MDEV-24577: Fix warnings generated during compilation of plugin/auth_pam/testing/pam_mariadb_mtr.c on FreeBSD

Compiler warnings generated on building MariaDB server for BSD has the same
reason as in case building is performed on MacOS. Both platforms do use
clang as a C/C++ compiler. So, fix the compiler warnings in case the compiler
is clang doesn't matter what kind of building platform do we use for building.

This is a follow-up patch for the following bug reports:
  MDEV-23564: CMAKE failing due to deprecated Apple GSS method
  MDEV-23935: Fix warnings generated during compilation of
              plugin/auth_pam/testing/pam_mariadb_mtr.c on MacOS

MDEV-22285 : Assertion `xid_seqno > wsrep_seqno' failed in trx_rseg_update_wsrep_checkpoint on SET @@global.wsrep_start_position

Actual assertion mentioned on MDEV seems to be already fixed but
setting seqno to -2 will trigger a different assertion

mysqld: /home/jan/mysql/10.4-bugs/wsrep-lib/src/server_state.cpp:702: void wsrep::server_state::sst_received(wsrep::client_service&, int): Assertion `state_ == s_joiner || state_ == s_initialized' failed.

Fixed this by not allowing user to set seqno < -1 (-1 is special
seqno meaning undefined and seqno is initialized to it). MariaDB
releases 10.2 and 10.3 already do not allow to set seqno < -1.

MDEV-18542 : galera_sr.galera-features#56: Test failure: signal 6; mysqltest: Can't connect to local MySQL server

Make test faster

MDEV-21523 : galera.MDEV-16509 MTR failed: timeout after 900 seconds: Can't connect to local MySQL server

Test uses Galera debug sync.

Add wait_condition so that INSERT is replicated before ALTER
and ALTER is replicated before we try to INSERT with new
number of columns.

The issue here was we were trying to push an extracted condition for a view into the
underlying table value constructor inside the view.
The fix would be to not push conditions into table value constructors.

The fix of MDEV-17556 (commit e25623e7
and commit 61a362c9) has been
omitted due to conflicts and will have to be applied separately later.

- Galera cluster must be in node 1 and 2, and acts as slave for node 3
- Sync point commit_monitor_enter_sync was renamed to
  commit_monitor_master_enter_sync in 4.x
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

A race condition may occur between the execution of transaction commit,
and an execution of a KILL statement that would attempt to abort that
transaction.

MDEV-17092 worked around this race condition by modifying InnoDB code.
After that issue was closed, Sergey Vojtovich pointed out that this
race condition would better be fixed above the storage engine layer:

If you look carefully into the above, you can conclude that
thd->free_connection() can be called concurrently with
KILL/thd->awake(). Which is the bug. And it is partially fixed in
THD::~THD(), that is destructor waits for KILL completion:

Fix: Add necessary mutex operations to THD::free_connection()
and move WSREP specific code also there. This ensures that no
one is using THD while we do free_connection(). These mutexes
will also ensures that there can't be concurrent KILL/THD::awake().

innobase_kill_query
  We can now remove usage of trx_sys_mutex introduced on MDEV-17092.

trx_t::free()
  Poison trx->state and trx->mysql_thd

This patch is validated with an RQG run similar to the one that
reproduced MDEV-17092.

The assertion failed in handler::ha_reset upon SELECT under
READ UNCOMMITTED from table with index on virtual column.

This was the debug-only failure, though the problem is mush wider:
* MY_BITMAP is a structure containing my_bitmap_map, the latter is a raw
 bitmap.
* read_set, write_set and vcol_set of TABLE are the pointers to MY_BITMAP
* The rest of MY_BITMAPs are stored in TABLE and TABLE_SHARE
* The pointers to the stored MY_BITMAPs, like orig_read_set etc, and
 sometimes all_set and tmp_set, are assigned to the pointers.
* Sometimes tmp_use_all_columns is used to substitute the raw bitmap
 directly with all_set.bitmap
* Sometimes even bitmaps are directly modified, like in
TABLE::update_virtual_field(): bitmap_clear_all(&tmp_set) is called.

The last three bullets in the list, when used together (which is mostly
always) make the program flow cumbersome and impossible to follow,
notwithstanding the errors they cause, like this MDEV-17556, where tmp_set
pointer was assigned to read_set, write_set and vcol_set, then its bitmap
was substituted with all_set.bitmap by dbug_tmp_use_all_columns() call,
and then bitmap_clear_all(&tmp_set) was applied to all this.

To untangle this knot, the rule should be applied:
* Never substitute bitmaps! This patch is about this.
 orig_*, all_set bitmaps are never substituted already.

