The purpose of the InnoDB doublewrite buffer is to make InnoDB
tolerant against cases where the server was killed in the middle
of a page write. (In Linux, killing a process may interrupt a
write system call, typically on a 4096-byte boundary.)

There may exist multiple copies of a page number in the doublewrite
buffer. Recovery should choose the latest valid copy of the page.
By design, the FIL_PAGE_LSN must not precede the latest checkpoint LSN
nor be later than the end of the recovered log.

For page_compressed and encrypted pages, we were missing proper
consistency checks. In the 10.4 data set generated for in MDEV-23231,
the data file contained a valid page_compressed page, and an
identical copy of that page was also present in the doublewrite
buffer. But, recovery would incorrectly consider the page invalid
and restore an uncompressed copy of the same page that had been
written before the log checkpoint. (In fact, no redo log was to
be applied to that page.)

buf_dblwr_process(): Validate the FIL_PAGE_LSN in the doublewrite
buffer pages, and always skip page 0, because those pages should
have been recovered by Datafile::restore_from_doublewrite() if
necessary.

Datafile::restore_from_doublewrite(): Choose the latest applicable
page from the doublewrite buffer.

recv_dblwr_t::find_page(): Also validate encrypted or
page_compressed pages.

recv_dblwr_t::validate_page(): New function to validate a page,
either a copy in a data file or in the doublewrite buffer.
Also validate encrypted or page_compressed pages.

This is joint work with Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani.

row_vers_impl_x_locked_low(): clust_offsets may point to memory
that is allocated by mem_heap_alloc() and may have been freed.
For initializing clust_offsets, try to use the stack-allocated
buffer instead of a pointer that may point to freed memory.

This fixes a regression that was introduced in
commit f0aa073f (MDEV-20950).

MDEV-18042 Server crashes upon adding a non-null date column under NO_ZERO_DATE with ALGORITHM=INPLACE

accept table_name and db_name instead of table_share in make_truncated_value_warning

Call mark_columns_per_binlog_row_image before find_row() to set up table->vcol_set early,
so the virtual column value will be updated after record read (ha_rnd_pos/ha_index_next/etc)
by table->update_virtual_fields() call

Problem:
========
In row_merge_drop_indexes(), InnoDB drops only the index from
dictionary and frees the index pages but it maintains the index
object if the table is being used by other DML threads. It sets
the online status of the index to ONLINE_INDEX_ABORTED_DROPPED.
Removing the index from dictionary doesn't remove the
corressponding ahi entries of the index. When block is being
reused, InnoDB tries to remove ahi entries for the block and
it fails if index online status is ONLINE_INDEX_ABORTED_DROPPED.

Fix:
====
MDEV-22456 allows the index ahi entries to be dropped lazily.
so checking online status in btr_search_drop_page_hash_index()
is meaningless and should be removed.

trx_rollback_active(), trx_rollback_resurrected(): Replace
an incorrect condition that we failed to replace in
commit b68f1d84 (MDEV-21217).

Removing plugin from the mysql.plugin even if the plugin is not loaded

I run perf top during ./mtr testing and constantly see times()
function there. It's so slow, that it has no sense to run it
in a loop too many times.

This patch speeds up -suite=innodb for me from 218s to 208s.
9s of times() function!

mysql/mysql-server@e00ad49edc8b07317b52c9efd0810f2cbc57877a
which introduced WL#6326 to MySQL 5.7.2 added a buffer page
acquisition to CHECK TABLE code (solely for the purpose of
obeying the changed latching order), but failed to check that
a parent page actually exists. It would not necessarily exist in a
corrupted index where a parent page is missing pointer records
to child pages.

Let us read both encrypted temporary tables to increase the changes of
page flushing and eviction.

FreeBSD's inbuilt default jemalloc means its pointless
to do a package search on it. The paths are already set
by the system defaults.

riscv64 fails to build because the use
of #include <atomic> needs to link with -latomic.

per https://github.com/riscv/riscv-gnu-toolchain/issues/183#issuecomment-253721765

RocksDB fails to build on arm64: undefined reference to
            `crc32c_arm64(unsigned int, unsigned char const*, unsigned int)'

MariaDB uses storage/rocksdb/build_rocksdb.cmake to compile RocksDB.
Said cmake missed adding crc32c_arm64 compilation target so if
machine native architecture supported crc32 then complier would enable
usage of function defined in crc32c_arm64 causing the listed error.

Added crc32c_arm64 complition target.

closes #1642

FreeBSD doesn't have bash installed by default and sh
has sufficient job control for this test.

