In commit c7d04487 (MDEV-15132)
MariaDB Server 10.3 stopped writing the latest transaction identifier
to the TRX_SYS page. Instead, the transaction identifier will be
recovered from undo log pages.

Unfortunately, before commit 3926673c
and mysql/mysql-server@dc29792ff2996aefbb6e64bb2f0bc3aa8fc879e9
(MySQL 5.1.48 or MariaDB 5.1.48) InnoDB did not always initialize all
data fields, but some garbage could be left behind in unused parts
of data pages.

In undo log pages that are essentially free, but added to a list for
reuse (TRX_UNDO_CACHED) the TRX_UNDO_TRX_NO fields could contain garbage,
instead of 0. As long as such undo pages are being reused and never
marked completely free, the garbage contents may remain forever.
In fact, the function trx_undo_header_create() and the record
MLOG_UNDO_HDR_CREATE will only initialize TRX_UNDO_TRX_ID, but leave
TRX_UNDO_TRX_NO uninitialized.

trx_undo_mem_create_at_db_start(): Only read the TRX_UNDO_TRX_NO
fields of TRX_UNDO_CACHED pages if the TRX_UNDO_PAGE_TYPE is 0,
that is, the page was updated by MariaDB Server 10.3. Earlier versions
would always write the TRX_UNDO_PAGE_TYPE as 1 or 2.

trx_undo_header_create(): Zero out the TRX_UNDO_TRX_NO field.
Strictly speaking, this will change the semantics of the
MLOG_UNDO_HDR_CREATE record, but it should not do any harm to
overwrite a potentially garbage field with zeroes.

Note: This fix will only help future upgrades straight from
MariaDB Server 10.2 or MySQL 5.6 or earlier. If such an upgrade has
already been made, then an earlier server startup could have
fast-forwarded the transaction ID sequence to a large value.
If this large value cannot be represented in 48 bits (the size of
the DB_TRX_ID column in clustered index records), then various
strange things can happen.

DEBUG_SYNC signals can get lost in certain tests due to later
DEBUG_SYNC commands overwriting them. This patch addresses
these issues in three tests: main.query_cache_debug,
main.partition_debug_sync, and
rpl.rpl_dump_request_retry_warning.

Additionally, main.partition_debug_sync needed changes to the
result file (the others did not). The synchronization happened
between two commands, one based on ALTER, the other on DROP.
A new thread/connection was needed to synchronize the DEBUG_SYNC
actions between these commands, thereby changing the result file.
Additional comments were added for clarification.

Reviewed By:
============
Andrei Elkin <andrei.elkin@mariadb.com>

- Make innodb_ft_cache_size & innodb_ft_total_cache_size are dynamic
variable and increase the maximum value of innodb_ft_cache_size to
512MB for 32-bit system and 1 TB for 64-bit system and set
innodb_ft_total_cache_size maximum value to 1 TB for 64-bit system.

- Print warning if the fts cache exceeds the innodb_ft_cache_size
and also unlock the cache if fts cache memory reduces less than
innodb_ft_cache_size.

- In 10.6, trx_rseg_t mutex was ported to use latch. As part of this porting
  profiling of the patch was removed. This patch reenables it given that
  the said latch continues to occupy the top-slots in the contention list.

Order by results in MTR test to make it predictable.

Disable some tests that are too slow or big for MSAN.

This commit adds validation of the values of the ssl-mode parameter
in SSL scripts, since now only a basic check for the presence of the
"VERIFY_" prefix is performed there to detect "VERIFY_IDENTITY" and
"VERIFY_CA", but all other values are not checked at all.

In addition, this commit removes leading and trailing spaces from
parameter values that SST scripts read from configuration files or
from the command line so that they do not interfere with parameter
checks and substitutions. Parameter substitution has been made more
robust against characters in strings that the shell might erroneously
interpret as regexp.

When recovery is rolling back an incomplete instant DROP COLUMN
operation, it may access non-existing fields. Let us avoid
invoking std::find_if() outside the valid bounds of the array.

This bug was reproduced with the Random Query Generator, using a
combination of instant DROP, ADD...FIRST, CHANGE (renaming a column).
Unfortunately, we were unable to create an mtr test case for
reproducing this, despite spending considerable effort on it.

In commit aaef2e1d (MDEV-27058)
we failed to introduce a special copy constructor that would
preserve the "page_zip_des_t::fix" field that only exists there
in order to avoid alignment loss on 64-bit systems.

page_zip_copy_recs(): Invoke the special copy constructor.

