Add support for removing the Content-Type header to the S3 engine. This
is required for compatibility with some S3 providers.

This also adds a provider option to the S3 engine which will turn on
relevant compatibility options for specific providers.

This was required for getting MariaDB S3 engine to work with "Huawei
Cloud S3".
To get Huawei S3 storage to work on has set one of the following
S3 options:
s3_provider=Huawei
s3_ssl_no_verify=1

Author: Andrew Hutchings <andrew@mariadb.org>

The 10.5->10.6 merge commit 3bc98a4e casts the arg to an int16
pointer in set_extraction_flag_processor(). This matched the previous
commit c76eabfb where set_extraction_flag was changed to have int16 arg
instead of int.

The commit a5e4c349 for MDEV-29363 added a call to
set_extraction_flag_processor on IMMUTABLE_FL (MARKER_IMMUTABLE in 10.6).
The subsequent 10.5->10.6 merge f071b762 did not cast the flag
to int16 when merging this change.

The result is big-endian processors cleared the immutable
flag rather than set the flag, resulting in MDEV-29363
being unfixed on big-endian processors.

The functions called in blocks protected by this macro remain
undefined as of 11.5 c96b23f9

It's virtually empty now

Show::Column() was added in MDEV-19772
4156b1a2

handler::pre_calculate_checksum was added in MDEV-16249
be5c432a

get_negated() was introduced in MDEV-16707

sql_cache was moved to lex in MDEV-11953 in
de745ecf

{STRING|INT|REAL|DECIMAL|DATE}_ITEM were replaced with CONST_ITEM in
MDEV-14630 c20cd68e

MDEV-16246 was fixed long ago. And this macro was removed in other
versions too

handler::need_info_for_auto_inc() was added in MDEV-7720 / MDEV-7726
in commit dc17ac16

This macro is unused, and not in 11.5 c96b23f9

This macro is unused

The flag argument was added to handler::start_bulk_insert() in
the MDEV-539 commit
ca2cdaad

new_data is const since at least 2017: a05a610d

handler has can_use_for_auto_inc_init() since at latest 2017:
dc17ac16

HA_EXTRA_USE_CMP_REF is undefined, and remains so as of 11.5
c96b23f9

HA_EXTRA_STARTING_ORDERED_INDEX_SCAN was added latest 2018:
921c5e93

net has thd since 2015 in 56aa1998 for MDEV-6152

arg_count was protected since 2015 in commit
afa17734

unifdef -DSPIDER_HAS_HASH_VALUE_TYPE -m storage/spider/spd_* storage/spider/ha_spider.* storage/spider/hs_client/*

(Variant 4, with @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs, reuse in two
places, and conditions are replaced with equivalent simpler forms in two more)

In best_access_path(), ReuseRangeEstimateForRef-3,  the check
for whether
 "all used key_part_i used key_part_i=const"
was incorrect: it may produced a "NO" answer for cases when we
had:
 key_part1= const // some key parts are usable
 key_part2= value_not_in_join_prefix  //present but unusable
 key_part3= non_const_value // unusable due to gap in key parts.

This caused the optimizer to fail to apply ReuseRangeEstimateForRef
heuristics. The consequence is poor query plan choice when the index
in question has very skewed data distribution.

The fix is enabled if its @@optimizer_adjust_secondary_key_costs flag
is set.

In the bug report MDEV-32817 it occurred that the function
row_mysql_get_table_status() is outputting a fil_space_t*
as if it were a numeric tablespace identifier.

ib_push_warning(): Remove. Let us invoke push_warning_printf() directly.

innodb_decryption_failed(): Report a decryption failure and set the
dict_table_t::file_unreadable flag. This code was being duplicated in
very many places. We return the constant value DB_DECRYPTION_FAILED
in order to avoid code duplication in the callers and to allow tail calls.

innodb_fk_error(): Report a FOREIGN KEY error.

dict_foreign_def_get(), dict_foreign_def_get_fields(): Remove.
This code was being used in dict_create_add_foreign_to_dictionary()
in an apparently uncovered code path. That ib_push_warning() call
would pass the integer i+1 instead of a pointer to NUL terminated
string ("%s"), and therefore the call should have resulted in a crash.

dict_print_info_on_foreign_key_in_create_format(),
innobase_quote_identifier(): Add const qualifiers.

row_mysql_get_table_error(): Replaces row_mysql_get_table_status().
Display no message on DB_CORRUPTION; it should be properly reported at
the SQL layer anyway.

MDEV-33858 Assertion `(mem_root->flags & 4) == 0' fails on 2nd execution of PS with -DWITH_PROTECT_STATEMENT_MEMROOT=ON

Simply adding tests as the bug is fixed with a backport of MDEV-34447

The memory leak happened on second execution of a prepared statement
that runs UPDATE statement with correlated subquery in right hand side of
the SET clause. In this case, invocation of the method
  table->stat_records()
could return the zero value that results in going into the 'if' branch
that handles impossible where condition. The issue is that this condition
branch missed saving of leaf tables that has to be performed as first
condition optimization activity. Later the PS statement memory root
is marked as read only on finishing first time execution of the prepared
statement. Next time the same statement is executed it hits the assertion
on attempt to allocate a memory on the PS memory root marked as read only.
This memory allocation takes place by the sequence of the following
invocations:
 Prepared_statement::execute
  mysql_execute_command
   Sql_cmd_dml::execute
    Sql_cmd_update::execute_inner
     Sql_cmd_update::update_single_table
      st_select_lex::save_leaf_tables
       List<TABLE_LIST>::push_back

To fix the issue, add the flag SELECT_LEX::leaf_tables_saved to control
whether the method SELECT_LEX::save_leaf_tables() has to be called or
it has been already invoked and no more invocation required.

Similar issue could take place on running the DELETE statement with
the LIMIT clause in PS/SP mode. The reason of memory leak is the same as for
UPDATE case and be fixed in the same way.

From e735cf2ed7cefb2af36f10f3cb47dfc060789df3, the PCRE_INCLUDES
changed to PCRE_INCLUDE_DIRS for consistency.

The columnstore module depends on the old name.

Create a mapping for the columnstore submodule.

10.6+ fix for submodule is:
* https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/mariadb-columnstore-engine/pull/3304

Taking both the FreeBSD[1] and Alpine[1] patch concepts;

provide non-GLIBC definations for HMT_*.

Provide FreeBSD ASM base for __ppc_get_timebase.
On alternately use __builtin_ppc_get_timebase which is described
on https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Basic-PowerPC-Built-in-Functions-Available-on-all-Configurations.html
an not depended on glibc/musl.

[1] https://github.com/freebsd/freebsd-ports/blob/15d22e1c70da81aaa5751ad0d82f92e9451c4d81/databases/mariadb106-server/files/patch-include_my__cpu.h
[2] https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/blob/master/main/mariadb/ppc-remove-glibc-dep.patch