$  mysql-test/mtr --mem --max-test-fail=30 --force --parallel=1 rocksdb.concurrent_alter
Logging: /home/dan/mariadb-server-10.5/mysql-test/mysql-test-run.pl  --mem --max-test-fail=30 --force --parallel=1 rocksdb.concurrent_alter
vardir: /usr/home/dan/build-mariadb-server-10.5/mysql-test/var
Checking leftover processes...
Removing old var directory...
Creating var directory '/usr/home/dan/build-mariadb-server-10.5/mysql-test/var'...
 - symlinking 'var' to '/tmp/var_auto_P81m'
Checking supported features...
MariaDB Version 10.5.4-MariaDB
 - SSL connections supported

 - binaries built with wsrep patch
Collecting tests...
Installing system database...

==============================================================================

TEST                                      RESULT   TIME (ms) or COMMENT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

worker[1] Using MTR_BUILD_THREAD 300, with reserved ports 16000..16019
rocksdb.concurrent_alter 'write_committed' [ pass ]  16348
rocksdb.concurrent_alter 'write_prepared' [ pass ]  16771
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The servers were restarted 1 times
Spent 33.119 of 41 seconds executing testcases

Completed: All 2 tests were successful.

$ uname -a
FreeBSD freebsd 12.1-RELEASE-p6 FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE-p6 GENERIC  amd64

commit ad6171b9 (MDEV-22456)
introduced code to buf_page_create() that would lazily drop
adaptive hash index entries for an index that has been
evicted from the data dictionary cache.

Unfortunately, that call was missing adequate protection.
While the btr_search_drop_page_hash_index(block) was executing,
the block could be reused for something else.

buf_page_create(): If btr_search_drop_page_hash_index() must be
invoked, pin the block before releasing the buf_pool->page_hash lock,
so that the block cannot be grabbed by other threads.

Removed an unnecessary ifndef which was printing the window name for a named
window only in the case of debug build. The print() for the window function
should behave in the same way on both release and debug builds.

MDEV-14711 Assertion `mode == 16 || mode == 12 || !fix_block->page.file_page_was_freed' failed in buf_page_get_gen (rollback requesting a freed undo page)

Problem:
=======
In buf_cur_optimistic_latch_leaves(), requesting a left block with BTR_GET
after releasing current block. But there is no guarantee that left block
could be still available.

Fix:
====

(1) In btr_cur_optimistic_latch_leaves(), replace the BUF_GET with
BUF_GET_POSSIBLY_FREED for fetching left block.
(2) Once InnoDB acquires left block, it should check FIL_PAGE_NEXT with
current block page number. If not, release cursor->left_block and return
false.

Fixed by new  recording test recording

The sporadic test hangs happen because of mutex dealock between innodb
background threads and two test connection executions.
The test sets variable innodb_disallow_writes, which blocks all writes
to filesyste. The test logic is to execute an INSERT, which should hang
because of filesytstem writes are blocked, and through another session
verify by SELECT that this hanging happens. The SELECT session will then
release innodb_disallow_writes blocking.

However, filesystem write  blocking affects also innodb background threads
and they may hang while keeping some other resources locked.
As an example, in one test hang situation, buffer pool access was blocked.
And, if buffer pool is blocked, the test connections will be blocked as well,
and the SELECT session will not be able to continue to release the
innodb_disallow_writes.

The fix in this commit is refactoring of the test logic.
The test will now set first innodb_disallow_writes blocking, and then record
a hash of data directory's filesystem contents. This works as checksum of the
state of data on the datadirectory.

Then some SQL load is tried on both nodes, these sessions will be blocking
due to frozen file system state. The test will have a short sleep to allow
innodb background threads to loop and possibly encounter innodb_disallow_writes
blocking as well.

After the sleep, the test will record file system checksun for the second time,
and then release the innodb_disallow-writes blocking.

Finally, the two checksums are compared, they should be identical to verify that
nothing was written on datadirectory during the test execution.

The checksum is implemented by md5sum hash over all files found in datadirectory
by find command. all these file hashes are hashed together by one more md5sum.

The test therefore depends on md5sum and find. find may work differently with some
OS distributions, e.g. freebsd may be problematic.

Add wait_condition

Problem:
========
dict_load_table_one() doesn't handle the scenario where clustered
index page is FIL_NULL when DICT_ERR_IGNORE_INDEX_ROOT mode
is set.

Fix:
====
InnoDB should set the file_unreadable when it can't find the
clustered index root page.

- Due to commit fe95cb2e (MDEV-16125),
InnoDB master thread does not need to call srv_resume_thread()
and therefore there is no need to wake up the thread.
Due to the above patch, InnoDB should remove the following dead code.

srv_check_activity(): Makes the parameter as in,out and returns the
recent activity value

innobase_active_small(): Removed

srv_active_wake_master_thread(): Removed

srv_wake_master_thread(): Removed

srv_active_wake_master_thread_low(): Removed

Simplify srv_master_thread() and remove switch cases, added the assert.