The block descriptor corruption causes assertion failures when
running ./mtr --suite=innodb_zip while InnoDB has been built
with UNIV_ZIP_COPY. Normally, calls to page_zip_copy_recs()
occur very rarely on page splits.

GCC 12 complains if a reference to an uninitialized object is
being passed to a constructor. The mysql_mutex_t, mysql_cond_t
would be initialized in the constructor body, which is executed
after the initializer list. There is no problem passing a pointer
instead of a reference. The wrapper classes do not dereference
the pointers in the constructor or destructor, so there does not
appear to be any correctness issue.

build sql_builtins always statically

This commit fixes problems due to bugs and quirks in bsdtar
(the FreeBSD version of tar). Separate tests are not required,
because without these fixes, many other tests fail when tested
in the FreeBSD environment.

Also, the grep patterns for reading utility version numbers
has been made more robust. The notation of some options of
the "cut" utility has been changed.

This commit adds correct handling of binlogs for SST using rsync
or mariabackup. Before this fix, binlogs were handled incorrectly -
- only one (last) binary log file was transferred during SST, which
then led to various failures (for example, when trying to list all
events from the binary log). These bugs were long masked by flaws
in the primitive binlogs handling code in the SST scripts, which
causing binary logs files to be erased after transfer or not added
to the binlog index on the joiner node. Now the correct transfer
of all binary logs (not just the last of the binary log files) has
been implemented both for the rsync (at the script level) and for
the mariabackup (at the level of the main utility code).

This commit also adds a new sst_max_binlogs=<n> parameter, which
can be located in the [sst] section or in the [xtrabackup] section
(historically, supported for mariabackup only, not for rsync), or
in one of the server sections. This parameter specifies the number
of binary log files to be sent to the joiner node during SST. This
option is added for compatibility with old SST scripting behavior,
which can be emulated by setting the sst_max_binlogs=1 (although
in general this can cause problems for the reasons described above).
In addition, setting the sst_max_binlogs=0 can be used to suppress
the transmission of binary logs to the joiner nodes during SST
(although sometimes a single file with the current binary log can
still be transmitted to the joiner, even with sst_max_binlogs=0,
because this sometimes necessary in modes that involve the use of
GTIDs with Galera).

Also, this commit ensures correct handling of paths to various
innodb files and directories in the SST scripts, and fixes some
problems with this that existed in mariabackup utility (which
were associated with incorrect handling of the innodb_data_dir
parameter in some scenarios).

In addition, this commit contains the following enhancements:

 1) Added tests for mtr, which check the correct work with binlogs
    after SST (using rsync and mariabackup);
 2) Added correct handling of slashes at the end of all paths that
    the SST script receives as parameters;
 3) Improved parsing code for --mysqld-args parameters. Now it
    correctly processes the sequence "--" after the name of the
    one-letter option;
 4) Checking the secret signature during joiner authentication
    is made independent of presence of bash (as a unix shell)
    in the system and diff utility no longer needed to check
    certificates compliance;
 5) All directories that are necessary for the correct placement
    of various logs are automatically created by SST scripts in
    advance (before running mariabackup on the joiner node);
 6) Removal of old binary logs on joiner is done using the binlog
    index (if it exists) (not only by fixed pattern that based
    on the current binlog name, as before);
 7) Paths for placing binary logs are correctly processed if they
    are set as relative paths (to the datadir);
 8) SST scripts are made even more resistant to spaces in filenames
    (now for binlogs);
 9) In case of failure, SST scripts now always end with an exit
    code other than zero;
10) SST script for rsync now correctly create a tar file with
    the binlogs, even if the paths to them (in the binlog index
    file) are specified as a mix of absolute and relative paths,
    and even if they do not match with the datadir path specified
    in the current configuration settings.

This commit adds the missing line to the .result file for compress_qpress
(in the mariabackup test suite).

(Edits by SergeiP: fix encryption.tempfiles_encrypted, re-word comment)

Global ORDER BY clause of a UNION may not refer to 1) aggregate functions
or 2) window functions.  setup_order() checked for #1 but not for #2.

If this char[] is not zeroed out, inaccurate log message described in
MDEV-27394 will show up.

SELECTs inside a UNION can have window function but not the global ORDER BY clause of the UNION.