Don't compare string literals as it results in unspecified behavior.

mysys/default.c:
  Test for a empty string.

functions
      
Unknown timezone specifications are properly rejected
by the server, but are copied into tz_storage before
rejection, and hence is retained until end of server 
life. With sufficiently large bogus timezone specs, 
it is easy to exhaust system memory.
      
Allocation of memory for a copy of the timezone
name is delayed until after verification of validity,
at the cost of a memcpy of the timezone info. This 
only happens once, future lookups will hit the cached
structure.

for bug #41486. Session max_allowed_packet is read-only
as of MySQL 5.1.31. In addition, the global variable
now has no effect on the current session.

fixed help message


client/mysql.cc:
  fixed help message

Don't throw an error after checking the first and the second arguments.
Continue with checking the third and higher arguments and if some of
them is stronger according to coercibility rules,
then this argument's collation is set as result collation.


mysql-test/r/ctype_collate.result:
  test result
mysql-test/t/ctype_collate.test:
  test case
sql/item.cc:
  Don't throw an error after checking the first and the second arguments.
  Continue with checking the third and higher arguments and if some of
  them is stronger according to coercibility rules,
  then this argument's collation is set as result collation.

                        
When loading dump created by mysqldump tool an error is
thrown saying storage engine for the table doesn't have 
an option.
                        
mysqldump tries to re-insert the data into the federated
table which causes the error. Since the data is already
available on the remote server, mysqldump shouldn't try
to dump the data again for FEDERATED tables.
                        
As stated in the bug page, it can be considered similar
to the MERGE ENGINE with "view only" nature.
                        
Fixed by adding the "FEDERATED ENGINE" to the exception
list to ignore the data.

client/mysqldump.c:
  Fixed check_if_ignore_table() to ignore FEDERATED engine
  when dumping the table data.
mysql-test/r/federated.result:
  Result file for BUG#21360
mysql-test/t/federated.test:
  Testcase for BUG#21360

                   ~40Mb after mysqldump/import 
        
When the input string exceeds the maximum allowed size for the 
internal buffer, batch_readline() returns a truncated string. 
Since there was no way for a caller to determine whether the 
string was truncated or not, the command line client assumed 
batch_readline() to always return the whole input string and 
appended a newline character. This resulted in garbled data 
when importing dumps containing strings longer than the 
maximum input buffer size. 
  
Fixed by adding a flag to the batch_readline() interface to 
signal a truncated string to the caller. 
  
Other minor problems fixed during patch implementation: 
 
- The maximum allowed buffer size for batch_readline() was set 
up depending on the client's max_allowed_packet value. It does 
not actully make any sense, as those variables are not 
related. The input buffer size limit is now always set to 1 
MB. 
  
- fill_buffer() did not always set the EOF flag. 
 
- The input buffer could actually grow twice as the specified 
limit due to insufficient checks in intern_read_line(). 

client/my_readline.h:
  Changed the interface of batch_readline().
client/mysql.cc:
  Honor the truncated flag returned by batch_readline() and do  
  not append the newline character if it was set. Since we can't 
  change the interfaces for readline()/fgets() used in the  
  interactive mode, always assume the returned string was not  
  truncated. In addition, always set the batch_readline()  
  internal buffer to 1 MB, independently from the client's  
  max_allowed_packet.
client/readline.cc:
  Added the 'truncated' argument do batch_readline() to signal 
  truncated string to a caller. 
  Fixed fill_buffer() to set the EOF flag correctly. 
  Fixed checks in intern_read_line() to not allow the internal  
  buffer grow past the specified limit.
mysql-test/r/mysql.result:
  Added a test case for bug #41486.
mysql-test/t/mysql.test:
  Added a test case for bug #41486.

Revised patch incorporating cleaner test code brought up during review.
Removed the use of grep and accomplished same actions via SQL / use of the server.

Runs as before on *nix systems and now runs on Windows without Cygwin as well.

seems to become negative

THD::start_time has a dual meaning : it's either the time since the process
entered a given state or is the transaction time returned by e.g. NOW().
This causes problems, as sometimes THD::start_time may be set to a value
that is correct and needed when used as a base for NOW(), but these times
may be arbitrary (SET @@timestamp) or non-local (coming from the master 
through the replication feed).
If one such non-local time is set there's no way to return a correct value
for e.g. SHOW PROCESSLIST or SELECT ... FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST.
Fixed by making the Time column in SHOW PROCESSLIST SIGNED LONG instead of 
UNSIGNED LONG and doing the correct conversions.
      
Note that no reliable test suite can be constructed, since it would require
knowing the local time and can't be achieved by the means of the current test
suite.

sql/sql_show.cc:
  Bug #22047: make the Time in SHOW PROCESSLIST LONG from 
  LONG UNSIGNED

Since there is more than one duplicate value in the table, when adding the
unique index it is not deterministic which value will be reported as causing a
problem.  Replace the reported value with '' so that it doesn't affect the
results.

	--ignore-table option

mysqldump would correctly omit temporary tables for views, but would
incorrectly still emit all CREATE VIEW statements.

Backport a fix from 5.1, where we capture the names we want to emit
views for in one pass (the placeholder tables) and in the pass where
we actually emit the views, we don't emit a view if it wasn't in that
list.

Took the Xfree implementation (based on the same rewrite as the NDB one)
and added it instead of the current implementation.
Added a macro to make the calls to MD5 more streamlined. 

client/mysqlmanager-pwgen.c:
  Bug #42434: changed to call the macro
include/my_md5.h:
  Bug #42434: use the Xfree implementation
mysys/md5.c:
  Bug #42434: use the Xfree implementation
sql/item_strfunc.cc:
  Bug #42434: changed to call the macro
sql/table.cc:
  Bug #42434: changed to call the macro
tools/mysqlmanager.c:
  Bug #42434: changed to call the macro

      
The copy of the original arguments of a aggregate function was not
initialized until after fix_fields().
Sometimes (e.g. when there's an error processing the statement)
the print() can be called with no corresponding fix_fields() call.
      
Fixed by adding a check if the Item is fixed before using the arguments
copy.

mysql-test/r/explain.result:
  Bug #43354: test case
mysql-test/t/explain.test:
  Bug #43354: test case
sql/item_sum.cc:
  Bug #43354: use the argument list copy only if it's initialized

Changes are due to changes in precision.
Re-record of .result files to account for new server precision.

When disk is full, server may waiting for free space while
writing binlog, relay-log or MyISAM tables. The server will 
continue after user have freed some space. But the error
message printed was not quite clear about the how often the
error message is printed, and there will be a delay before
the server continue and user freeing space. And caused users
thinking that the server was hanging forever.

This patch fixed the problem by making the error messages
printed more clear. The error message is split into two part,
the first part will only be printed once, and the second part
will be printed very 10 times.

Message first part:
Disk is full writing '<filename>' (Errcode: <errorno>). Waiting
for someone to free space... (Expect up to 60 secs delay for 
server to continue after freeing disk space)

Message second part:
Retry in 60 secs, Message reprinted in 600 secs

modifications according to the reviews are included

This is a back port from 5.1 to 5.0.

Fix for BUG 20023: mysql_change_user() resets the value
of SQL_BIG_SELECTS.
  
The bug was that SQL_BIG_SELECTS was not properly set
in COM_CHANGE_USER.
  
The fix is to update SQL_BIG_SELECTS properly.



sql/sql_class.cc:
  Update THD::options with the respect to SQL_BIG_SELECTS
  in COM_CHANGE_USER.
tests/mysql_client_test.c:
  Add a test case BUG#20023.

Backporting patch to 5.0.