MDEV-15570 Assertion `Item_cache_temporal::field_type() != MYSQL_TYPE_TIME' failed in Item_cache_temporal::val_datetime_packed

remove an assert. TIME value can be used (and cached) in a datetime context

The warning came up post merge and is visible when compiling without
WSREP.

The following INFORMATION_SCHEMA views were unnecessarily retrieving
the data from the SYS_TABLESPACES table instead of directly fetching
it from the fil_system cache:

information_schema.innodb_tablespaces_encryption
information_schema.innodb_tablespaces_scrubbing

InnoDB always loads all tablespace metadata into memory at startup
and never evicts it while the tablespace exists.

With this fix, accessing these views will be much faster and use less
memory, and include data about all tablespaces, including undo
tablespaces.

The view information_schema.innodb_sys_tablespaces will still reflect
the contents of the SYS_TABLESPACES table.

The test will still time out. That should be addressed in MDEV-8139.

srv_last_monitor_time: make all accesses relaxed atomical

WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=12041)
  Write of size 8 at 0x000003949278 by thread T26 (mutexes: write M226445748578513120):
    #0 thd_destructor_proxy storage/innobase/handler/ha_innodb.cc:314:14 (mysqld+0x19b5505)

  Previous read of size 8 at 0x000003949278 by main thread:
    #0 innobase_init(void*) storage/innobase/handler/ha_innodb.cc:4180:11 (mysqld+0x1a03404)
    #1 ha_initialize_handlerton(st_plugin_int*) sql/handler.cc:522:31 (mysqld+0xc5ec73)
    #2 plugin_initialize(st_mem_root*, st_plugin_int*, int*, char**, bool) sql/sql_plugin.cc:1447:9 (mysqld+0x134908d)
    #3 plugin_init(int*, char**, int) sql/sql_plugin.cc:1729:15 (mysqld+0x13484f0)
    #4 init_server_components() sql/mysqld.cc:5345:7 (mysqld+0xbf720f)
    #5 mysqld_main(int, char**) sql/mysqld.cc:5940:7 (mysqld+0xbf107d)
    #6 main sql/main.cc:25:10 (mysqld+0xbe971b)

  Location is global 'srv_running' of size 8 at 0x000003949278 (mysqld+0x000003949278)

WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=27869)
  Atomic write of size 4 at 0x7b4800000c00 by thread T8:
    #0 __tsan_atomic32_exchange llvm/projects/compiler-rt/lib/tsan/rtl/tsan_interface_atomic.cc:589 (mysqld+0xbd4eac)
    #1 TTASEventMutex<GenericPolicy>::exit() storage/innobase/include/ib0mutex.h:467:7 (mysqld+0x1a8d4cb)
    #2 PolicyMutex<TTASEventMutex<GenericPolicy> >::exit() storage/innobase/include/ib0mutex.h:609:10 (mysqld+0x1a7839e)
    #3 fil_validate() storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:5535:2 (mysqld+0x1abd913)
    #4 fil_validate_skip() storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:204:9 (mysqld+0x1aba601)
    #5 fil_aio_wait(unsigned long) storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:5296:2 (mysqld+0x1abbae6)
    #6 io_handler_thread storage/innobase/srv/srv0start.cc:340:3 (mysqld+0x21abe1e)