Replace srv_wake_master_thread() with srv_inc_activity_count()

INNOBASE_WAKE_INTERVAL: Removed

MDEV-14203: rpl.rpl_extra_col_master_myisam, rpl.rpl_slave_load_tmpdir_not_exist failed in buildbot with a warning

Problem:
=======
rpl.rpl_slave_load_tmpdir_not_exist 'stmt' w3 [ fail ]  Found warnings/errors
in server log file!

Test ended at 2017-09-27 20:34:55
[Warning] Master is configured to log replication events with checksum, but
will not send such events to slaves that cannot process them
^ Found warnings in /mnt/buildbot/build/mariadb-10.2.10/mysql-test/var/3/log/mysqld.1.err
ok
Analysis:
========
When slave tries to connect to master 'get_master_version_and_clock' function
is invoked to perform elaborated slave-master handshake. During this process
slave server queries master server, to know if it is checksum aware and at the
same time master is notified about its CRC-awareness. The master's side
instant value of @@global.binlog_checksum is stored in the dump thread's
uservar area as well as cached locally to become known in consensus by master
and slave.

Post hand-shake slave requests master for binlog dump. It sends
'COM_BINLOG_DUMP'. This command is sent to master by 'cli_advanced_command'
call. If there is some temporary network failure during this request_dump
call, 'end_server' is invoked to close the current connection between master
and slave. Upon connection close the dump thread on the master gets terminated
and it clears the 'uservar' data it got through master-slave handshake.

The 'COM_BINLOG_DUMP' command is sent once again without master-slave
handshake. Since the checksum data is not available with new dump thread a
warning gets reported.

Fix:
===
Upon network write error donot attempt reconnect, proceed to master-slave
handshake. This ensures that master is aware of slave's capability to use
checksums.

__pthread_cond_timedwait() in page cleaner hangs if os time moved
backwards.Workaround could be waking up the page cleaner thread in
logs_empty_and_mark_files_at_shutdown(). But there is possibility that
server could hang when server is running. So InnoDB should wake up page
cleaner thread periodically in srv_master_do_idle_tasks().

There can be multiple MLOG_CHECKPOINT record for the same checkpoint.
During recovery, InnoDB could encounter the previous MLOG_CHECKPOINT
for the checkpoint lsn. So the assertion
mlog_checkpoint_lsn <= recovered_lsn is wrong.

* Allocate items on thd->mem_root while refixing vcol exprs
* Make vcol tree changes register and roll them back after the statement is executed.

Explanation:
Due to collation implementation specifics an Item tree could change while fixing.
The tricky thing here is to make it on a proper arena.
It's usually not a problem when a field is deterministic, however, makes a pain vice-versa, during allocation allocating.
A non-deterministic field should be refixed on each statement, since it depends on the environment state.
Changing the tree will be temporary and therefore it should be reverted after the statement execution.

When InnoDB is extending a data file, it is updating the FSP_SIZE
field in the first page of the data file.

In commit 8451e090 (MDEV-11556)
we removed a work-around for this bug and made recovery stricter,
by making it track changes to FSP_SIZE via redo log records, and
extend the data files before any changes are being applied to them.

It turns out that the function fsp_fill_free_list() is not crash-safe
with respect to this when it is initializing the change buffer bitmap
page (page 1, or generally, N*innodb_page_size+1). It uses a separate
mini-transaction that is committed (and will be written to the redo
log file) before the mini-transaction that actually extended the data
file. Hence, recovery can observe a reference to a page that is
beyond the current end of the data file.

fsp_fill_free_list(): Initialize the change buffer bitmap page in
the same mini-transaction.

The rest of the changes are fixing a bug that the use of the separate
mini-transaction was attempting to work around. Namely, we must ensure
that no other thread will access the change buffer bitmap page before
our mini-transaction has been committed and all page latches have been
released.

That is, for read-ahead as well as neighbour flushing, we must avoid
accessing pages that might not yet be durably part of the tablespace.

fil_space_t::committed_size: The size of the tablespace
as persisted by mtr_commit().

fil_space_t::max_page_number_for_io(): Limit the highest page
number for I/O batches to committed_size.

MTR_MEMO_SPACE_X_LOCK: Replaces MTR_MEMO_X_LOCK for fil_space_t::latch.

mtr_x_space_lock(): Replaces mtr_x_lock() for fil_space_t::latch.

mtr_memo_slot_release_func(): When releasing MTR_MEMO_SPACE_X_LOCK,
copy space->size to space->committed_size. In this way, read-ahead
or flushing will never be invoked on pages that do not yet exist
according to FSP_SIZE.

Server auto-sets lower_case_file_system value based on default
datadir's behavior instead of instead of using the directory specified
by the user through the configuration file or command line options.

This patch fixes this problem.

Server auto-sets lower_case_file_system value based on default
datadir's behavior instead of instead of using the directory specified
by the user through the configuration file or command line options.

This patch fixes this problem.