instead, include handler_rollback in the following per-connection selects

The merge accidentally
omitted the 10.4 commit 472b35c7 and
reverted the 10.5 commit 6e3bd663.

No need to run through all system checks, we already know
it is not possible to authenticate with AF_UNIX socket.

Apply 115fec58 to 10.5

The st_blksize returned by fstat(2) is not documented to be
a power of 2, like we assumed in
commit 58252fff (MDEV-26040).
While on Linux, the st_blksize appears to report the file system
block size (which hopefully is not smaller than the sector size
of the underlying block device), on FreeBSD we observed
st_blksize values that might have been something similar to st_size.

Also IBM AIX was affected by this. A simple test case would
lead to a crash when using the minimum innodb_buffer_pool_size=5m
on both FreeBSD and AIX:

seq -f 'create table t%g engine=innodb select * from seq_1_to_200000;' \
1 100|mysql test&
seq -f 'create table u%g engine=innodb select * from seq_1_to_200000;' \
1 100|mysql test&

We will fix this by not trusting st_blksize at all, and assuming that
the smallest allowed write size (for O_DIRECT) is 4096 bytes. We hope
that no storage systems with larger block size exist. Anything larger
than 4096 bytes should be unlikely, given that it is the minimum
virtual memory page size of many contemporary processors.

MariaDB Server on Microsoft Windows was not affected by this.

While the 512-byte sector size of the venerable Seagate ST-225 is still
in widespread use, the minimum innodb_page_size is 4096 bytes, and
innodb_log_file_size can be set in integer multiples of 65536 bytes.

The only occasion where InnoDB uses smaller data file block sizes than
4096 bytes is with ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tables with KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=1
or KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=2 (or innodb_page_size=4096). For such tables,
we will from now on preallocate space in integer multiples of 4096 bytes
and let regular writes extend the file by 1024, 2048, or 3072 bytes.

The view INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES.FS_BLOCK_SIZE
should report the raw st_blksize.

For page_compressed tables, the function fil_space_get_block_size()
will map to 512 any st_blksize value that is larger than 4096.

os_file_set_size(): Assume that the file system block size is 4096 bytes,
and only support extending files to integer multiples of 4096 bytes.

fil_space_extend_must_retry(): Round down the preallocation size to
an integer multiple of 4096 bytes.

Cover all columns that did not have comments. Adjust docs based off of
MariaDB implementation.

Improve documentation of performance_schema tables by appending COLUMN
comments to tables. Additionally improve test coverage and update corresponding
tests.

This is part of the patch covering newer columns and tables in 10.5.

FTS indexes has a prefix_len=1 or prefix_len=0 as stated by comment in
mysql_prepare_create_table().

Thus, a newly added assertion should be relaxed for FTS indexes.

With this patch, 4-component MSI version can be used, e.g by setting
TINY_VERSION variable in CMake, or by adding a string, e.g
MYSQL_VERSION_EXTRA=-2
which sets TINY_VERSION to 2, and also changes the package name.

The 4-component MSI versions do not support MSI major upgrades, only minor
ones, i.e do not reinstall components, just update existing ones based
on versioning rules.

To support these rules, add DefaultVersion for the files that won't
otherwise be versioned - headers, static and import libraries,
pdbs, text - xml, python and perl scripts Also silence WiX warning
that MSI won't store hashes for those files anymore.

Any modification of buf_pool.page_hash is supposed to be protected
by buf_pool.mutex and page_hash_latch::write_lock(). The buffer pool
watch mechanism of the InnoDB change buffer was violating that
ever since commit b1ab211d (MDEV-15053).

buf_pool_t::watch_set(): Extend the critical section of buf_pool.mutex.

buf_pool_t::watch_unset(): Define non-inline, because
calls are infrequent and this function became larger.
If we have to detach a sentinel from page_hash,
do it while holding both the mutex and the exclusive hash latch.

buf_pool_t::watch_remove(): Assert that the mutex is being held.

buf_page_init_for_read(): Remove some work-arounds for
previously encountered race conditions related to buf_pool.watch.

WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=1510842)
  Write of size 8 at 0x0000067b1e98 by main thread:
    #0 os_file_pwrite(IORequest const&, int, unsigned char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long, dberr_t*) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:2928:2 (mariadbd+0x234c5ac)
    #1 os_file_write_func(IORequest const&, char const*, int, void const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:2963:20 (mariadbd+0x234c019)
    #2 file_os_io::write(char const*, unsigned long, st_::span<unsigned char const>) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:320:10 (mariadbd+0x22eaa50)
    #3 log_file_t::write(unsigned long, st_::span<unsigned char const>) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:434:18 (mariadbd+0x22eb1d8)
    #4 log_t::file::write(unsigned long, st_::span<unsigned char>) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:496:29 (mariadbd+0x22ebb55)
    #5 log_write_buf(unsigned char*, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:614:14 (mariadbd+0x22f1b51)
    #6 log_write(bool) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:755:2 (mariadbd+0x22ed2ec)
    #7 log_write_up_to(unsigned long, bool, bool, completion_callback const*) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:817:5 (mariadbd+0x22eca44)
    #8 log_checkpoint_low(unsigned long, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1734:5 (mariadbd+0x20d37c1)
    #9 log_checkpoint() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1787:10 (mariadbd+0x20cd155)
    #10 buf_flush_wait_flushed(unsigned long) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1867:5 (mariadbd+0x20ccf8f)
    #11 log_make_checkpoint() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1793:3 (mariadbd+0x20cc4c9)
    #12 buf_dblwr_t::create() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0dblwr.cc:216:3 (mariadbd+0x209076a)
    #13 srv_start(bool) /storage/innobase/srv/srv0start.cc:1685:20 (mariadbd+0x256b4aa)
    #14 innodb_init(void*) /storage/innobase/handler/ha_innodb.cc:4188:8 (mariadbd+0x1ed40da)
    #15 ha_initialize_handlerton(st_plugin_int*) /sql/handler.cc:659:31 (mariadbd+0xf7c2b6)
    #16 plugin_initialize(st_mem_root*, st_plugin_int*, int*, char**, bool) /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1463:9 (mariadbd+0x160fedb)
    #17 plugin_init(int*, char**, int) /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1756:15 (mariadbd+0x160f53f)
    #18 init_server_components() /sql/mysqld.cc:5043:7 (mariadbd+0xd71462)
    #19 mysqld_main(int, char**) /sql/mysqld.cc:5655:7 (mariadbd+0xd6ae87)
    #20 main /sql/main.cc:34:10 (mariadbd+0xd661c8)

  Previous write of size 8 at 0x0000067b1e98 by thread T3:
    #0 os_file_pwrite(IORequest const&, int, unsigned char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long, dberr_t*) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:2928:2 (mariadbd+0x234c5ac)
    #1 os_file_write_func(IORequest const&, char const*, int, void const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:2963:20 (mariadbd+0x234c019)
    #2 file_os_io::write(char const*, unsigned long, st_::span<unsigned char const>) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:320:10 (mariadbd+0x22eaa50)
    #3 log_file_t::write(unsigned long, st_::span<unsigned char const>) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:434:18 (mariadbd+0x22eb1d8)
    #4 log_t::file::write(unsigned long, st_::span<unsigned char>) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:496:29 (mariadbd+0x22ebb55)
    #5 log_write_checkpoint_info(unsigned long) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:911:14 (mariadbd+0x22edd4e)
    #6 log_checkpoint_low(unsigned long, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1755:3 (mariadbd+0x20d3a3d)
    #7 buf_flush_sync_for_checkpoint(unsigned long) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1947:7 (mariadbd+0x20d4163)
    #8 buf_flush_page_cleaner() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:2186:9 (mariadbd+0x20cdab1)
    #9 void std::__invoke_impl<void, void (*)()>(std::__invoke_other, void (*&&)()) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:61:14 (mariadbd+0x20c3aaa)
    #10 std::__invoke_result<void (*)()>::type std::__invoke<void (*)()>(void (*&&)()) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:96:14 (mariadbd+0x20c39bd)
    #11 void std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> >::_M_invoke<0ul>(std::_Index_tuple<0ul>) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:253:13 (mariadbd+0x20c3965)
    #12 std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> >::operator()() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:260:11 (mariadbd+0x20c3905)
    #13 std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> > >::_M_run() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:211:13 (mariadbd+0x20c37f9)
    #14 <null> <null> (libstdc++.so.6+0xd230f)

  Location is global 'os_n_file_writes' of size 8 at 0x0000067b1e98 (mariadbd+0x67b1e98)

  Make variable atomic.