This patch changes the following function prototypes:
* tmp_use_all_columns, dbug_tmp_use_all_columns
 to accept MY_BITMAP** and to return MY_BITMAP * instead of my_bitmap_map*
* tmp_restore_column_map, dbug_tmp_restore_column_maps to accept
 MY_BITMAP* instead of my_bitmap_map*

These functions now will substitute read_set/write_set/vcol_set directly,
and won't touch underlying bitmaps.

MDEV-16272 rpl.rpl_semisync_ali_issues failed in buildbot, SHOW variable was done instead of waiting for the value of that variable

Ensure consistent use of logging macros in wsrep-related code
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

Use the same variable in both scopes (from where we have "goto error" and target of the goto)

Problem: Assertion `transactional_table || !changed ||
thd->transaction.stmt.modified_non_trans_table' failed due REPLACE into a
versioned table.

It is not specific to system versioning/pertitioning/heap, but this
combination makes it much easier to reproduce.

The thing is to make first ha_update_row call succeed to make
info->deleted != 0. And then make REPLACE fail by any reason.

In this scenario we overflow versioned partition, so next ha_update_row
succeeds, but corresponding ha_write_row fails to insert history record.

Fix: modified_non_trans_table is set in one missed place

fixing windows build.

mysql_col_offset was not updated after the new column has been added by an
INSTANT ALTER TABLE -- table data dictionary had been remaining the same.

When the virtual column is added or removed, table was usually evicted and
then reopened, which triggered vcol info rebuild on the next open.

However this also should be done when the usual column is added or removed:
mariadb always stores virtual field at the end of maria record,
so the shift should always happen.

Fix:
expand the eviction condition to the case when usual fields are
added/removed

Note:
this should happen only in the case of !new_clustered:
* When new_clustered is true, a new data dictionary is created, and vcol
metadata is rebuilt in `alter_rebuild_apply_log()`
* We can't do it in `new_clustered` case, because the old table is not yet
subctituted correctly

Problem:
=======
Upon deleting or updating a row in a parent table (with primary key), if
the child table has virtual column and an associated key with ON UPDATE
CASCADE/ON DELETE CASCADE, it will result in slave crash.

Analysis:
========
Tables which are related through foreign key require prelocking similar to
triggers. i.e If a table has triggers/foreign keys we should add all tables
and routines used by them to the prelocking set.  This prelocking happens
during 'open_and_lock_tables' call.  Each table being opened is checked for
foreign key references. If foreign key reference exists then the child
table is opened and it is linked to the table_list. Upon any modification
to  parent table its corresponding child tables are retried from table_list
and they are updated accordingly. This prelocking work fine on master.

On slave  prelocking works for following cases.
 - Statement/mixed based replication
 - In row based replication when trigger execution is enabled through
   'slave_run_triggers_for_rbr=YES/LOGGING/ENFORCE'

Otherwise it results in an assert/crash, as the parent table will not find
the corresponding child table and it will be NULL. Dereferencing NULL
pointer leads to slave server exit.

Fix:
===
Introduce a new 'slave_fk_event_map' flag similar to 'trg_event_map'. This
flag will ensure that when foreign key is enabled in row based replication
all the parent and child tables are prelocked, so that parent is able to
locate the child table.

Note: This issue is specific to slave, hence only slave needs to be
      upgraded.

btr_discard_only_page_on_level(): Attempt to read the MDEV-15562 metadata
record from the leaf page, not the root page. In the root, the leftmost
(in this case, the only) node pointer would look like a metadata record.

This corruption bug was introduced in
commit 0e5a4ac2 (MDEV-15562).
The scenario is rare: a column was dropped instantly or the order of
columns was changed instantly, and then the table became empty in such
a way that in the last step, the root page had one child page.
Normally, a non-leaf B-tree page would always contain at least 2 children.

Let us use Intel intrinsic functions in WolfSSL whenever possible.
This allows such code to be compiled WITH_MSAN.

Analysis: select into outfile creates files everytime with 666 permission,
regardsless if umask environment variables and umask settings on OS level.
It seems hardcoded.
Fix: change 0666 to 0644 which will let anybody consume the file but not
change it.

(correction for commit 6fed6de9)

Under ps-protocol, commandsl like COM_STMT_FETCH, COM_STMT_CLOSE and
COM_STMT_SEND_LONG_DATA are not supposed to return errors. Therefore,
if a transaction is BF aborted and the client is processing one of
those commands, then we should not return a deadlock error
immediately. Instead wait for the a subsequent client interaction
which permits errors to be returned. To handle this,
wsrep_before_command() now accepts parameter keep_command_error. If
set true, keep_command_error will cause wsrep-lib side to skip result
handling, and to keep the current error for the next interaction with
the client.
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>