  Previous read of size 4 at 0x7b4800000c00 by main thread (mutexes: write M1273, write M1271):
    #0 TTASEventMutex<GenericPolicy>::state() const storage/innobase/include/ib0mutex.h:530:10 (mysqld+0x21c66e2)
    #1 sync_array_detect_deadlock(sync_array_t*, sync_cell_t*, sync_cell_t*, unsigned long) storage/innobase/sync/sync0arr.cc:746:14 (mysqld+0x21c1c7a)
    #2 sync_array_wait_event(sync_array_t*, sync_cell_t*&) storage/innobase/sync/sync0arr.cc:465:6 (mysqld+0x21c1708)
    #3 TTASEventMutex<GenericPolicy>::enter(unsigned int, unsigned int, char const*, unsigned int) storage/innobase/include/ib0mutex.h:516:6 (mysqld+0x1a8c206)
    #4 PolicyMutex<TTASEventMutex<GenericPolicy> >::enter(unsigned int, unsigned int, char const*, unsigned int) storage/innobase/include/ib0mutex.h:635:10 (mysqld+0x1a782c3)
    #5 fil_mutex_enter_and_prepare_for_io(unsigned long) storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:1131:3 (mysqld+0x1a9a92e)
    #6 fil_io(IORequest const&, bool, page_id_t const&, page_size_t const&, unsigned long, unsigned long, void*, void*, bool) storage/innobase/fil/fil0fil.cc:5082:2 (mysqld+0x1ab8de2)
    #7 buf_flush_write_block_low(buf_page_t*, buf_flush_t, bool) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1112:3 (mysqld+0x1cb970a)
    #8 buf_flush_page(buf_pool_t*, buf_page_t*, buf_flush_t, bool) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1270:3 (mysqld+0x1cb7d70)
    #9 buf_flush_try_neighbors(page_id_t const&, buf_flush_t, unsigned long, unsigned long) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1493:9 (mysqld+0x1cc9674)
    #10 buf_flush_page_and_try_neighbors(buf_page_t*, buf_flush_t, unsigned long, unsigned long*) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1565:13 (mysqld+0x1cbadf3)
    #11 buf_do_flush_list_batch(buf_pool_t*, unsigned long, unsigned long) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1825:3 (mysqld+0x1cbbcb8)
    #12 buf_flush_batch(buf_pool_t*, buf_flush_t, unsigned long, unsigned long, flush_counters_t*) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:1895:16 (mysqld+0x1cbb459)
    #13 buf_flush_do_batch(buf_pool_t*, buf_flush_t, unsigned long, unsigned long, flush_counters_t*) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:2065:2 (mysqld+0x1cbcfe1)
    #14 buf_flush_lists(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long*) storage/innobase/buf/buf0flu.cc:2167:8 (mysqld+0x1cbd5a3)
    #15 log_preflush_pool_modified_pages(unsigned long) storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:1400:13 (mysqld+0x1eefc3b)
    #16 log_make_checkpoint_at(unsigned long, bool) storage/innobase/log/log0log.cc:1751:10 (mysqld+0x1eefb16)
    #17 buf_dblwr_create() storage/innobase/buf/buf0dblwr.cc:335:2 (mysqld+0x1cd2141)
    #18 innobase_start_or_create_for_mysql() storage/innobase/srv/srv0start.cc:2539:10 (mysqld+0x21b4d8e)
    #19 innobase_init(void*) storage/innobase/handler/ha_innodb.cc:4193:8 (mysqld+0x1a5e3d7)
    #20 ha_initialize_handlerton(st_plugin_int*) sql/handler.cc:522:31 (mysqld+0xc74d33)
    #21 plugin_initialize(st_mem_root*, st_plugin_int*, int*, char**, bool) sql/sql_plugin.cc:1447:9 (mysqld+0x1376d5d)
    #22 plugin_init(int*, char**, int) sql/sql_plugin.cc:1729:15 (mysqld+0x13761c0)
    #23 init_server_components() sql/mysqld.cc:5348:7 (mysqld+0xc0d0ff)
    #24 mysqld_main(int, char**) sql/mysqld.cc:5943:7 (mysqld+0xc06f9d)
    #25 main sql/main.cc:25:10 (mysqld+0xbff71b)

WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=29031)
  Write of size 8 at 0x0000039e48e0 by thread T15:
    #0 srv_monitor_thread storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1699:24 (mysqld+0x21a254e)

  Previous write of size 8 at 0x0000039e48e0 by thread T14:
    #0 srv_refresh_innodb_monitor_stats() storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1165:24 (mysqld+0x21a3124)
    #1 srv_error_monitor_thread storage/innobase/srv/srv0srv.cc:1836:3 (mysqld+0x21a2d40)

  Location is global 'srv_last_monitor_time' of size 8 at 0x0000039e48e0 (mysqld+0x0000039e48e0)

- Mariabackup supports starting undo tablespace id which is greater
than 1.

Define CF_SKIP_WSREP_CHECK only once.

information can be obtained.

        DISKS plugin implementation added to the tree.

mem_heap_create_block(): Poison the payload area until
mem_heap_alloc() unpoisons it.

fil_iterate(), fil_tablespace_iterate(): Replace os_file_read()
with os_file_read_no_error_handling().

os_file_read_func(), os_file_read_no_error_handling_func():
Do not retry partial reads. There used to be an infinite amount
of retries. Because InnoDB extends both data and log files upfront,
partial reads should be impossible during normal operation.

Initialize block.page.zip only once.

PageConverter::update(): Initialize m_page_zip_ptr
as late as possible.
(We should really remove it at some point.)

