This is a backport of commit 4489a89c
in order to remove the test innodb.redo_log_during_checkpoint
that would cause trouble in the DBUG subsystem invoked by
safe_mutex_lock() via log_checkpoint(). Before
commit 7cffb5f6
these mutexes were of different type.

The following options were introduced in
commit 2e814d47 (mariadb-10.2.2)
and have little use:

innodb_disable_resize_buffer_pool_debug had no effect even in
MariaDB 10.2.2 or MySQL 5.7.9. It was introduced in
mysql/mysql-server@5c4094cf4971eebab89da4ee4ae92c71f69cd524
to work around a problem that was fixed in
mysql/mysql-server@2957ae4f990bf3aed25822b0ce15d3ccad0b54b6
(but the parameter was not removed).

innodb_page_cleaner_disabled_debug and innodb_master_thread_disabled_debug
are only used by the test innodb.redo_log_during_checkpoint
that will be removed as part of this commit.

innodb_dict_stats_disabled_debug is only used by that test,
and it is redundant because one could simply use
innodb_stats_persistent=OFF or the STATS_PERSISTENT=0 attribute
of the table in the test to achieve the same effect.

Due to 32-bit arithmetics, SRV_TMP_SPACE_ID page number 0x200002 would be
folded to 0, which is incompatible with the assumption that was made in
commit 7cffb5f6 (MDEV-23399).

page_id_t::fold(): Compute in the native word width instead of uint32_t.
On 64-bit platforms, an alternative would be to return the 64-bit m_id
directly, but that was measured to cause a performance regression.

fil_space_t::open(): Invoke fil_node_t::find_metadata() when the
tablespace is being created. In this way, we will actually detect
that the temporary tablespace resides on SSD. (During database
creation, also the system tablespace will correctly be detected as
residing on SSD.)

The only purpose of ibuf_bitmap_mutex is to prevent a deadlock between
two concurrent invocations of ibuf_update_free_bits_for_two_pages_low()
on the same pair of bitmap pages, but in opposite order.
The mutex is unnecessarily serializing the execution of the function
even when it is being invoked on totally different tablespaces.
To avoid deadlocks, it suffices to ensure that the two page latches
are being acquired in a deterministic (sorted) order.

A few of constaint -> constraint

- Simplified Chinese translation added
- Character encoding is gdk
-- gdk covers more characters
-- gdk includes both Simplified and Traditional
-- best option I think, may need to work along with other locale
settings
- Other cleanup
-- Within each error, messages are sorted according to language code
-- More consistent formatting (8 spaces proceeding each translation)
-- jps removed as duplicate of jpn translation

This should be a good starting point. More refinement is appreciated,
and needed down the road.

English "containt" (sic) spelling fixes on ER_FK_NO_INDEX_{CHILD,PARENT}
resulting in mtr test case adjustments.

Edited/reviewed by Daniel Black

The following condition has to added:
1) InnoDB fails to include the offset of the node pointer field
in non-leaf record for redundant row format.

2) If the Fixed length field does have only prefix length then
calculate the field maximum size as prefix length.

- Added the test case to test (2) and to check maximum number of
fields can exist in the index.

Disallow XA when Galera library is loaded.
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

MDEV-28314 : The Galera cluster primary node goes into hang mode when innodb_encryption_threads is enabled

When we enable writes after Galera SST srv_n_fil_crypt_threads needs
to be set temporally to 0 (as was done when writes were disabled)
to make sure that encryption threads will be really started based
on old value of encryption threads.

Fix provided by Marko Mäkelä.

Add missing connection lines to result set

column generated using date_format() and if()

vcol_info->expr is allocated on expr_arena at parsing stage. Since
expr item is allocated on expr_arena all its containee items must be
allocated on expr_arena too. Otherwise fix_session_expr() will
encounter prematurely freed item.

