MDEV-18806 Synchronize ALTER TABLE EXCHANGE PARTITION and PURGE grammar in sql_yacc.yy and sql_yacc_ora.yy

Timeout values in galera_2x3nodes.cnf made cluster startup
unreliable. Tweaked timeout values for more reliable cluster start.

Fixed restart_parameters in galera_sr_mysqldump_sst.

With wsrep_gtid_mode=ON, the appropriate commit hooks were not
called in all cases for applied streaming transactions.

As a fix, removed all special handling of commit order critical
section from Wsrep_high_priority_service and Wsrep_storage_service.
Now commit order critical section is always entered in ha_commit_trans().

Check for wsrep_run_commit_hook is now done in handler.cc, log.cc.
This makes it explicit that the transaction is an active wsrep
transaction which must go through commit hooks.

The test is based in the testcase attached in Jira MDEV.

When the chosen execution plan accesses a join table employing a range
rowid filter a quick select to scan this range has to be built. This
quick select is built by a call of SQL_SELECT::test_quick_select().
At this call the function should allow to evaluate only single index
range scans. In order to be able to do this a new parameter was added
to this function.

on long unique conflict, set table->file->dup_ref for
engines that support it

MDEV-18747 InnoDB: Failing assertion: table->get_ref_count() == 0 upon dropping temporary table with unique blob

delete update handler clone also for temporary tables

MDEV-18720 Assertion `inited==NONE' failed in ha_index_init upon update on versioned table with key on blob

* update system versioning fields before generaled columns
* don't presume that ha_write_row() means INSERT. It could still be UPDATE
* use the correct handler in check_duplicate_long_entry_key()

MDEV-18722 Assertion `templ->mysql_null_bit_mask' failed in row_sel_store_mysql_rec upon modifying indexed column into blob

don't assert that virtual columns are always nullable

MDEV-18713 Assertion `strcmp(share->unique_file_name,filename) || share->last_version' failed in test_if_reopen upon REPLACE into table with key on blob

close table->update_handler in close_thread_tables().
it's not enough to do it in sql_update.cc only, because
sql_insert.cc can also do updates (REPLACE) and even
sql_delete.cc can (DELETE ... FOR PORTION OF)

MDEV-18712 InnoDB indexes are inconsistent with what defined in .frm for table after rebuilding table with index on blob

when auto-adding a virtual LONG_UNIQUE_HASH_FIELD, fill in
a Virtual_column_info for it, so that fill_alter_inplace_info()
would know we're adding a virtual field (ALTER_ADD_VIRTUAL_COLUMN).

MDEV-18707 Server crash in my_hash_sort_bin, ASAN heap-use-after-free in Field::is_null, server hang, corrupted double-linked list

adjust share->stored_rec_length for LONG_UNIQUE_HASH_FIELD,
just like it's done for normal virtual fields

do it for all key types uniformly. In particular,
don't give "prefix keyseg" treatment for hash keys where
field->key_length() == key_part->length

because they *are* prefix keys, even if long and hashed

MDEV-18767 Port "MDEV-16294: INSTALL PLUGIN IF NOT EXISTS / UNINSTALL PLUGIN IF EXISTS" to sql_yacc_ora.yy

The bug manifested itself when executing a query with materialized
view/derived/CTE whose specification was a SELECT query contained
another materialized derived and impossible WHERE/HAVING condition
was detected for this SELECT.
As soon as such condition is detected the join structures of all
derived tables used in the SELECT are destroyed. So optimization
of the queries specifying these derived tables is impossible. Besides
it's not needed.

In 10.3 optimization of a materialized derived table is performed before
detection of impossible WHERE/HAVING condition in the embedding SELECT.

server shutdown code.

Fix fixes a race condition, if an active connection either writes,
or will be writing to the socket after it is closed.

Previous call to socket shutdown() is fully enough to wake up and idle
connection, so that close_connection is obsolete and dangerous.

Refactored wsrep patch to not use LOCK_thread_count and COND_thread_count anymore.
This has partially been replaced by using old LOCK_wsrep_slave_threads mutex.
For slave thread count change waiting, new COND_wsrep_slave_threads signal has been added

Added LOCK_wsrep_cluster_config mutex to control that cluster address change cannot happen in parallel

Protected wsrep_slave_threads variable changes with LOCK_cluster_config mutex
This is for avoiding concurrent slave thread count and cluster joining operations to happen

Fixes according to Teemu's review

The prtype & DATA_LONG_TRUE_VARCHAR flag only plays a role when
converting between InnoDB internal format and the MariaDB SQL layer
row format. Ideally this flag would never have been persisted in the
InnoDB data dictionary.

There were bogus assertion failures when an instant ADD, DROP, or
column reordering was combined with a change of extending a VARCHAR
from less than 256 bytes to more than 255 bytes. Such changes are
allowed starting with MDEV-15563 in MariaDB 10.4.3.

dict_table_t::instant_column(), dict_col_t::same_format(): Ignore
the DATA_LONG_TRUE_VARCHAR flag, because it does not affect the
persistent storage format.

MDEV-18408 Assertion `0' failed in Item::val_native_result / Timestamp_or_zero_datetime_native_null::Timestamp_or_zero_datetime_native_null upon mysqld_list_fields after crash recovery

The problem happened because Item_ident_for_show did not implement val_native().

Solution:

- Removing class Item_ident_for_show
- Implementing a new method Protocol::send_list_fields() instead,
  which accepts a List<Field> instead of List<Item> as input.
  Now no any Item creation is done during mysqld_list_fields().

Adding helper methods, to reuse the code easier:
- Moved a part of Protocol::send_result_set_metadata(),
  responsible for sending an individual field metadata,
  into a new method Protocol_text::store_field_metadata().
  Reusing it in both send_list_fields() and send_result_set_metadata().
- Adding Protocol_text::store_field_metadata()
- Adding Protocol_text::store_field_metadata_for_list_fields()

Note, this patch also automatically fixed another bug:

MDEV-18685 mysql_list_fields() returns DEFAULT 0 instead of DEFAULT NULL for view columns

The reason for this bug was that Item_ident_for_show::val_xxx() and get_date()
did not check field->is_null() before calling field->val_xxx()/get_date().
Now the default value is correctly sent by Protocol_text::store(Field*).

Disabled GCF-437 which relies on InnoDB redo log size limitation
which does not seem to exist or is increased in MariaDB 10.4.

Require debug sync for mysql-wsrep#215.

Wsrep-lib is now guaranteed to hold the underlying mutex
which is wrapped in lock object passed to Wsrep_client_service
interrupted() call. The library part will now take care of
checking the wsrep::transaction specific state, so it is
enough to check the thd->killed state for the result.

The InnoDB DeadlockChecker::check_and_resolve() was missing a
call to wsrep_handle_SR_rollback() in the case when the
transaction running deadlock detection was chosen as victim.

Refined wsrep_handle_SR_rollback() to skip store_globals() calls
if the transaction was BF aborting itself.

Made mysql-wsrep-features#165 more deterministic by waiting until
the update is in progress before sending next update.

           st_select_lex::pushdown_from_having_into_where upon query
           with impossible WHERE condition

Do not push from HAVING into impossible WHERE

Do not do substitution for best equal field in HAVING conditions.
It's not needed.