MDEV-15712: If remote server used by Spider table is unavailable, some operations hang for a long time

When an attempt to connect to the remote server fails, Spider retries to
connect to the remote server 1000 times or until the connection attempt
succeeds.  This is perceived as a hang if the remote server remains
unavailable.

I have introduced changes in Spider's table status handler to fix this problem.

Author:
  Jacob Mathew.

Reviewer:
  Kentoku Shiba.

Cherry-Picked:
  Commit 6ee6933a on branch bb-10.3-MDEV-15712

This reverts commit 72deed59
which was merged as commit 29d4ac2c.

The change caused regressions, such as mysql-test-run failing
to run at all with --valgrind, or aborting on Windows on the
first test failure.

In the merge of commit e7f4e61f
the call fil_flush_file_spaces(FIL_TYPE_LOG) is necessary.
Tablespaces will be flushed as part of the redo log
checkpoint, but the redo log will not necessarily
be flushed, depending on innodb_flush_method.

InnoDB takes a lot of time to perform null updates. The reason is that
even though an empty update vector was created, InnoDB will go on to
write undo log records and update the system columns
DB_TRX_ID and DB_ROLL_PTR in the clustered index, and of course write
redo log for all this.

This could have been fixed properly in
commit 54a492ec more than 10 years ago.

Remove the local variable srv_buf_pool_size_org, which was always 0.
In MySQL 5.7, InnoDB was made a mandatory storage engine, which would
force InnoDB to start up when executing
	mysqld --verbose --help
which is what mysql-test-run.pl is doing as a first step. With a
large innodb_buffer_pool_size, this would take a long time.
So, MySQL 5.7 includes a hack that starts up InnoDB with a smaller
buffer pool when the option --verbose is present.

MariaDB uses HAVE_LZO, not HAVE_LZO1X (which was never defined).
Also, the variable srv_lzo_disabled was never defined or read
(only declared and assigned to, in unreachable code).

The InnoDB system table column SYS_TABLES.MIX_LEN was repurposed
in InnoDB Plugin for MySQL 5.1, in
commit 91111174 (MySQL 5.1.46).
Until MySQL 5.6, it only contained a flag DICT_TF2_TEMPORARY.

MySQL 5.6 introduced a number of flags that were transient
in nature. One of these was introduced in 5.6.5, originally
called DICT_TF2_USE_TABLESPACE and later renamed to
DICT_TF2_USE_FILE_PER_TABLE. MySQL 5.7.6 introduced logic
that insists that the flag be set for any table that does not
reside in a shared tablespace, breaking upgrade from MySQL 5.5.

MariaDB does not support shared tablespaces other than the
InnoDB system tablespace. Also, some dependencies on
SYS_TABLES.MIX_LEN were removed in an earlier fix:
MDEV-13084 MariaDB 10.2 crashes on corrupted SYS_TABLES.MIX_LEN field
(commit e813fe86).

dict_check_sys_tables(): Remove a bogus debug assertion, and add a
comment that explains how DICT_TF2_USE_FILE_PER_TABLE is used.

dict_table_is_file_per_table(): Remove a bogus debug assertion.

It has been done to demonstrate that the fix of this bug is good for 10.3
as well. The previous test case is not good for this purpose because
10.2 and 10.3 use different rules for determining the types of recursive
CTEs.

Pool::mem_free(): Poison the freed memory. Assert that it was
fully initialized, because the reuse of trx_t objects will
assume that the objects were previously initialized.

Pool::~Pool(), Pool::get(): Unpoison the allocated memory,
and mark it initialized.

trx_free(): After invoking Pool::mem_free(), unpoison
trx_t::mutex and trx_t::undo_mutex, because MutexMonitor
will access these even for freed trx_t objects.

Modern compilers (such as GCC 8) emit warnings that the
'register' keyword is deprecated and not valid C++17.

Let us remove most use of the 'register' keyword.
Code in 'extra/' is not touched.

Apply the contributed patch from
MySQL Bug #89126 create table panic on innobase_parse_hint_from_comment
by Yan Huang.

xb_assign_undo_space_start(): Correctly pass the length of
the buffer, so that the file name will not be truncated.

dict_load_table_low(): When flagging an error, assign *table = NULL.
Failure to do so could cause a crash if an error was flagged when
accessing INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_SYS_TABLES.

MDEV-15948 Fix error "Lost connection to MySQL server..." in test gal…

While the test case crashes a MariaDB 10.2 debug build only,
let us apply the fix to the earliest applicable MariaDB series (10.0)
to avoid any data corruption on a table-rebuilding ALTER TABLE
using ALGORITHM=INPLACE.

innobase_create_key_defs(): Use altered_table->s->primary_key
when a new primary key is being created.

* Increased timeout counter in galera_wait_ready.inc

* Replaced useless include/wait_until_ready.inc after start_mysqld.inc
  in galera_st_*.inc with wait_condition on cluster size.

MDEV-15374 Server hangs and aborts with long semaphore wait or assertion `len < ((ulint) srv_page_size)' fails in trx_undo_rec_copy upon ROLLBACK on temporary table

Problem:
=======
InnoDB cleans all temporary undo logs during commit. During rollback
of secondary index entry, InnoDB tries to build the previous version
of clustered index. It leads to access of freed undo page during
previous transaction commit and it leads to undo log corruption.

Solution:
=========
During rollback, temporary undo logs should not try to build
the previous version of the record.

MDEV-15929 Fix lock wait timeout on `SELECT @@GLOBAL.WSREP_ON`

followup for a3c980b3

same change in Locked_tables_list::unlink_from_list(), otherwise
thd->locked_tables_list will keep pointers to a free'd TABLE if
prelocked under lock tables.

This fixes a crash in main.create_or_replace on debug Win builds
after bcb36ee2

do_stmt_close() is embedded-aware.

this fixes the failure of innodb.innodb_bug48024 --ps --embed

Test galera_sst_mysqldump often fails with error "2013: Lost connection
to MySQL server during query". The connection is lost after the test
restart one of the nodes. This happens because the server closes client
connections if it is joining a cluster through SST method mysqldump.
On unlucky runs of the test it is possible that mysqld is restarted,
and then mtr client is disconnected while it tries to determine if
galera is ready before going on with the test.
This patch rewrites galera_wait_ready.inc so that it is immune to
being disconnected.

MDEV-15456 Server crashes upon adding or dropping a partition in ALTER under LOCK TABLE after ER_SAME_NAME_PARTITION

ALTER TABLE ... ADD PARTITION modifies the open TABLE structure,
and sets table->need_reopen=1 to reset these modifications
in case of an error.

But under LOCK TABLES the table isn't get reopened, despite need_reopen.

Fixed by reopening need_reopen tables under LOCK TABLE.

bad merge

in a specially crafted invalid packet, one can get end_pos < pos here

disable online alter add primary key for innodb, if the
table is opened/locked more than once in the current connection

(see assert in ha_innobase::add_index())

test case