Bug#41112: crash in mysql_ha_close_table/get_lock_data with alter table

The problem is that the server wasn't handling robustly failures
to re-open a table during a HANDLER .. READ statement. If the
table needed to be re-opened due to it's storage engine being
altered to one that doesn't support HANDLER, a reference (dangling
pointer) to a closed table could be left in place and accessed in
later attempts to fetch from the table using the handler. Also,
if the server failed to set a error message if the re-open
failed. These problems could lead to server crashes or hangs.

The solution is to remove any references to a closed table and
to set a error if reopening a table during a HANDLER .. READ
statement fails.

mysql-test/include/handler.inc:
  Add test case for Bug#41110 and Bug#41112
mysql-test/r/handler_innodb.result:
  Add test case result for Bug#41110 and Bug#41112
mysql-test/r/handler_myisam.result:
  Add test case result for Bug#41110 and Bug#41112
sql/sql_handler.cc:
  Remove redundant reopen check.
  Set errors even if reopening table.
  Reset TABLE_LIST::table reference when the table is closed.

Bug#41112: crash in mysql_ha_close_table/get_lock_data with alter table

The problem is that the server wasn't handling robustly failures
to re-open a table during a HANDLER .. READ statement. If the
table needed to be re-opened due to it's storage engine being
altered to one that doesn't support HANDLER, a reference (dangling
pointer) to a closed table could be left in place and accessed in
later attempts to fetch from the table using the handler. Also,
if the server failed to set a error message if the re-open
failed. These problems could lead to server crashes or hangs.

The solution is to remove any references to a closed table and
to set a error if reopening a table during a HANDLER .. READ
statement fails.

There is no test case in this change set as the test depends on
a testing feature only available on 5.1 and later.

sql/sql_handler.cc:
  Remove redundant reopen check.
  Set errors even if reopening table.
  Reset TABLE_LIST::table reference when the table is closed.

Both of our own implementations of rint(3) were inconsistent with the
most common behavior of rint() on those platforms that have it: round
to nearest, break ties by rounding to nearest even.

Fixed by leaving just one implementation of rint() in our source tree,
and changing its behavior to match the most common native
implementations on other platforms.

configure.in:
  Added checks for fenv.h and fesetround().
include/config-win.h:
  Removed the incorrect implementation of rint() for Windows.
include/my_global.h:
  Added an rint() implementation for platforms that do not have it.
mysql-test/r/func_math.result:
  Added a test case for bug #15936.
mysql-test/t/func_math.test:
  Added a test case for bug #15936.
sql/mysqld.cc:
  Explicitly set the FPU rounding mode with fesetround().

mysql-test/t/query_cache_28249.test:
  Test depends on process state (not updated under embedded)

slave.

In mixed mode, if we create a temporary table and do some update which switch to ROW format,
the format will keep in ROW format until the session ends or the table is dropped explicitly. 
When the session ends, the temp table is dropped automaticly at cleanup time.
but it checks only current binlog format and so skip insertion of DROP TABLE instructions into binlog.
So the temp table can't be dropped correctly at slave.

Our solution is that when closing temp tables at cleanup time we check both binlog format and binlog mode,
and we could write DROP TABLE instructions into binlog if current binlog format is ROW but in MIX mode.

mysql-test/suite/rpl/r/rpl_temp_table_mix_row.result:
  Test result file.
mysql-test/suite/rpl/t/rpl_temp_table_mix_row.test:
  Test file.
sql/sql_base.cc:
  Didn't do binloging when both current format and default format are ROW.

                  
If secure-file-priv was set on slave, it became unable to execute
LOAD DATA INFILE statements sent from master using mixed or
statement-based replication.
                  
This patch fixes the issue by ignoring this security restriction
and checking if the files are created and read by the slave in the
--slave-load-tmpdir while executing the SQL Thread.

related to the backport of the patch for bug#38719

sql/ha_partition.cc:
  bug#40003, archive does not handle dup_key.

  
Signed integer format specifier forced to print the binlog header with server_id
negative if the unsigned value sets the sign-bit ON.
  
Fixed with correcting the specifier to correspond to typeof(server_id) == ulong.

mysql-test/r/mysqlbinlog.result:
  results changed.
mysql-test/t/mysqlbinlog.test:
  displaying the expected unsignedly formatted server_id value, bug#37313.
sql/log_event.cc:
  Format specifier is corrected to correspond to typeof(server_id).

Updated with the correct error message.

Moved the test case for the bug into a separate file (and restored the 
original innodb_mysql test setup).
Used the new wait_show_condition test macro to avoid the usage of sleep

mysql-test/include/wait_show_condition.inc:
  Bug #42419: new test macro to wait for a row in SHOW to have a certain value.
mysql-test/r/innodb_bug42419.result:
  Bug #42419: test case
mysql-test/r/innodb_mysql.result:
  Bug #42419: revert to the original innodb_mysql test
mysql-test/t/innodb_bug42419.test:
  Bug #42419: test case
mysql-test/t/innodb_mysql-master.opt:
  Bug #42419: revert to the original innodb_mysql test
mysql-test/t/innodb_mysql.test:
  Bug #42419: revert to the original innodb_mysql test

These are only 5.0's fixes being merged.
5.1 and 6.0 Unix-removals will occur in different patches.

Re-enabling mysqlbinlog.test on Windows - removed the use of grep/sed

The problem is that select queries executed concurrently with
a concurrent insert on a MyISAM table could be cached if the
select started after the query cache invalidation but before
the unlock of tables performed by the concurrent insert. This
race could happen because the concurrent insert was failing
to prevent cache of select queries happening at the same time.

The solution is to add a 'uncacheable' status flag to signal
that a concurrent insert is being performed on the table and
that queries executing at the same time shouldn't cache the
results.

mysql-test/r/query_cache_debug.result:
  Add test case result for Bug#41098
mysql-test/t/disabled.def:
  Re-enable test case.
mysql-test/t/query_cache_debug.test:
  Add test case for Bug#41098
sql/sql_cache.cc:
  Debug sync point for regression testing purposes.
sql/sql_insert.cc:
  Remove meaningless query cache invalidate. There is already
  a preceding invalidate for queries that started before the
  concurrent insert.
storage/myisam/ha_myisam.cc:
  Check for a active concurrent insert.
storage/myisam/mi_locking.c:
  Signal the start of a concurrent insert. Flag is zeroed once
  the state is updated back.
storage/myisam/myisamdef.h:
  Add flag to signal a active concurrent insert.

Replaced Unix calls with mysql-test-run's built-in functions / SQL manipulation where possible.
Replaced error codes with error names as well.
Disabled two tests on Windows due to more complex Unix command usage
See Bug#41307, Bug#41308