MDEV-17913 Encrypted transactional Aria tables remain corrupt after crash recovery, automatic repairment does not work

This was because of a wrong test in encryption code that wrote random
numbers over the LSN for pages for transactional Aria tables during repair.
The effect was that after an ALTER TABLE ENABLE KEYS of a encrypted
recovery of the tables would not work.

Fixed by changing testing of !share->now_transactional to
!share->base.born_transactional.

Other things:
- Extended Aria check_table() to check for wrong (= too big) LSN numbers.
- If check_table() failed just because of wrong LSN or TRN numbers,
  a following repair table will just do a zerofill which is much faster.
- Limit number of LSN errors in one check table to MAX_LSN_ERROR (10).
- Removed old obsolete test of 'if (error_count & 2)'. Changed error_count
  and warning_count from bits to numbers of errors/warnings as this is
  more useful.

log_flush_notify(): Restore the reload of log_requests.start that was
accidentally removed in commit 8c2e3259.

Thanks to Elena Stepanova for a test case (repeatedly running FLUSH LOGS
concurrently with InnoDB write transactions).

buf_page_get_low(): Do not try to re-evict the page if it is
multiply buffer-fixed.

In commit 7cffb5f6 (MDEV-23399)
a livelock was introduced. If multiple threads are concurrently
requesting the same secondary index leaf page in buf_page_get_low()
and innodb_change_buffering_debug is set, all threads would try
to evict the page in a busy loop, never succeeding because the
block is buffer-fixed by other threads.

Thanks to Roel Van de Paar for reporting the original failure and
Elena Stepanova for producing an "rr replay" trace.

rocksdb_checkpoint_request() should call FlushWAL(sync=true) (which does
write-out and sync), not just SyncWAL()  (which just syncs without writing
out)
Followup: the test requires debug sync facility

(This is a backport to 10.5)

The code compares two query plans with identical costs, the plan
with lateral is the same as one without. Introduce a small difference
to cost numbers to prefer non-lateral plan in this case.

- Aborting of fulltext index creation fails to remove the
index from sys indexes table. When we try to reload the
table definition, InnoDB fails with index count mismatch
error. InnoDB should remove the index from sys indexes while
rollbacking the secondary index creation.

- Post push to address 32-bit build failure.

            memory barrier on ARM

As suggested in the said JIRA ticket based on the contribution done by
the community (in an attempt to optimize the spin-loop) the said approach
was evaluated against MariaDB Server 10.5 and found to help improve
throughput in the range of 2-5%.

Note: 10.6 timing graph and model are different as home-brew
mutexes are replaced with pthread mutexes. Said patch has mixed
impact on 10.6 so not recommended for 10.6.

- Importing table operation fails to punch the hole in
the filesystem when page compressed table is involved.
To achieve that, InnoDB firstly punches the hole for
the IOBuffer size(1MB). After that, InnoDB should write
page by page when page compression is involved.

As pointed out by Andrei Elkin, the previous fix did not fix one
race condition that may have caused the observed hang.

innodb_log_flush_request(): If we are enqueueing the very first
request at the same time the log write is being completed,
we must ensure that a near-concurrent call to log_flush_notify()
will not result in a missed notification. We guarantee this by
release-acquire operations on log_requests.start and
log_sys.flushed_to_disk_lsn.

log_flush_notify_and_unlock(): Cleanup: Always release the mutex.

log_sys_t::get_flushed_lsn(): Use acquire memory order.

log_sys_t::set_flushed_lsn(): Use release memory order.

log_sys_t::set_lsn(): Use release memory order.

log_sys_t::get_lsn(): Use relaxed memory order by default, and
allow the caller to specify acquire memory order explicitly.
Whenever the log_sys.mutex is being held or when log writes are
prohibited during startup, we can use a relaxed load. Likewise,
in some assertions where reading a stale value of log_sys.lsn
should not matter, we can use a relaxed load.

