Print the build_equal_items() step for ON expression processing

Print the conditions for WHERE, HAVING, and ON.

std version has an advantage of a more convenient units implementation from
std::chrono. Now it's no need to multipy/divide to bring anything to
micro seconds.

Don't remove (reasons given in Jira), instead add test coverage.
Improve other printout in best_access_path.

Our intention is to make users aware that the ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED
format is on its way to deprecation.  It is an unnecessary annoyance
to users if we issue a warning when the user is converting a
ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED table to a supported format
(such as ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC).

ha_innobase::is_read_only(): Add a parameter to specify that an
ALTER TABLE to a supported format has been requested.

ha_innobase::check_if_supported_inplace_alter(): Set the parameter
when ALTER_OPTIONS to something else than ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED
(and without KEY_BLOCK_SIZE) is being requested.

Thanks to Elena Stepanova for suggesting this.

Until https://github.com/rr-debugger/rr/issues/2613
has been addressed, ./mtr --rr will fail to start up the
server if it has been configured with liburing.
To make the ./mtr --rr option work out of the box, we will
disable native asynchronous I/O.

Note: libaio never worked under rr, but it failed more gracefully:
the emulated io_setup() call would always return an error.

so that sys.schema_auto_increment_columns returns  correct
auto_increment_value

Fix confusing documentation. There is no installation necessary for sys schema.
it is there after mysql_install_db, or mysql_upgrade.

Tests with 4096-byte sector size confirm that it is
safe to use O_DIRECT with page_compressed tables.
That had been disabled on Linux, in an attempt to fix MDEV-21584
which had been filed for the O_DIRECT problems earlier.

The fil_node_t::block_size was being set mostly correctly until
commit 10dd290b (MDEV-17380)
introduced a regression in MariaDB Server 10.4.4.

fil_node_open_file(): Only avoid setting O_DIRECT on
ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tables that use KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=1 or 2
(1024 or 2048 bytes).

fil_ibd_create(): Avoid setting O_DIRECT on ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tables
that use KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=1 or 2 (1024 or 2048 bytes).

fil_node_t::find_metadata(): Require fstat() to be always invoked
outside Microsoft Windows, so that fil_node_t::block_size can be set.

fil_node_t::read_page0(): Rely on find_metadata() to assign block_size.

Thanks to Vladislav Vaintroub for testing this on Microsoft Windows
using an old-fashioned rotational hard disk with 4KiB sector size.

Reviewed by: Vladislav Vaintroub

This is a port of commit 00f620b2
and commit 6505662c from 10.2.

Before MDEV-14638, there was no race condition between the
execution of fetch_data_into_cache() and transaction commit.

fetch_data_into_cache(): Acquire trx_t::mutex before checking
trx_t::state, to prevent a concurrent transition from
TRX_STATE_COMMITTED_IN_MEMORY to TRX_STATE_NOT_STARTED
in trx_commit_in_memory().

ha_innobase::info_low(): While collecting statistics for
ANALYZE TABLE, ensure that dict_stats_process_entry_from_recalc_pool()
is not executing on the same table.

We observed result differences for the test innodb.innodb_stats because
dict_stats_empty_index() was being invoked by the background statistics
calculation while ha_innobase::analyze() was executing
dict_stats_analyze_index_level().

Tests with 4096-byte sector size confirm that it is
safe to use O_DIRECT with page_compressed tables.
That had been disabled on Linux, in an attempt to fix MDEV-21584
which had been filed for the O_DIRECT problems earlier.

The fil_node_t::block_size was being set mostly correctly until
commit 10dd290b (MDEV-17380)
introduced a regression in MariaDB Server 10.4.4.

fil_node_t::read_page0(): Initialize fil_node_t::block_size.
This will probably make similar code in fil_space_extend_must_retry()
redundant, but we play it safe and will not remove that code.

Thanks to Vladislav Vaintroub for testing this on Microsoft Windows
using an old-fashioned rotational hard disk with 4KiB sector size.

Reviewed by: Vladislav Vaintroub

This patch implements OS_DATA_FILE_NO_O_DIRECT on Windows.

This had been originally added in
mysql/mysql-server@192bb153b675fe09037a53e456a79eee7211e3a7
with the motivation to disable O_DIRECT for the dedicated tablespace
for temporary tables. In MariaDB Server,
commit 5eb53955 (MDEV-12227)
should be a better solution.

The code became orphaned later in
mysql/mysql-server@c61244c0e6c58727cffebfb312ac415a463fa0fe
and it had been applied to MariaDB Server 10.2.2 in
commit 2e814d47 and
commit fec844ac.

Thanks to Vladislav Vaintroub for spotting this.

MDEV-24916 : Assertion `current_stmt_binlog_format == BINLOG_FORMAT_STMT || current_stmt_binlog_format == BINLOG_FORMAT_ROW' failed in THD::is_current_stmt_binlog_format_row

Store old value of binlog format before wsrep code so that
if we bail out because wsrep is not ready for connections
we can restore binlog format correctly.

- increase MAX_BOOTSTRAP_QUERY_SIZE (sys.schema has SP over 50K large)
  don't allocate bootstrap query on heap anymore.
- support DELIMITER in bootstrap

- Innodb is not always available, which means t is not always
possible to use innodb system variables, or innodb information schema
tables.

Thus creation of objects that use Innodb information_schema is enclosed
into BEGIN NOT ATOMIC blocks with dummy SQLEXCEPTION handler.

- sys_config table uses Aria, just like other system tables.

- several tables that exist in MySQL, do not exist in MariaDB
   performance_schema.replication_applier_status, mysql.slave_master_info,
   mysql.slave_relay_log_info

MDEV-18874 : Galera test MW-286 causes Mutex = TTASEventMutex<GenericPolicy>]: Assertion `!is_owned()' failed. assertion

MDEV-24649 galera.galera_bf_lock_wait MTR failed with sigabrt: Assertion `!is_ow
ned()' failed in sync0policy.ic on MutexDebug with Mutex = TTASEventMutex<GenericPolicy>

Bug was fixed as part of MDEV-23328, this just adds test cases to
regression set.

ALIGN was defined already:

mysys/crc32/crc32c.cc:390: warning: "ALIGN" redefined
 #define ALIGN(n, m)     ((n + ((1 << m) - 1)) & ~((1 << m) - 1))

In file included from /root/aix/build/include/my_global.h:543,
                 from /root/aix/build/mysys/crc32/crc32c.cc:22:
/opt/freeware/lib/gcc/powerpc-ibm-aix7.1.0.0/8/include-fixed/sys/socket.h:788: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ALIGN(p)                (ulong)((caddr_t)(p) + MACHINE_ALIGNMENT - 1 - \

As evidenced by converstation on Zulip,
knowing where to install a plugin is important too.