MDEV-15079: Parameter array operation inserts wrong values in autoincrement field if indicator was specified

test added (bug is fixed)

The field undo_rseg_space was only used in a debug check.

trx_roll_check_undo_rec_ordering(): Remove.

It has been done to demonstrate that the fix of this bug is good for 10.3
as well. The previous test case is not good for this purpose because
10.2 and 10.3 use different rules for determining the types of recursive
CTEs.

Pool::mem_free(): Poison the freed memory. Assert that it was
fully initialized, because the reuse of trx_t objects will
assume that the objects were previously initialized.

Pool::~Pool(), Pool::get(): Unpoison the allocated memory,
and mark it initialized.

trx_free(): After invoking Pool::mem_free(), unpoison
trx_t::mutex and trx_t::undo_mutex, because MutexMonitor
will access these even for freed trx_t objects.

Modern compilers (such as GCC 8) emit warnings that the
'register' keyword is deprecated and not valid C++17.

Let us remove most use of the 'register' keyword.
Code in 'extra/' is not touched.

Apply the contributed patch from
MySQL Bug #89126 create table panic on innobase_parse_hint_from_comment
by Yan Huang.

- Allow NOT NULL constraint to replace the NULL value in the row with
explicit or implicit default value.

- If the default value is non-const value then inplace alter won't
support it.

- ALTER IGNORE will ignore the error if the concurrent DML contains
NULL value.

Merge branch '10.2-MDEV-10814-dont-dump-query-cache' of https://github.com/grooverdan/mariadb-server into grooverdan-10.2-MDEV-10814-dont-dump-query-cache

xb_assign_undo_space_start(): Correctly pass the length of
the buffer, so that the file name will not be truncated.

dict_load_table_low(): When flagging an error, assign *table = NULL.
Failure to do so could cause a crash if an error was flagged when
accessing INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_SYS_TABLES.

This patch does the following:

1. Makes Field_vers_trx_id::type_handler() return
  &type_handler_vers_trx_id rather than &type_handler_longlong.
  Fixes Item_func::convert_const_compared_to_int_field() to
  test field_item->type_handler() against &type_handler_vers_trx_id,
  instead of testing field_item->vers_trx_id().

2. Removes VERS_TRX_ID related code from
  Type_handler_hybrid_field_type::aggregate_for_comparison(),
  because "BIGINT UNSIGNED GENERATED ALWAYS AS ROW {START|END}"
  columns behave just like a BIGINT in a regular comparison,
  i.e. when not inside AS OF.

3. Removes
   - Type_handler_hybrid_field_type::m_vers_trx_id;
   - Type_handler_hybrid_field_type::m_flags;
  because a "BIGINT UNSIGNED GENERATED ALWAYS AS ROW {START|END}"
  behaves like a regular BIGINT column when in UNION.

4. Removes Field::vers_trx_id(), Item::vers_trx_id(), Item::field_flags()
  They are not needed anymore. See N1.

MDEV-15948 Fix error "Lost connection to MySQL server..." in test gal…

MDEV-13232: Assertion `(&(&share->intern_lock)->m_mutex)->count > 0 && pthread_equal(pthread_self(), (&(&share->intern_lock)->m_mutex)->thread)' failed in _ma_state_info_write

Limit length of result of "negative" operation to something reasonable

fil_space_t::n_pending_ops, n_pending_ios: Use a combination of
fil_system.mutex and atomic memory access for protection.

fil_space_t::release(): Replaces fil_space_release().
Does not acquire fil_system.mutex.

fil_space_t::release_for_io(): Replaces fil_space_release_for_io().
Does not acquire fil_system.mutex.

xtrabackup_apply_delta(): Refer to fil_system.sys_space directly.

While the test case crashes a MariaDB 10.2 debug build only,
let us apply the fix to the earliest applicable MariaDB series (10.0)
to avoid any data corruption on a table-rebuilding ALTER TABLE
using ALGORITHM=INPLACE.

innobase_create_key_defs(): Use altered_table->s->primary_key
when a new primary key is being created.

* Increased timeout counter in galera_wait_ready.inc

* Replaced useless include/wait_until_ready.inc after start_mysqld.inc
  in galera_st_*.inc with wait_condition on cluster size.

MDEV-15374 Server hangs and aborts with long semaphore wait or assertion `len < ((ulint) srv_page_size)' fails in trx_undo_rec_copy upon ROLLBACK on temporary table

Problem:
=======
InnoDB cleans all temporary undo logs during commit. During rollback
of secondary index entry, InnoDB tries to build the previous version
of clustered index. It leads to access of freed undo page during
previous transaction commit and it leads to undo log corruption.

Solution:
=========
During rollback, temporary undo logs should not try to build
the previous version of the record.

Problems:

1. Unlike Item_field::fix_fields(),
  Item_sum_sp::fix_length_and_dec() and Item_func_sp::fix_length_and_dec()
  did not run the code which resided in adjust_max_effective_column_length(),
  therefore they did not extend max_length for the integer return data types
  from the user-specified length to the maximum length according to
  the data type capacity.

2. The code in adjust_max_effective_column_length() was not correct
   for TEXT data, because Field_blob::max_display_length()
   multiplies to mbmaxlen. So TEXT variants were unintentionally
   promoted to the next longer data type for multi-byte character
   sets: TINYTEXT->TEXT, TEXT->MEDIUMTEXT, MEDIUMTEXT->LONGTEXT.

3. Item_sum_sp::create_table_field_from_handler()
   Item_func_sp::create_table_field_from_handler()
   erroneously called tmp_table_field_from_field_type(),
   which converted VARCHAR(>512) to TEXT variants.
   So "CREATE..SELECT spfunc()" erroneously converted
   VARCHAR to TEXT. This was wrong, because stored
   functions have explicitly declared data types,
   which should be preserved.

Solution:

- Removing Type_std_attributes(const Field *)
  and using instead Type_std_attributes::set() in combination
  with field->type_str_attributes() all around the code, e.g.:
     Type_std_attributes::set(field->type_std_attributes())

  These two ways of copying attributes from a Field
  to an Item duplicated each other, and were slightly
  different in how to mix max_length and mbmaxlen.

- Removing adjust_max_effective_column_length() and
  fixing Field::type_std_attributes() to do all necessary
  type-specific calculations , so no further adjustments
  is needed.
  Field::type_std_attributes() is now called from all affected methods:
   Item_field::fix_fields()
   Item_sum_sp::fix_length_and_dec()
   Item_func_sp::fix_length_and_dec()
  This fixes the problem N1.

- Making Field::type_std_attributes() virtual, to make
  sure that type-specific adjustments a properly done
  by individual Field_xxx classes. Implementing
  Field_blob::type_std_attributes() in the way that
  no TEXT promotion is done.
  This fixes the problem N2.

- Fixing Item_sum_sp::create_table_field_from_handler()
  Item_func_sp::create_table_field_from_handler() to
  call create_table_field_from_handler() instead of
  tmp_table_field_from_field_type() to avoid
  VARCHAR->TEXT conversion on "CREATE..SELECT spfunc()".

- Recording mysql-test/suite/compat/oracle/r/sp-param.result
  as "CREATE..SELECT spfunc()" now correctly
  preserve the data type as specified in the RETURNS clause.

- Adding new tests

MDEV-15929 Fix lock wait timeout on `SELECT @@GLOBAL.WSREP_ON`

MDEV-15971 Split the code for CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH and CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH into methods in Field

The function st_select_lex_unit::get_column_types() should
take into account that a unit may contain only a table
value constructor and nothing more.

Fixed by MDEV-15902, just added the test case for this issue.