  Write of size 1 at 0x0000067abe08 by thread T3 (mutexes: write M1372):
    #0 buf_flush_page_cleaner() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:2366:29 (mariadbd+0x20cea7c)
    #1 void std::__invoke_impl<void, void (*)()>(std::__invoke_other, void (*&&)()) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:61:14 (mariadbd+0x20c3a8a)
    #2 std::__invoke_result<void (*)()>::type std::__invoke<void (*)()>(void (*&&)()) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:96:14 (mariadbd+0x20c399d)
    #3 void std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> >::_M_invoke<0ul>(std::_Index_tuple<0ul>) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:253:13 (mariadbd+0x20c3945)
    #4 std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> >::operator()() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:260:11 (mariadbd+0x20c38e5)
    #5 std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> > >::_M_run() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:211:13 (mariadbd+0x20c37d9)
    #6 <null> <null> (libstdc++.so.6+0xd230f)

  Previous read of size 1 at 0x0000067abe08 by main thread:
    #0 logs_empty_and_mark_files_at_shutdown() /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:1094:6 (mariadbd+0x22eeff3)
    #1 innodb_shutdown() /storage/innobase/srv/srv0start.cc:1970:3 (mariadbd+0x256ffd6)
    #2 innobase_end(handlerton*, ha_panic_function) /storage/innobase/handler/ha_innodb.cc:4265:3 (mariadbd+0x1ee3fc4)
    #3 ha_finalize_handlerton(st_plugin_int*) /sql/handler.cc:595:5 (mariadbd+0xf7bac9)
    #4 plugin_deinitialize(st_plugin_int*, bool) /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1266:9 (mariadbd+0x1611789)
    #5 reap_plugins() /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1342:7 (mariadbd+0x160e17d)
    #6 plugin_shutdown() /sql/sql_plugin.cc:2050:7 (mariadbd+0x1611f42)
    #7 clean_up(bool) /sql/mysqld.cc:1923:3 (mariadbd+0xd67a4c)
    #8 unireg_abort /sql/mysqld.cc:1835:3 (mariadbd+0xd67605)
    #9 mysqld_main(int, char**) /sql/mysqld.cc:5741:7 (mariadbd+0xd6b36a)
    #10 main /sql/main.cc:34:10 (mariadbd+0xd661a8)

  Location is global 'buf_page_cleaner_is_active' of size 1 at 0x0000067abe08 (mariadbd+0x67abe08)

WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=1506937)
  Write of size 8 at 0x0000067ab740 by thread T6:
    #0 buf_page_get_low(page_id_t, unsigned long, unsigned long, buf_block_t*, unsigned long, mtr_t*, dberr_t*, bool) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0buf.cc:2946:8 (mariadbd+0x2014c7f)
    #1 buf_page_get_gen(page_id_t, unsigned long, unsigned long, buf_block_t*, unsigned long, mtr_t*, dberr_t*, bool) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0buf.cc:3047:10 (mariadbd+0x2016216)
    #2 btr_cur_search_to_nth_level_func(dict_index_t*, unsigned long, dtuple_t const*, page_cur_mode_t, unsigned long, btr_cur_t*, ssux_lock_impl<true>*, mtr_t*, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/btr/btr0cur.cc:1613:10 (mariadbd+0x1fb5bff)
    #3 btr_pcur_open_low(dict_index_t*, unsigned long, dtuple_t const*, page_cur_mode_t, unsigned long, btr_pcur_t*, unsigned long, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/include/btr0pcur.ic:439:8 (mariadbd+0x24ddead)
    #4 row_search_on_row_ref(btr_pcur_t*, unsigned long, dict_table_t const*, dtuple_t const*, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0row.cc:1215:7 (mariadbd+0x24dd537)
    #5 row_purge_reposition_pcur(unsigned long, purge_node_t*, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:81:23 (mariadbd+0x24c5369)
    #6 row_purge_reset_trx_id(purge_node_t*, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:748:6 (mariadbd+0x24c90c7)
    #7 row_purge_record_func(purge_node_t*, unsigned char*, que_thr_t const*, bool) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:1174:4 (mariadbd+0x24c8262)
    #8 row_purge(purge_node_t*, unsigned char*, que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:1218:18 (mariadbd+0x24c5af3)
    #9 row_purge_step(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:1267:3 (mariadbd+0x24c5996)
    #10 que_thr_step(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/que/que0que.cc:653:9 (mariadbd+0x23d5298)
    #11 que_run_threads_low(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/que/que0que.cc:709:25 (mariadbd+0x23d3f29)
    #12 que_run_threads(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/que/que0que.cc:729:2 (mariadbd+0x23d3bdf)
    #13 srv_task_execute() /storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1692:3 (mariadbd+0x2562841)
    #14 purge_worker_callback(void*) /storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1864:10 (mariadbd+0x255f361)
    #15 tpool::task_group::execute(tpool::task*) /tpool/task_group.cc:55:9 (mariadbd+0x260a5ca)
    #16 tpool::task::execute() /tpool/task.cc:47:16 (mariadbd+0x260adf6)
    #17 tpool::thread_pool_generic::worker_main(tpool::worker_data*) /tpool/tpool_generic.cc:550:11 (mariadbd+0x25fc590)
    #18 void std::__invoke_impl<void, void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*>(std::__invoke_memfun_deref, void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*&&)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*&&, tpool::worker_data*&&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:74:14 (mariadbd+0x26061b5)
    #19 std::__invoke_result<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*>::type std::__invoke<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*>(void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*&&)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*&&, tpool::worker_data*&&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:96:14 (mariadbd+0x2605f57)
    #20 void std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*> >::_M_invoke<0ul, 1ul, 2ul>(std::_Index_tuple<0ul, 1ul, 2ul>) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:253:13 (mariadbd+0x2605ecb)
    #21 std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*> >::operator()() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:260:11 (mariadbd+0x2605e35)
    #22 std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*> > >::_M_run() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:211:13 (mariadbd+0x2605ac9)
    #23 <null> <null> (libstdc++.so.6+0xd230f)

