MDEV-10880: Assertions `keypart_map' or `prebuilt->search_tuple->n_fields > 0' fail on DISTINCT and GROUP BY constant

add_group_and_distinct_keys() should take into account JOIN::simple_group.

prepare of "fake_select" for union made in JOIN::prepare only if
we do not execute it then before reset, i.e it was for PS prepare
and now required for CREATE VIEW to make global ORDER BY which
belongs to "fake_select" prepared.

https://github.com/percona/percona-xtrabackup/pull/368/commits/72c55f4fc2ba9ede7b960eceb01261ccc339c041

fix a merge mistake

MyISAM only allows online alter if autoincrement didn't change.
MyISAM detects that by comparing new autoinc value from create_info,
with the old one, stored in MYI. But in partitioned tables,
create_info->auto_increment_value is for the whole table, max of
autoinc values of individual MYI partitions. So *some* MYI partitions
will inevitably think that alter table changes auto_increment value
and will deny online alter.

Fix: only compare autoinc values, if the user has used AUTO_INCREMENT
in the ALTER TABLE statement.

MDEV-13012 Assertion `share->error' failed in discover_handlerton upon executing statement with max_session_mem_used = 8192

and
MDEV-13011 Server crashes in THD::handle_condition or Assertion `! is_set() || m_can_overwrite_status' fails upon attempt to connect with max_session_mem_used = 8192

errors when a connection is killed in the
* TABLE_SHARE::init_from_sql_statement_string()
* THD::init()

also, safety-wise, don't check max_mem_used on free() and when some error
was already issued.

it was disabled in mtr tests in 4280b25e

Comment from Codership:-
To fix the problem, we changed the certification logic in galera to treat insert
on child table row as exclusive to prevent any operation on referenced
parent table row. At the same time, update and delete on
 child table row were demoted to "shared", which makes it possible to
update/delete referenced parent table row, but only in a later transaction.
 This change allows somewhat more concurrency for foreign key constrained
 transactions, but is still safe for correct certification end result.

using "show variables", rather than take the value from my.cnf.

"show variables" is more accurate than my.cnf,it also works for parameters
set on the mysqld command line, which is especially important for MTR.

MDEV-12975 InnoDB redo log minimum size check uses detected file size instead of requested innodb_log_file_size

log_calc_max_ages(): Use the requested size in the check, instead of
the detected redo log size. The redo log will be resized at startup
if it differs from what has been requested.

The option was basically duplicating InnoDB functionality.
Persistent statistics can be accessed via the tables
mysql.innodb_table_stats and mysql.innodb_index_stats.

These functions cannot possibly work in MariaDB 10.2, and it is
uncertain if they really work in 10.1 either.

             lock not released after timeout

Release GRL if FLUSH TABLES phase failed.

dict_table_t::thd: Remove. This was only used by btr_root_block_get()
for reporting decryption failures, and it was only assigned by
ha_innobase::open(), and never cleared. This could mean that if a
connection is closed, the pointer would become stale, and the server
could crash while trying to report the error. It could also mean
that an error is being reported to the wrong client. It is better
to use current_thd in this case, even though it could mean that if
the code is invoked from an InnoDB background operation, there would
be no connection to which to send the error message.

Remove dict_table_t::crypt_data and dict_table_t::page_0_read.
These fields were never read.

fil_open_single_table_tablespace(): Remove the parameter "table".

Cover innodb.table_flags with the new innodb_page_size.combinations
32k and 64k.

dict_sys_tables_type_validate(): Remove an assertion that made a
check in the function redundant. Remove the excessive output to
the error log, as the invalid SYS_TABLES.TYPE value is already being
output.

Add a missing #include "sync0types.h" that was removed in MDEV-12674.

Add a test case for corrupting SYS_TABLES.TYPE,
and for ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT, the unused field SYS_TABLES.MIX_LEN
that must be ignored (InnoDB before MySQL 5.5 wrote uninitialized
garbage to this column).

MariaDB 10.0 appears to validate the SYS_TABLES.TYPE properly.
This is a test-only change.

in innodb_read_only mode.

The reason for the hang is that there was no notification received about
completed read io. File handles are bound to completion_port, and there
were no background "write" threads that would be waiting on completion_port,
only 2 "read" threads waiting on read_completion_port were active.

The fix is to use a single IO completion port for all IOs, if
innodb_read_only is set.

fil_crypt_read_crypt_data(): Remove an unnecessary
acquisition of fil_system->mutex. Remove a duplicated condition
from the callers.

When the server is started in innodb_read_only mode, there cannot be
any writes to persistent InnoDB/XtraDB files. Just like the creation
of buf_flush_page_cleaner_thread is skipped in this case, also
the creation of the XtraDB-specific buf_flush_lru_manager_thread
should be skipped.

