recv_log_recover_10_4(): Widen the operand of bitwise and to 64 bits,
so that the upgrade check will work when the redo log record is located
more than 4 gigabytes from the start of the first file.

ibuf_init_at_db_start(): Validate the change buffer root page.
A later version may stop creating a change buffer, and this
validation check will prevent a downgrade from such later versions.

ibuf_max_size_update(): If the change buffer was not loaded, do nothing.

dict_boot(): Merge the local variable "error" to "err". Ignore
failures of ibuf_init_at_db_start() if innodb_force_recovery>=4.

In commit a03dd94b as well as
mysql/mysql-server@6ef8c343445a26aaf9ebd76d72cf57db44b481f5
the iterations were changed so that the variable "scanned"
would remain 0 when the first list item qualifies for eviction.

buf_LRU_free_from_unzip_LRU_list(), buf_LRU_free_from_common_LRU_list():
Increment "scanned" when a block can be freed.

buf_LRU_free_from_common_LRU_list(): Remove a redundant condition.
Whenever this function is invoked, buf_pool.LRU should be nonempty,
hence something should always be scanned.

Thanks to Jean-François Gagné for reporting this.

The very lightest of load would decimate any buffer pool loading
to ~1 page per second. As seen in MDEV-29343 this resulting in
a load taking over an hour on a high end system.

Since MDEV-26547 the fetching is asynchronous, however the loading
has equal access to the IO as the SQL queries.

This fixes up 0e6f2757 and
6f8fb41f which corrupted the
Chinese and Spanish translations of the changed error message
ER_PARTITION_WRONG_TYPE.

Problem:
========
There is a race condition in binlog.binlog_checkpoint between the
binlog background thread creating a binlog checkpoint event, and the
connection thread binlogging a query event for creating a table.
Because the test outputs the events for validation, the order
between these two events can be different, resulting in a failed
test.

Solution:
========
Instead of outputting the binlog events, use assert_grep to validate
the content of the binlog is correct.

Reviewed By:
============
Andrei Elkin <andrei.elkin@mariadb.com>

A few query cache functions don't use THD pointer
so its removed from their interface.

Fix the regression introduced in
dfb41fdd.

In the restructure of mysql_rm_table_no_locks the early condition
of !frm_error that enabled non_tmp_table_deleted, and hence the
query cache invalidation, was removed.

The query_cache_invalidate1(thd, dbnorm) called after
mysql_rm_table_no_locks depends on the query cache removal
(for unexamined reasons).

Under DROP DATABASE, in mysql_rm_table_no_locks, dont_log_query
is true preventing the late setting of non_tmp_table_deleted
(which retained one of its purposes as a replication deletion
of temporary tables, but not query cache invalidation).

The non_temp_tables_count however can still be used to invalidate
the query cache.

In commit cf552f58 we removed the
function os_normalize_path() and started writing file names to the
InnoDB redo log always using the same path separator, even on
Microsoft Windows.

In commit 685d958e the ability to
recover from previous log file formats was removed. Thus, the log file
can never contain the Microsoft specific path separator and the
conversion code can be removed.

Note: *.isl files may still contain Microsoft Windows path separators.
They will be replaced with standard ones in read_link_file().

it uses C client API, so needs RECOMPILE_FOR_EMBEDDED

The InnoDB change buffer (ibuf.index, stored in the system tablespace)
and the change buffer bitmaps in persistent tablespaces could get out
of sync with each other: According to the bitmap, no changes exist for
a page, while there actually exist buffered entries in ibuf.index.

InnoDB performs lazy deletion of buffered changes. When a secondary
index leaf page is freed (possibly as part of DROP INDEX), any
buffered changes will not be deleted. Instead, they would be deleted
on a subsequent buf_page_create_low().

One scenario where InnoDB failed to delete buffered changes is
as follows:
1. Some changes were buffered for a secondary index leaf page.
2. The index page had been freed.
3. ibuf_read_merge_pages() invoked ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page(),
which noticed that the page had been freed, and reset the change buffer
bits, but did not delete the records from ibuf.index.
4. The index page was reallocated for something else.
5. The index page was removed from the buffer pool.
6. Some changes were buffered for the newly created page.
7. Finally, the buffered changes from both 1. and 6. were merged.
8. The index is corrupted.