  Previous write of size 8 at 0x0000067ab740 by thread T8:
    #0 buf_page_get_low(page_id_t, unsigned long, unsigned long, buf_block_t*, unsigned long, mtr_t*, dberr_t*, bool) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0buf.cc:2946:8 (mariadbd+0x2014c7f)
    #1 buf_page_get_gen(page_id_t, unsigned long, unsigned long, buf_block_t*, unsigned long, mtr_t*, dberr_t*, bool) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0buf.cc:3047:10 (mariadbd+0x2016216)
    #2 btr_cur_search_to_nth_level_func(dict_index_t*, unsigned long, dtuple_t const*, page_cur_mode_t, unsigned long, btr_cur_t*, ssux_lock_impl<true>*, mtr_t*, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/btr/btr0cur.cc:1613:10 (mariadbd+0x1fb5bff)
    #3 btr_pcur_open_low(dict_index_t*, unsigned long, dtuple_t const*, page_cur_mode_t, unsigned long, btr_pcur_t*, unsigned long, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/include/btr0pcur.ic:439:8 (mariadbd+0x24ddead)
    #4 row_search_on_row_ref(btr_pcur_t*, unsigned long, dict_table_t const*, dtuple_t const*, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0row.cc:1215:7 (mariadbd+0x24dd537)
    #5 row_purge_reposition_pcur(unsigned long, purge_node_t*, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:81:23 (mariadbd+0x24c5369)
    #6 row_purge_reset_trx_id(purge_node_t*, mtr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:748:6 (mariadbd+0x24c90c7)
    #7 row_purge_record_func(purge_node_t*, unsigned char*, que_thr_t const*, bool) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:1174:4 (mariadbd+0x24c8262)
    #8 row_purge(purge_node_t*, unsigned char*, que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:1218:18 (mariadbd+0x24c5af3)
    #9 row_purge_step(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/row/row0purge.cc:1267:3 (mariadbd+0x24c5996)
    #10 que_thr_step(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/que/que0que.cc:653:9 (mariadbd+0x23d5298)
    #11 que_run_threads_low(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/que/que0que.cc:709:25 (mariadbd+0x23d3f29)
    #12 que_run_threads(que_thr_t*) /storage/innobase/que/que0que.cc:729:2 (mariadbd+0x23d3bdf)
    #13 trx_purge(unsigned long, bool) /storage/innobase/trx/trx0purge.cc:1271:2 (mariadbd+0x25841b4)
    #14 srv_do_purge(unsigned long*) /storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1784:20 (mariadbd+0x2563224)
    #15 purge_coordinator_callback_low() /storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1881:35 (mariadbd+0x2562b3b)
    #16 purge_coordinator_callback(void*) /storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1910:3 (mariadbd+0x255f4ab)
    #17 tpool::task_group::execute(tpool::task*) /tpool/task_group.cc:55:9 (mariadbd+0x260a5ca)
    #18 tpool::task::execute() /tpool/task.cc:47:16 (mariadbd+0x260adf6)
    #19 tpool::thread_pool_generic::worker_main(tpool::worker_data*) /tpool/tpool_generic.cc:550:11 (mariadbd+0x25fc590)
    #20 void std::__invoke_impl<void, void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*>(std::__invoke_memfun_deref, void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*&&)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*&&, tpool::worker_data*&&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:74:14 (mariadbd+0x26061b5)
    #21 std::__invoke_result<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*>::type std::__invoke<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*>(void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*&&)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*&&, tpool::worker_data*&&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:96:14 (mariadbd+0x2605f57)
    #22 void std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*> >::_M_invoke<0ul, 1ul, 2ul>(std::_Index_tuple<0ul, 1ul, 2ul>) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:253:13 (mariadbd+0x2605ecb)
    #23 std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*> >::operator()() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:260:11 (mariadbd+0x2605e35)
    #24 std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (tpool::thread_pool_generic::*)(tpool::worker_data*), tpool::thread_pool_generic*, tpool::worker_data*> > >::_M_run() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:211:13 (mariadbd+0x2605ac9)
    #25 <null> <null> (libstdc++.so.6+0xd230f)

  Location is global 'buf_dbg_counter' of size 8 at 0x0000067ab740 (mariadbd+0x67ab740)

  The obvious fix is to make counter atomic.

WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=1503350)
  Write of size 8 at 0x0000067b1f20 by thread T3:
    #0 os_file_sync_posix(int) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:895:5 (mariadbd+0x23493f6)
    #1 os_file_flush_func(int) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:983:8 (mariadbd+0x2349204)
    #2 file_os_io::flush() /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:326:10 (mariadbd+0x22eaaa9)
    #3 log_file_t::flush() /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:440:18 (mariadbd+0x22eb2d0)
    #4 log_t::file::flush() /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:507:29 (mariadbd+0x22ebe69)
    #5 log_write_flush_to_disk_low(unsigned long) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:629:17 (mariadbd+0x22ed3f3)
    #6 log_write_up_to(unsigned long, bool, bool, completion_callback const*) /storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:829:3 (mariadbd+0x22ecb04)
    #7 log_checkpoint_low(unsigned long, unsigned long) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1734:5 (mariadbd+0x20d37f1)
    #8 buf_flush_sync_for_checkpoint(unsigned long) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1947:7 (mariadbd+0x20d4193)
    #9 buf_flush_page_cleaner() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:2186:9 (mariadbd+0x20cdad7)
    #10 void std::__invoke_impl<void, void (*)()>(std::__invoke_other, void (*&&)()) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:61:14 (mariadbd+0x20c3aaa)
    #11 std::__invoke_result<void (*)()>::type std::__invoke<void (*)()>(void (*&&)()) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:96:14 (mariadbd+0x20c39bd)
    #12 void std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> >::_M_invoke<0ul>(std::_Index_tuple<0ul>) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:253:13 (mariadbd+0x20c3965)
    #13 std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> >::operator()() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:260:11 (mariadbd+0x20c3905)
    #14 std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)()> > >::_M_run() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:211:13 (mariadbd+0x20c37f9)
    #15 <null> <null> (libstdc++.so.6+0xd230f)