When a slow shutdown is performed soon after spawning some work for
background threads that can create or commit transactions, it is possible
that new transactions are started or committed after the purge has finished.
This is violating the specification of innodb_fast_shutdown=0, namely that
the purge must be completed. (None of the history of the recent transactions
would be purged.)

Also, it is possible that the purge threads would exit in slow shutdown
while there exist active transactions, such as recovered incomplete
transactions that are being rolled back. Thus, the slow shutdown could
fail to purge some undo log that becomes purgeable after the transaction
commit or rollback.

srv_undo_sources: A flag that indicates if undo log can be generated
or the persistent, whether by background threads or by user SQL.
Even when this flag is clear, active transactions that already exist
in the system may be committed or rolled back.

innodb_shutdown(): Renamed from innobase_shutdown_for_mysql().
Do not return an error code; the operation never fails.
Clear the srv_undo_sources flag, and also ensure that the background
DROP TABLE queue is empty.

srv_purge_should_exit(): Do not allow the purge to exit if
srv_undo_sources are active or the background DROP TABLE queue is not
empty, or in slow shutdown, if any active transactions exist
(and are being rolled back).

srv_purge_coordinator_thread(): Remove some previous workarounds
for this bug.

innobase_start_or_create_for_mysql(): Set buf_page_cleaner_is_active
and srv_dict_stats_thread_active directly. Set srv_undo_sources before
starting the purge subsystem, to prevent immediate shutdown of the purge.
Create dict_stats_thread and fts_optimize_thread immediately
after setting srv_undo_sources, so that shutdown can use this flag to
determine if these subsystems were started.

dict_stats_shutdown(): Shut down dict_stats_thread. Backported from 10.2.

srv_shutdown_table_bg_threads(): Remove (unused).

Problem appears to be that the function fsp_flags_try_adjust()
is being unconditionally invoked on every .ibd file on startup.
Based on performance investigation also the top function
fsp_header_get_crypt_offset() needs to addressed.

Ported implementation of fsp_header_get_encryption_offset()
function from 10.2 to fsp_header_get_crypt_offset().

Introduced a new function fil_crypt_read_crypt_data()
to read page 0 if it is not yet read.

fil_crypt_find_space_to_rotate(): Now that page 0 for every .ibd
file is not read on startup we need to check has page 0 read
from space that we investigate for key rotation, if it is not read
we read it.

fil_space_crypt_get_status(): Now that page 0 for every .ibd
file is not read on startup here also we need to read page 0
if it is not yet read it. This is needed
as tests use IS query to wait until background encryption
or decryption has finished and this function is used to
produce results.

fil_crypt_thread(): Add is_stopping condition for tablespace
so that we do not rotate pages if usage of tablespace should
be stopped. This was needed for failure seen on regression
testing.

fil_space_create: Remove page_0_crypt_read and extra
unnecessary info output.

fil_open_single_table_tablespace(): We call fsp_flags_try_adjust
only when when no errors has happened and server was not started
on read only mode and tablespace validation was requested or
flags contain other table options except low order bits to
FSP_FLAGS_POS_PAGE_SSIZE position.

fil_space_t::page_0_crypt_read removed.

Added test case innodb-first-page-read to test startup when
encryption is on and when encryption is off to check that not
for all tables page 0 is read on startup.

The doublewrite buffer pages must fit in the first InnoDB system
tablespace data file. The checks that were added in the initial patch
(commit 112b21da)
were at too high level and did not cover all cases.

innodb.log_data_file_size: Test all innodb_page_size combinations.

fsp_header_init(): Never return an error. Move the change buffer creation
to the only caller that needs to do it.

btr_create(): Clean up the logic. Remove the error log messages.

buf_dblwr_create(): Try to return an error on non-fatal failure.
Check that the first data file is big enough for creating the
doublewrite buffers.

buf_dblwr_process(): Check if the doublewrite buffer is available.
Display the message only if it is available.

recv_recovery_from_checkpoint_start_func(): Remove a redundant message
about FIL_PAGE_FILE_FLUSH_LSN mismatch when crash recovery has already
been initiated.

fil_report_invalid_page_access(): Simplify the message.

fseg_create_general(): Do not emit messages to the error log.

innobase_init(): Revert the changes.

trx_rseg_create(): Refactor (no functional change).

Removed this output.

commit 1af8bf39 added unnecessary
calls to fil_write_flushed_lsn() during redo log resizing at
InnoDB server startup.

Because fil_write_flushed_lsn() is neither redo-logged nor doublewrite
buffered, the call is risky and should be avoided, because if the
server killed during the write call, the whole InnoDB instance can
become inaccessible (corrupted page 0 in the system tablespace).

In the best case, this call might prevent a diagnostic message from
being emitted to the error log on the next startup.

MDEV-13032: fix galera_new_cluster to be POSIX

Signed-off-by: Daniel Black <daniel.black@au.ibm.com>