This will cause some additional instructions to be emitted on
architectures that do not implement Total Store Ordering (TSO),
such as POWER, ARM, and RISC-V Weak Memory Ordering (RVWMO).

Add condition on trx->state == TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY in order to
avoid unnecessary work. If a transaction has already been committed or
rolled back, it will release its locks in lock_release() and let
the waiting thread(s) continue execution.

Let BF wait on lock_rec_has_to_wait and if necessary other BF
is replayed.

wsrep_trx_order_before
  If BF is not even replicated yet then they are ordered
  correctly.

bg_wsrep_kill_trx
  Make sure victim_trx is found and check also its state. If
  state is TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY transaction is
  already committed or rolled back and will release it locks
  soon.

wsrep_assert_no_bf_bf_wait
  Transaction requesting new record lock should be TRX_STATE_ACTIVE
  Conflicting transaction can be in states TRX_STATE_ACTIVE,
  TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY or in TRX_STATE_PREPARED.
  If conflicting transaction is already committed in memory or
  prepared we should wait. When transaction is committed in memory we
  held trx mutex, but not lock_sys->mutex. Therefore, we
  could end here before transaction has time to do lock_release()
  that is protected with lock_sys->mutex.

lock_rec_has_to_wait
  We very well can let bf to wait normally as other BF will be
  replayed in case of conflict. For debug builds we will do
  additional sanity checks to catch unsupported bf wait if any.

wsrep_kill_victim
  Check is victim already in TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY state and
  if it is we can return.

lock_rec_dequeue_from_page
lock_rec_unlock
  Remove unnecessary wsrep_assert_no_bf_bf_wait function calls.
  We can very well let BF wait here.

Amends 48141f3c

This script is unused and unmaintained.

The logic is implemented in scripts/mysql_system_tables_fix.sql that forms part of mysql_upgrade

Its components:

  alter table mysql.user drop column `password_last_changed`, drop column `password_lifetime`, drop column `account_locked`;

has a friendlier migration path coming MDEV-24122

  alter table mysql.user change column `authentication_string` `auth_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL;

Already part of scripts/mysql_system_tables_fix.sql

  alter table mysql.user add column  `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '' after `user`, add column  `is_role` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N' after `auth_string`;

  alter table mysql.user add column `default_role` char(80) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', add column `max_statement_time` decimal(12,6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.000000';

corrected in MDEV-23201 to be in the right order.

  update mysql.user set `password`=`auth_string`, plugin='' where plugin="mysql_native_password";

Is handled in server in the function acl_load.

Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

Fixes jobs:
- mysql-8.0 Sid to mariadb-10.5 upgrade
- mariadb.org-10.5 to mariadb-10.5 upgrade

Downstream source:
https://salsa.debian.org/mariadb-team/mariadb-10.5/-/commit/8db0e530872fea258e87533349fa83568eeed02d

Fix the following Breaks/Replaces errors detected by Salsa-CI:

  [ERROR] mariadb-server-10.5 conflicts with mysql-client-core-8.0 files:
    {'/usr/bin/myisam_ftdump', '/usr/share/man/man1/myisam_ftdump.1.gz'}
  [ERROR] mariadb-server-10.5 conflicts with mysql-server-core-8.0 files:
    {'/usr/share/man/man1/mysqlbinlog.1.gz',
     '/usr/share/man/man1/myisamlog.1.gz',
     '/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql.1.gz',
     '/usr/share/man/man1/perror.1.gz',
     '/usr/share/man/man1/myisampack.1.gz',
     '/usr/bin/mysqld_safe', '/usr/share/man/man1/myisamchk.1.gz',
     '/usr/bin/myisamchk', '/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation',
     '/usr/bin/mysqld_multi', '/usr/bin/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql',
     '/usr/bin/perror', '/usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_multi.1.gz',
     '/usr/bin/myisampack', '/usr/share/man/man1/mysqld_safe.1.gz',
     '/usr/bin/myisamlog',
     '/usr/share/man/man1/mysql_secure_installation.1.gz',
     '/usr/bin/mysqlbinlog'}
  [ERROR] mariadb-test conflicts with mysql-server-core-8.0 files:
    {'/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/adt_null.so',
     '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/mypluglib.so'}