  Previous write of size 8 at 0x0000067b1f20 by main thread:
    #0 os_file_sync_posix(int) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:895:5 (mariadbd+0x23493f6)
    #1 os_file_flush_func(int) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:983:8 (mariadbd+0x2349204)
    #2 fil_space_t::flush_low() /storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:504:5 (mariadbd+0x205cad5)
    #3 fil_flush_file_spaces() /storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:2947:13 (mariadbd+0x206523f)
    #4 log_checkpoint() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1777:5 (mariadbd+0x20cd069)
    #5 buf_flush_wait_flushed(unsigned long) /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1867:5 (mariadbd+0x20ccf95)
    #6 log_make_checkpoint() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1793:3 (mariadbd+0x20cc4c9)
    #7 buf_dblwr_t::create() /storage/innobase/buf/buf0dblwr.cc:216:3 (mariadbd+0x209076a)
    #8 srv_start(bool) /storage/innobase/srv/srv0start.cc:1685:20 (mariadbd+0x256b514)
    #9 innodb_init(void*) /storage/innobase/handler/ha_innodb.cc:4188:8 (mariadbd+0x1ed406a)
    #10 ha_initialize_handlerton(st_plugin_int*) /sql/handler.cc:659:31 (mariadbd+0xf7c246)
    #11 plugin_initialize(st_mem_root*, st_plugin_int*, int*, char**, bool) /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1463:9 (mariadbd+0x160fe6b)
    #12 plugin_init(int*, char**, int) /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1756:15 (mariadbd+0x160f4cf)
    #13 init_server_components() /sql/mysqld.cc:5043:7 (mariadbd+0xd713f2)
    #14 mysqld_main(int, char**) /sql/mysqld.cc:5655:7 (mariadbd+0xd6ae17)
    #15 main /sql/main.cc:34:10 (mariadbd+0xd66158)

This is a correct report by TSAN for an obvious case: unprotected global
counter. Fix it by making counter std::atomic.

Make sure the #line directives contain existing source file  sql_yacc.yy.
Before the patch #line directive would point out to non-existing path in
current build directory.

  Read of size 8 at 0x7fecf2e75fc8 by thread T2 (mutexes: write M1318):
    #0 tpool::thread_pool_generic::submit_task(tpool::task*) /tpool/tpool_generic.cc:823:9 (mariadbd+0x25fd2d2)
    #1 (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring::thread_routine((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*) /tpool/aio_liburing.cc:173:20 (mariadbd+0x260b21b)
    #2 void std::__invoke_impl<void, void (*)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*>(std::__invoke_other, void (*&&)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*&&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:61:14 (mariadbd+0x260c62a)
    #3 std::__invoke_result<void (*)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*>::type std::__invoke<void (*)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*>(void (*&&)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*&&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/invoke.h:96:14 (mariadbd+0x260c4ba)
    #4 void std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*> >::_M_invoke<0ul, 1ul>(std::_Index_tuple<0ul, 1ul>) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:253:13 (mariadbd+0x260c442)
    #5 std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*> >::operator()() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:260:11 (mariadbd+0x260c3c5)
    #6 std::thread::_State_impl<std::thread::_Invoker<std::tuple<void (*)((anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*), (anonymous namespace)::aio_uring*> > >::_M_run() /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/std_thread.h:211:13 (mariadbd+0x260c189)
    #7 <null> <null> (libstdc++.so.6+0xd230f)

