Item_cache_datetime::decimals was always copied from example->decimals
without limiting to 6 (maximum possible fractional digits), so
val_str() later crashed on asserts inside my_time_to_str() and
my_datetime_to_str().

MDEV-22755 CREATE USER leads to indirect SIGABRT in __stack_chk_fail () from fill_schema_user_privileges + *** stack smashing detected *** (on optimized builds)

The code erroneously used buff[100] in a fiew places to make
a GRANTEE value in the form:
  'user'@'host'

Fix:
- Fixing the code to use (USER_HOST_BUFF_SIZE + 6) instead of 100.
- Adding a DBUG_ASSERT to make sure the buffer is enough
- Wrapping the code into a class Grantee_str, to reuse it easier in 4 places.

On large hard disks (> 2TB), the plugin won't function correctly, always
showing 2 TB of available space due to integer overflow. Upgrade table
fields to bigint to resolve this problem.

The last traces of the special InnoDB table names were removed in
commit 0af52734
but we forgot to remove the test case.

The real problem was that attempt to roll back cahnes after end of memory in QC was made incorrectly and lead to using uninitialized memory.
(bug has nothing to do with resize operation, it is just lack of resources erro processed incorrectly)

This reverts commit 44339123.

Replacing the slow loop in my_hash_sort_utf8mbX() to the fast
skip_trailing_spaces(), which consumes 8 bytes in one iteration,
and is around 8 times faster on long data.

Also, renaming:
- my_hash_sort_utf8() to my_hash_sort_utf8mb3()
- my_hash_sort_utf8_nopad() to my_hash_sort_utf8mb3_nopad()
to merge to 10.5 easier (automatically?).

innodb: dict_mem_table_add_col - compile warning fix argument 1 null where non-null expected (#1584)

cd /build-mariadb-server-10.5-mysql_release/storage/innobase && /usr/bin/powerpc64le-linux-gnu-g++  -DBTR_CUR_ADAPT -DBTR_CUR_HASH_ADAPT -DCOMPILER_HINTS -DDBUG_TRACE -DEMBEDDED_LIBRARY -DHAVE_BZIP2=1 -DHAVE_C99_INITIALIZERS -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DHAVE_FALLOC_PUNCH_HOLE_AND_KEEP_SIZE=1 -DHAVE_IB_LINUX_FUTEX=1 -DHAVE_LZ4=1 -DHAVE_LZ4_COMPRESS_DEFAULT=1 -DHAVE_LZMA=1 -DHAVE_NANOSLEEP=1 -DHAVE_OPENSSL -DHAVE_SCHED_GETCPU=1 -DLINUX_NATIVE_AIO=1 -DMUTEX_EVENT -DWITH_INNODB_DISALLOW_WRITES -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -Iwsrep-lib/include -Iwsrep-lib/wsrep-API/v26 -I/home/dan/build-mariadb-server-10.5-mysql_release/include -Istorage/innobase/include -Istorage/innobase/handler -Ilibbinlogevents/include -Itpool -Iinclude -Isql  -pie -fPIC -Wl,-z,relro,-z,now -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wconversion -Wno-sign-conversion -O3 -g -static-libgcc -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -Wno-uninitialized -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -DDBUG_OFF -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-init-self -Wno-nonnull-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Woverloaded-virtual -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Wvla -Wwrite-strings   -DUNIV_LINUX -D_GNU_SOURCE=1 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden -std=gnu++11 -o CMakeFiles/innobase_embedded.dir/dict/dict0load.cc.o -c storage/innobase/dict/dict0load.cc
storage/innobase/dict/dict0load.cc: In function ‘const char* dict_process_sys_columns_rec(mem_heap_t*, const rec_t*, dict_col_t*, table_id_t*, const char**, ulint*)’:
storage/innobase/dict/dict0load.cc:1653:26: warning: argument 1 null where non-null expected [-Wnonnull]
    dict_mem_table_add_col(table, heap, name, mtype,
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
             prtype, col_len);
             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from storage/innobase/include/dict0dict.h:32:0,
                 from storage/innobase/include/btr0pcur.h:30,
                 from storage/innobase/dict/dict0load.cc:31:
storage/innobase/include/dict0mem.h:323:1: note: in a call to function ‘void dict_mem_table_add_col(dict_table_t*, mem_heap_t*, const char*, ulint, ulint, ulint)’ declared here
 dict_mem_table_add_col(
 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

In case of SELECT without tables which returns either 0 or 1 rows,
JOIN::exec_inner() did not check if the flag representing SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS
is set or not and send_records was direclty assigned 0. So SELECT FOUND_ROWS()
was giving 0 in the output. Now it checks if the flag is set, if it is set
send_record=1 else 0. 1 is the number of rows that could have been sent
to the client if the SELECT query had SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS.
It is 0 when no rows were sent because the SELECT query did not have
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS.