Upstreamed from Debian packaging commits:
https://salsa.debian.org/mariadb-team/mariadb-10.5/-/commit/9b6a67b53c2adf1bb5497d8649eb079767419835
https://salsa.debian.org/mariadb-team/mariadb-10.5/-/commit/f6d5545a0241de2cda81c878a157517b83378c04

Also:
- remove excess '<< ${source:Version}' on mysql-client-* and mysql-server-*
- move more packages to Conflicts as it is semantically more correct than
  having those packages in Replaces

This reverts commit 44885273.

Reverting this commit is necessary to fix missing-breaks errors in the
Debian packaging. The original fix was also not entirely necessary as a
fix to the original problem.

Partially also reverts commit e7c7f5c1 where this
unsorted debian/control file was sorted.

CREATE/DROP PROCEDIRE/FUNCTION is now treated as DDL.

Starting with MariaDB 10.5, roughly after MDEV-23855 was fixed,
we are observing sporadic hangs during the execution of the
RESET MASTER statement. We are hoping to fix the hangs with these
changes, but due to the rather infrequent occurrence of the hangs
and our inability to reliably reproduce the hangs, we cannot be
sure of this.

What we do know is that innodb_force_recovery=2 (or a larger setting)
will prevent srv_master_callback (the former srv_master_thread) from
running. In that mode, periodic log flushes would never occur and
RESET MASTER could hang indefinitely. That is demonstrated by the new
test case that was developed by Andrei Elkin. We fix this case by
implementing a special case for it.

This also includes some code cleanup and renames of misleadingly
named code. The interface has nothing to do with log checkpoints in
the storage engine; it is only about requesting log writes to be
persistent.

handlerton::commit_checkpoint_request,
commit_checkpoint_notify_ha(): Remove the unused parameter hton.

log_requests.start: Replaces pending_checkpoint_list.
log_requests.end: Replaces pending_checkpoint_list_end.
log_requests.mutex: Replaces pending_checkpoint_mutex.

log_flush_notify_and_unlock(), log_flush_notify(): Replaces
innobase_mysql_log_notify().  The new implementation should be
functionally equivalent to the old one.

innodb_log_flush_request(): Replaces innobase_checkpoint_request().
Implement a fast path for common cases, and reduce the mutex hold time.
POSSIBLE FIX OF THE HANG: We will invoke commit_checkpoint_notify_ha()
for the current request if it is already satisfied, as well as invoke
log_flush_notify_and_unlock() for any satisfied requests.

log_write(): Invoke log_flush_notify() when the write is already durable.
This was missing WITH_PMEM when the log is in persistent memory.

Reviewed by: Vladislav Vaintroub

we need to stop server instance on upgrade, but it may be started either by SysV init script or by SystemD.
this commit adds `mysql` target to `systemctl stop` call.
`mysql` may be the name of initscript or an alias while `mariadb` is
a systemd unit file.

alloc_query() is examined the content of it's argument, which was
uninitalized.
Fixed by storing stmt_id in llbuf, according to code comments.

- jump to label ‘handle_errors’ can enter to the scope of non-POD
  ‘Geometry_buffer buffer2’

CREATE/DROP PROCEDIRE/FUNCTION is now treated as DDL.

- Invalid function name during ER_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_TYPE and ER_GIS_INVALID_DATA

- Cherry-pick 51e48b9f - vscode gitignore
- Thanks Robin Dupret for the review.

Reviewed by:daniel@mariadb.org
            holyfoot@mariadb.com

`mallinfo` is deprecated since glibc 2.33 and has been replaced by mallinfo2.
The deprecation causes building the server to fail if glibc version is > 2.33.

Check if mallinfo2 exist on the system and use it instead.

Use like this: cmake -DWITH_ASAN=ON -DWITH_ASAN_SCOPE=ON