An alternative outcome is:
4. Shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown=0 gets into an infinite loop.

An alternative scenario is:
3. ibuf_set_bitmap_for_bulk_load() reset the IBUF_BITMAP_BUFFERED bit
but did not delete the ibuf.index records for that page number.

The shutdown hang was already once fixed in
commit d7a24017, refactored for
10.5 in commit 77e8a311 and
disabled in commit 310dff5d
due to corruption.

We will fix this as follows:

ibuf_delete_recs(): Delete all ibuf.index entries for the specified page.

ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page(): When the change buffer bitmap bits
were set and the page had been freed, and the page does not belong
to ibuf.index itself, invoke ibuf_delete_recs(). This prevents the
corruption from occurring when a DML operation is allocating a
previously freed page for which changes had been buffered.

ibuf_set_bitmap_for_bulk_load(): When the change buffer bitmap bits
were set, invoke ibuf_delete_recs(). This prevents the corruption
from occurring when CREATE INDEX is reusing a previously freed page.

ibuf_read_merge_pages(): On slow shutdown, remove the orphan records
by invoking ibuf_delete_recs(). This fixes the hang when the change
buffer had become corrupted. We also remove the dops[] accounting,
because nothing can monitor it during shutdown. We invoke
ibuf_delete_recs() if:
(a) buf_page_get_gen() failed to load the page or merge changes
(b) the page is not a valid index leaf page
(c) the page number is out of tablespace bounds

srv_shutdown(): Invoke ibuf_max_size_update(0) to ensure that
the race condition that motivated us to disable the code in
ibuf_read_merge_pages() in commit 310dff5d
is no longer possible. That is, during slow shutdown, both the
rollback of transactions and the purge of history will return
early from ibuf_insert_low().

ibuf_merge_space(), ibuf_delete_for_discarded_space(): Cleanup:
Do not allocate a memory heap.

This was implemented by Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani
and tested with innodb_change_buffering_debug=1 by Matthias Leich.

fil_name_process(): If fil_ibd_load() returns FIL_LOAD_INVALID,
display the file name and the tablespace identifier.

recv_sys_t::recover_deferred(): If the *.ibd file already exists,
adjust the size to the tablespace metadata. It could be that
in a multi-batch recovery, we will initially recover an all-zero
*.ibd file to a smaller size, and then a fatal error would be
reported during the last recovery batch.

This bug could be worked around by executing the recovery again.
During the initial (failed) recovery attempt, something should have
been written to the first page of the file and the file size should
be recovered by fil_node_t::read_page0().

During crash recovery, recv_sys.apply(true) invokes
mlog_init.mark_ibuf_exist(), which in turn may invoke
recv_sys.apply(true) via the buf_flush_sync() call in
buf_page_get_low(). The simplest fix is to disable the
innodb_change_buffering_debug=1 instrumentation
during crash recovery.

# Conflicts:
#	sql/sql_connect.cc

Remove DBUG_ASSERT that depends on timing.

Remove DBUG_ASSERT, that depends on timing/scheduling to succeed.

trx_mod_table_time_t::write_bulk(): Define non-inline.
There are 2 callers, so this will avoid some code duplication.

trx_t::bulk_insert_apply(): In the inline function, only check for
the condition, and invoke the actual operation in the non-inline
function trx_t::bulk_insert_apply_low().

InnoDB fails to remove bulk store when InnoDB bulk insert
does partial rollback on multiple tables. This memory leak
was revealed by a test case that was added in
commit 505da21e (MDEV-27214).

trx_t::bulk_rollback(): Delete the bulk_store. After this function
finishes execution, trx_t::is_bulk_insert() will not hold and therefore
trx_t::commit_cleanup() will not free the memory.

Alternatively, we could define

trx_mod_table_time_t::~trx_mod_table_time_t()
{
  delete bulk_store;
}

but that would likely introduce a performance regression for the common
transaction commit. Bulk insert is rarely used.

This fix was developed by Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani.

The log overwrite warnings are not being reliably emitted in all
debug-instrumented environments. It may be related to the
scheduling of some InnoDB internal activity, such as the purging
of committed transaction history.