now do preserve the current transaction
isolation level if chaining is on.
- implicit commit, XA COMMIT or XA ROLLBACK or autocommit don't.

Bug#20837 Apparent change of isolation level during transaction,
Bug#46527 COMMIT AND CHAIN RELEASE does not make sense,
Bug#53343 completion_type=1, COMMIT/ROLLBACK AND CHAIN don't 
preserve the isolation level
Bug#53346 completion_type has strange effect in a stored 
procedure/prepared statement

Make thd->tx_isolation mean strictly "current transaction 
isolation level"
Make thd->variables.tx_isolation mean "current session isolation
level".
The current transaction isolation level is now established
at transaction start. If there was a SET TRANSACTION
ISOLATION LEVEL statement, the value is taken from it.
Otherwise, the session value is used.
A change in a session value, made while a transaction is active,
whereas still allowed, no longer has any effect on the
current transaction isolation level. This is an incompatible
change.
A change in a session isolation level, made while there is
no active transaction, overrides SET TRANSACTION statement,
if there was any.
Changed the impelmentation to not look at @@session.completion_type
in the parser, and thus fixed Bug#53346.
Changed the parser to not allow AND NO CHAIN RELEASE,
and thus fixed Bug#46527.
Changed the transaction API to take the current transaction
isolation level into account:
- BEGIN/COMMIT now do preserve the current transaction
isolation level if chaining is on.
- implicit commit, XA COMMIT or XA ROLLBACK or autocommit don't.

                      to string conversions and vice versa" 
Initial import of the dtoa.c code and custom wrappers around it 
to allow its usage from the server code. 
 
Conversion of FLOAT/DOUBLE values to DECIMAL ones or strings 
and vice versa has been significantly reworked. As the new 
algoritms are more precise than the older ones, results of such 
conversions may not always match those obtained from older 
server versions. This in turn may break compatibility for some 
applications. 
 
This patch also fixes the following bugs: 
- bug #12860 "Difference in zero padding of exponent between 
Unix and Windows" 
- bug #21497 "DOUBLE truncated to unusable value" 
- bug #26788 "mysqld (debug) aborts when inserting specific 
numbers into char fields" 
- bug #24541 "Data truncated..." on decimal type columns 
without any good reason" 

                      to string conversions and vice versa" 
Initial import of the dtoa.c code and custom wrappers around it 
to allow its usage from the server code. 
 
Conversion of FLOAT/DOUBLE values to DECIMAL ones or strings 
and vice versa has been significantly reworked. As the new 
algoritms are more precise than the older ones, results of such 
conversions may not always match those obtained from older 
server versions. This in turn may break compatibility for some 
applications. 
 
This patch also fixes the following bugs: 
- bug #12860 "Difference in zero padding of exponent between 
Unix and Windows" 
- bug #21497 "DOUBLE truncated to unusable value" 
- bug #26788 "mysqld (debug) aborts when inserting specific 
numbers into char fields" 
- bug #24541 "Data truncated..." on decimal type columns 
without any good reason" 

to separate test file that doesn't permit mysqld embedded in 
mysqltest.

Also, fix different comment handling in a incorrect new-to-5.1 
test.

to separate test file that doesn't permit mysqld embedded in 
mysqltest.

Also, fix different comment handling in a incorrect new-to-5.1 
test.

	comment can't be read back

A change to the lexer in 5.1 caused slash-asterisk-bang-version
sections to be terminated early if there exists a slash-asterisk-
style comment inside it.  Nesting comments is usually illegal,
but we rely on versioned comment blocks in mysqldump, and the
contents of those sections must be allowed to have comments.

The problem was that when encountering open-comment tokens and
consuming -or- passing through the contents, the "in_comment"
state at the end was clobbered with the not-in-a-comment value,
regardless of whether we were in a comment before this or not.  

So, """/*!VER one /* two */ three */""" would lose its in-comment
state between "two" and "three".  Save the echo and in-comment
state, and restore it at the end of the comment if we consume a 
comment.

	comment can't be read back

A change to the lexer in 5.1 caused slash-asterisk-bang-version
sections to be terminated early if there exists a slash-asterisk-
style comment inside it.  Nesting comments is usually illegal,
but we rely on versioned comment blocks in mysqldump, and the
contents of those sections must be allowed to have comments.

The problem was that when encountering open-comment tokens and
consuming -or- passing through the contents, the "in_comment"
state at the end was clobbered with the not-in-a-comment value,
regardless of whether we were in a comment before this or not.  

So, """/*!VER one /* two */ three */""" would lose its in-comment
state between "two" and "three".  Save the echo and in-comment
state, and restore it at the end of the comment if we consume a 
comment.

enabled)

Before this fix, the lexer and parser would treat the ';' character as a
different token (either ';' or END_OF_INPUT), based on convoluted logic,
which failed in simple cases where a stored procedure is implemented as a
single statement, and used in a multi query.

With this fix:
- the character ';' is always parsed as a ';' token in the lexer,
- parsing multi queries is implemented in the parser, in the 'query:' rules,
- the value of thd->client_capabilities, which is the capabilities
  negotiated between the client and the server during bootstrap,
  is immutable and not arbitrarily modified during parsing (which was the
  root cause of the bug)

enabled)

Before this fix, the lexer and parser would treat the ';' character as a
different token (either ';' or END_OF_INPUT), based on convoluted logic,
which failed in simple cases where a stored procedure is implemented as a
single statement, and used in a multi query.

With this fix:
- the character ';' is always parsed as a ';' token in the lexer,
- parsing multi queries is implemented in the parser, in the 'query:' rules,
- the value of thd->client_capabilities, which is the capabilities
  negotiated between the client and the server during bootstrap,
  is immutable and not arbitrarily modified during parsing (which was the
  root cause of the bug)