  Previous write of size 8 at 0x7fecf2e75fc8 by main thread:
    #0 tpool::task::task(void (*)(void*), void*, tpool::task_group*) /tpool/task.cc:40:46 (mariadbd+0x260a138)
    #1 tpool::aiocb::aiocb() /tpool/tpool.h:147:13 (mariadbd+0x2355943)
    #2 void std::_Construct<tpool::aiocb>(tpool::aiocb*) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/stl_construct.h:109:38 (mariadbd+0x2355845)
    #3 tpool::aiocb* std::__uninitialized_default_n_1<false>::__uninit_default_n<tpool::aiocb*, unsigned long>(tpool::aiocb*, unsigned long) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:579:3 (mariadbd+0x235576c)
    #4 tpool::aiocb* std::__uninitialized_default_n<tpool::aiocb*, unsigned long>(tpool::aiocb*, unsigned long) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:638:14 (mariadbd+0x23556e9)
    #5 tpool::aiocb* std::__uninitialized_default_n_a<tpool::aiocb*, unsigned long, tpool::aiocb>(tpool::aiocb*, unsigned long, std::allocator<tpool::aiocb>&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:704:14 (mariadbd+0x2355641)
    #6 std::vector<tpool::aiocb, std::allocator<tpool::aiocb> >::_M_default_initialize(unsigned long) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/stl_vector.h:1606:4 (mariadbd+0x2354f3d)
    #7 std::vector<tpool::aiocb, std::allocator<tpool::aiocb> >::vector(unsigned long, std::allocator<tpool::aiocb> const&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/11/../../../../include/c++/11/bits/stl_vector.h:512:9 (mariadbd+0x2354a19)
    #8 tpool::cache<tpool::aiocb>::cache(unsigned long, tpool::cache_notification_mode) /tpool/tpool_structs.h:73:20 (mariadbd+0x2354784)
    #9 io_slots::io_slots(int, int) /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:93:3 (mariadbd+0x235343b)
    #10 os_aio_init() /storage/innobase/os/os0file.cc:3780:22 (mariadbd+0x234ebce)
    #11 srv_start(bool) /storage/innobase/srv/srv0start.cc:1190:6 (mariadbd+0x256720c)
    #12 innodb_init(void*) /storage/innobase/handler/ha_innodb.cc:4188:8 (mariadbd+0x1ed3bda)
    #13 ha_initialize_handlerton(st_plugin_int*) /sql/handler.cc:659:31 (mariadbd+0xf7be06)
    #14 plugin_initialize(st_mem_root*, st_plugin_int*, int*, char**, bool) /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1463:9 (mariadbd+0x160fa1b)
    #15 plugin_init(int*, char**, int) /sql/sql_plugin.cc:1756:15 (mariadbd+0x160f07f)
    #16 init_server_components() /sql/mysqld.cc:5043:7 (mariadbd+0xd70fb2)
    #17 mysqld_main(int, char**) /sql/mysqld.cc:5655:7 (mariadbd+0xd6a9d7)
    #18 main /sql/main.cc:34:10 (mariadbd+0xd65d18)

I think the report is incorrect: it's not possible to have such a race
condition. I've checked it by reading the code and putting assertions.
Namely, no aio I/O is possible before the end of os_aio_init().
Most probably it's some bug in TSAN. But the patch fixes around 5 related
reports and this is a step toward TSAN usefullness. Currently it reports too
much noise.

std::unique_ptr is a step toward https://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#r11-avoid-calling-new-and-delete-explicitly
There is no std::make_unique() in C++11, however.

Bug happens when partially indexed CHAR or VARCHAR field in converted from
utf8mb3 to utf8mb4.

Fixing by relaxing assertions. For some time dict_index_t and dict_table_t
are becoming not synchronized. Namely, dict_index_t has a new prefix_len which
is a multiple of a user-provided length and charset->mbmaxlen. But
the table still have and old mbmaxlen and assertion fails. This happens only
during utf8mb3 -> utf8mb4 conversions and the magic number 4 comes from
utf8mb_4_.

At the end of ALTER TABLE (innobase_rename_or_enlarge_columns_cache())
dict_index_t and dict_table_t became synchronized
again and will stay so at all times. For, example, they will be synchronized
on table load and newly added assertion proves that.

Reviewed by: serg@mariadb.com
             daniel@mariadb.org

This could only cause an issue if we got a crash at the very end of a
DDL log execution of an ALTER TABLE. The possible effect would be that
we would get two ALTER TABLE events in the binary log.