MDEV-22717: Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s) in find_uniq_filename(char*, unsigned long)

Fix:
===
Initialize 'number' variable to '0'.

When MDEV-22769 introduced srv_shutdown_state=SRV_SHUTDOWN_INITIATED in
commit efc70da5
we forgot to adjust a few checks for SRV_SHUTDOWN_NONE.

In the initial shutdown step, we are waiting for the background
DROP TABLE queue to be processed or discarded. At that time,
some background tasks (such as buffer pool resizing or dumping
or encryption key rotation) may be terminated, but others must
remain running normally.

srv_purge_coordinator_suspend(), srv_purge_coordinator_thread(),
srv_start_wait_for_purge_to_start(): Treat SRV_SHUTDOWN_NONE
and SRV_SHUTDOWN_INITIATED equally.

MDEV-22728: SIGFPE in Unique::get_cost_calc_buff_size from prepare_search_best_index_intersect on optimized builds

For low sort_buffer_size, in the cost calculation of using the Unique object the elements in the tree were evaluated to 0, make sure to have atleast 1 element in the Unique tree.

Also for the function Unique::get allocate memory for atleast MERGEBUFF2+1 keys.

This bug is the same as the bug MDEV-17024. The crashes caused by these
bugs were due to premature cleanups of the unit specifying recursive CTEs
that happened in some cases when there were several outer references the
same recursive CTE.
The problem of premature cleanups for recursive CTEs could be already
resolved by the correction in TABLE_LIST::set_as_with_table() introduced
in this patch. ALL other changes introduced by the patches for MDEV-17024
and MDEV-22748 guarantee that this clean-ups are performed as soon as
possible: when the select containing the last outer reference to a
recursive CTE is being cleaned up the specification of the recursive CTE
should be cleaned up as well.

page_zip_fields_decode(): Do not dereference index=NULL.
Instead, return NULL early. The only caller does not care
about the values of output parameters in that case.

This bug was introduced in MySQL 5.7.6 by
mysql/mysql-server@9eae0edb7a8e4004328e61157f5f3b39cebe1b2b
and in MariaDB 10.2.2 by
commit 2e814d47.

Thanks to my son for pointing this out after investigating
the output of a static analysis tool.

Compiler tells something about argument-dependent lookup. I do not
understand how that ADL works. But I know that such operators should
be free functions, instead of methods:
http://isocpp.github.io/CppCoreGuidelines/CppCoreGuidelines#Ro-symmetric

Such syntax defines 'friend' free functions.

When processing a query with a recursive CTE a temporary table is used for
each recursive reference of the CTE. As any temporary table it uses its own
mem-root for table definition structures. Due to specifics of the current
implementation of ANALYZE stmt command this mem-root can be freed only at
the very of query processing. Such deallocation of mem-root memory happens
in close_thread_tables(). The function looks through the list of the tmp
tables rec_tables attached to the THD of the query and frees corresponding
mem-roots. If the query uses a stored function then such list is created
for each query of the function. When a new rec_list has to be created the
old one has to be saved and then restored at the proper moment.
The bug occurred because only one rec_list for the query containing CTE was
created. As a result close_thread_tables() freed tmp mem-roots used for
rec_tables prematurely destroying some data needed for the output produced
by the ANALYZE command.

The background drop table queue in InnoDB is a work-around for
cases where the SQL layer is requesting DDL on tables on which
transactional locks exist.

One such case are XA transactions. Our test case exploits the
fact that the recovery of XA PREPARE transactions will
only resurrect InnoDB table locks, but not MDL that should
block any concurrent DDL.

srv_shutdown_t: Introduce the srv_shutdown_state=SRV_SHUTDOWN_INITIATED
for the initial part of shutdown, to wait for the background drop
table queue to be emptied.

srv_shutdown_bg_undo_sources(): Assign
srv_shutdown_state=SRV_SHUTDOWN_INITIATED
before waiting for the background drop table queue to be emptied.

row_drop_tables_for_mysql_in_background(): On slow shutdown, if
no active transactions exist (excluding ones that are in
XA PREPARE state), skip any tables on which locks exist.

row_drop_table_for_mysql(): Do not unnecessarily attempt to
drop InnoDB persistent statistics for tables that have
already been added to the background drop table queue.

row_mysql_close(): Relax an assertion, and free all memory
even if innodb_force_recovery=2 would prevent the background
drop table queue from being emptied.

This race condition was introduced by
commit ad6171b9 (MDEV-22456).