PageConverter::operator(): Refer to block->page.zip instead of
m_page_zip_ptr.

AbstractCallback::get_frame(): Define static. Refer
to block->page.zip.data directly.

fil_iterate(): Refer to block->page.zip.data directly.

fil_tablespace_iterate(): Initialize block.page.zip.data as soon
as possible.

fil_iterate(): Validate the pages directly.

import_page_status_t, PageConverter::validate(): Remove.

AbstractCallback::filename(): New accessor.

AbstractCallback::is_interrupted(): Replaces periodic_check().

PageConverter::trigger_corruption(): Remove.

Reduce unnecessary inter-module calls for IMPORT TABLESPACE.
Move some IMPORT-related code from fil0fil.cc to row0import.cc.

PageCallback: Remove. Make AbstractCallback the base class.

PageConverter: Define some member functions inline.

		assert on UTF-8 columns

Problem:
=======
(1) Multi-byte character cases are not considered during prefix index
cluster optimization check. It leads to fetch of improper results during
read operation.
(2) Strict assert in row_sel_field_store_in_mysql_format_func and it asserts
for prefix index record to mysql conversion.

Solution:
========
(1) Consider the case of multi-byte character during prefix index
cluster optimization check.
(2) Relax the assert in row_sel_field_store_in_mysql_format_func to allow
prefix index record to mysql format conversion.

The patch is taken from
https://github.com/laurynas-biveinis/percona-server/commit/1eee538087ffcf121c37f844b447ba5480faf081

Refs: MW-245 - changed logic so that in non primary node it is possible to do SET + SHOW + SELECT from information and pfs schema, when dirty reads are not enabled - however, non table selects are not allowed (e.g. SELECT 1)

Refs MW-245 - logic was wrong in detecting if queries are allowed in non primary node. it allowed select with no table list to execute even if dirty reads was not specified

refs MW-245 - allowing USE <database> with dirty reads configuration - fix for logic of setting wsrep ready status

MDEV-12737: tokudb_mariadb.mdev6657 fails in buildbot with different plan, and outside with valgrind warnings

Fixing the test by adding replace column for the rows column in the explain.

MDEV-10991: Server crashes in spider_udf_direct_sql_create_conn - tests in spider/oracle* suites crash the server

The crash occurs due to code that is #ifdef'd out with HAVE_ORACLE_OCI that
pertains to the use of Spider with an Oracle data tier. Enabling this code
eliminates the crash.

The reason that MariaDB needs to support Oracle storage at the data tier is
to help customers migrate from Oracle. It is necessary to build Spider with
the additional build flag -DHAVE_ORACLE_OCI, and install and start Oracle
before running the Oracle test suite or any tests within it. Nevertheless,
if Spider is built normally and Oracle has not been started, these tests
should not cause the MariaDB server to crash. The bug fix replaces the
crash with the following error:
  ERROR 12501 (HY000) at line 4: The connect info 'ORACLE' is invalid

Author:
  Jacob Mathew.

Reviewer:
  Kentoku Shiba.

Learn both valgrind and asan to catch this bug:

  mem_heap_t* heap = mem_heap_create(1024);
  byte* p = reinterpret_cast<byte*>(heap) + sizeof(mem_heap_t);
  *p = 123;

Overflows of the last allocation in a block will be catched too.

mem_heap_create_block(): poison newly allocated memory

cmp_item_sort_string::store_value() did not cache the string returned
from item->val_str(), whose result can point to various private members
such as Item_char_typecast::tmp_value.

- cmp_item_sort_string::store_value() remembered the pointer returned
  from item->val_str() poiting to tmp_value into cmp_item_string::value_res.
- Later, cmp_item_real::store_value() was called, which called
  Item_str_func::val_real(), which called Item_char_typecast::val_str(&tmp)
  using a local stack variable "String tmp". Item_char_typecast::tmp_value
  was overwritten and become a link to "tmp":
  tmp_value.Ptr freed its own buffer and set to point to the buffer
  owned by "tmp".
- On return from Item_str_func::val_real(), "String tmp" was destructed,
  but "tmp_value" still pointed to the buffer owned by "tmp",
  So tmp_value.Ptr became invalid.
- Then cmp_item_sort_string() passed cmp_item_string::value_res to sortcmp().
  At this point, value_res still pointed to an invalid value of
  Item_char_typecast::tmp_value.

Fix:
changing cmp_item_sort_string::store_value() to force copying
to cmp_item_string::value if item->val_str(&value) returned
a different pointer (instead of &value).