In the observed case, two threads were executing
btr_search_drop_page_hash_index() on the same block,
to free a stale entry that was attached to a dropped index.
Both threads were holding an S latch on the block.

We must prevent the double-free of block->index by holding
block->lock in exclusive mode.

btr_search_guess_on_hash(): Do not invoke
btr_search_drop_page_hash_index(block) to get rid of
stale entries, because we are not necessarily holding
an exclusive block->lock here.

buf_defer_drop_ahi(): New function, to safely drop stale
entries in buf_page_mtr_lock(). We will skip the call to
btr_search_drop_page_hash_index(block) when only requesting
bufferfixing (no page latch), because in that case, we should
not be accessing the adaptive hash index, and we might get
a deadlock if we acquired the page latch.

btr_search_sys_free(): Free btr_search_sys->hash_tables.

The leak was introduced in commit ad2bf112.

Allow targets for building "noinstall" zip, and debuginfo zip.

When acquiring SNW/SNRW/X MDL lock DDL/admin statements may abort pending
thr lock in concurrent connection with open HANDLER (or delayed insert
thread).

This may lead to a race condition when table->alias is accessed
concurrently by such threads. Either assertion failure or memory leak
is a practical consequence of this race condition.

Specifically HANDLER is opening a table and issuing alias.copy(), while
DDL executing get_lock_data()/alias.c_ptr()/realloc()/realloc_raw().

Fixed by perforimg table->init() before it is published via
thd->open_tables.

For DECIMAL[(M[,D])] datatype max_sort_length was not being honoured which was leading to buffer
overflow while making the sort key. The fix to this problem would be to create sort keys for decimals
with atmost max_sort_key bytes

Important:
The minimum value of max_sort_length has been raised to 8 (previously was 4),
so fixed size datatypes like DOUBLE and BIGINIT are not truncated for
lower values of max_sort_length.

We are supposed to commit and restart the mini-transaction
between records. There is no point to store and restore the
persistent cursor position otherwise.

If buf_page_optimistic_get() is patched to always fail, the
debug build would fail to start up due to trying to re-acquire
an already S-latched block.

This bug (which should not have visible impact to users, because
the code is only executed during startup, while no other threads
are accessing B-trees or causing pages to be evicted from the
buffer pool) was caught as part of a debugging effort for
something else.

The debugging approach was: Make buf_page_optimistic_get()
always return FALSE, and add ut_a(block->lock.lock_word == X_LOCK_DECR)
to both buf_LRU_get_free_only() and buf_LRU_block_free_non_file_page().
This would catch misuse of the buffer pool. If it were not for
buf_page_optimistic_get(), no buf_block_t::lock of any BUF_BLOCK_NOT_USED
block would ever be acquired.

MDEV-16230: Server crashes when Analyze format=json is run with a window function with empty PARTITION BY and ORDER BY clauses

Currently when both PARTITION BY and ORDER BY clauses are empty then we create a Item
with the first field in the select list and sort with that field.
It should be created as an Item_temptable_field instead of Item_field because the
print() function continues to work even if the table has been dropped.

Introduce a new ATTRIBUTE_NOINLINE to
ib::logger member functions, and add UNIV_UNLIKELY hints to callers.

Also, remove some crash reporting output. If needed, the
information will be available using debugging tools.

Furthermore, remove some fts_enable_diag_print output that included
indexed words in raw form. The code seemed to assume that words are
NUL-terminated byte strings. It is not clear whether a NUL terminator
is always guaranteed to be present. Also, UCS2 or UTF-16 strings would
typically contain many NUL bytes.

Backported the support for aborting and replaying stored procedure and fix for trigger
key assigments from 10.4 version.
Backported also two mtr tests: wsrep_sp_bf_abort and MDEV-20225

Problem:
========
  During buffer pool resizing, InnoDB recreates the dictionary hash
tables. Dictionary hash table reuses the heap of AHI hash tables.
It leads to memory corruption.

Fix:
====
- While disabling AHI, free the heap and AHI hash tables. Recreate the
AHI hash tables and assign new heap when AHI is enabled.

- btr_blob_free() access invalid page if page was reallocated during
buffer poolresizing. So btr_blob_free() should get the page from
buf_pool instead of using existing block.

- btr_search_enabled and block->index should be checked after
acquiring the btr_search_sys latch

- Moved the buffer_pool_scan debug sync to earlier before accessing the
btr_search_sys latches to avoid the hang of truncate_purge_debug
test case

- srv_printf_innodb_monitor() should acquire btr_search_sys latches
before AHI hash tables.

srv_purge_should_exit(): Report progress on slow shutdown
not only to systemd, but also to the error log.

both both -> both
Closes #1560