When table is reopened from cache vcol_info contains stale
expression. We refresh expression via TABLE::vcol_fix_exprs() but
first we must prepare a proper context (Vcol_expr_context) which meets
some requirements:

1. As noted above expr update must be done on expr_arena as there may
be new items created. It was a bug in fix_session_expr_for_read() and
was just not reproduced because of no second refix. Now refix is done
for more cases so it does reproduce. Tests affected: vcol.binlog

2. Also name resolution context must be narrowed to the single table.
Tested by: vcol.update main.default vcol.vcol_syntax gcol.gcol_bugfixes

3. sql_mode must be clean and not fail expr update.

sql_mode such as MODE_NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES, MODE_NO_ZERO_IN_DATE, etc
must not affect vcol expression update. If the table was created
successfully any further evaluation must not fail. Tests affected:
main.func_like

Reviewed by: Sergei Golubchik <serg@mariadb.org>

1. moved fix_vcol_exprs() call to open_table()

mysql_alter_table() doesn't do lock_tables() so it cannot win from
fix_vcol_exprs() from there. Tests affected: main.default_session

2. Vanilla cleanups and comments.

This commit adds processing of SYSTEM_TIME_BEFORE and SYSTEM_TIME_HISTORY
to vers_select_conds_t::print().

UNION ALL queries are a subject of optimization introduced in MDEV-334
when creation of a temporary table is skipped.
While there is a check for this optimization in Explain_union::print_explain()
there was no such in Explain_union::print_explain_json(). This resulted in
printing irrelevant data like:
  "union_result": {
    "table_name": "<union2,3>",
    "access_type": "ALL",
    "r_loops": 0,
    "r_rows": null
in case when creation of the temporary table was actually optimized out.
This commits adds a check whether the temporary table was actually created
during the UNION ALL processing and eliminates printing of the irrelevant data.

MDEV-9948 Failing assertion: new_state->key_version != ENCRYPTION_KEY_VERSION_INVALID in fil0crypt.cc

The test encryption.innodb-redo-nokeys did not actually test
recovery without valid keys, because due to the setting
innodb_encrypt_tables, InnoDB refused to start up at all,
without even attempting any crash recovery.

fil_ibd_load(): If the encryption key is not available,
refuse to load the file.

An additional patch for MDEV-27690 Crash on `CHARACTER SET csname COLLATE DEFAULT` in column definition

Applying the fix to sql_yacc_ora.yy. Adding a test for sql_mode=ORACLE.

on_table_fill_finished() should always be done at the end of open()
even if result is not Select_materialize but (for example)
Select_fetch_into_spvars.

This is conceptually a backport of
commit 6f4740fd
(re-recording the .rdiff files).

This commit fixes problems with parsing ipv6 addresses given via
the wsrep_sst_receive_address and wsrep_node_address options.

Also, this commit removes extra lines in the configuration files
in the mtr test suites for Galera related to these parameters.

fix bad merge

MDEV-24317 Data race in LOGGER::init_error_log at sql/log.cc:1443 and in LOGGER::error_log_print at sql/log.cc:1181

don't initialize error_log_handler_list in set_handlers()
* error_log_handler_list is initialized to LOG_FILE early, in init_base()
* set_handlers always reinitializes it to LOG_FILE, so it's pointless
* after init_base() concurrent threads start using sql_log_warning,
  so following set_handlers() shouldn't modify error_log_handler_list
  without some protection

The problem was not with the server behavior,
it was with wrong test results recorded.

Enabling both type_set and type_enum.

type_set.result was OK. The test did not fail.

type_enum.result was incorrectly recorded in this commit:
  eb483c51

Recording correct results.

I change from `exit;` to `exit(1);` on a function `usage()`.
When we try to run mtr with a wrong option, a function `usage()` is called with the wrong option as its argument. In this case, because the function call `exit` in a first if statement, we get exit status 0.

`m_status == DA_ERROR' failed on SELECT after setting tmp_disk_table_size.

Analysis: Mismatch in number of warnings between "194 warnings" vs
"64 rows in set" is because of max_error_count variable which has default
value of 64.
About the corrupted tables, the error that occurs because of insufficient
tmp_disk_table_size variable is not reported correctly and we continue to
execute the statement. But because the previous error (about table being
full)is not reported correctly, this error moves up the stack and is
wrongly reported as parsing error later on while parsing frm file of one
of the information schema table. This parsing error gives corrupted table
error.
As for the innodb error, it occurs even when tmp_disk_table_size is not
insufficient is default but the internal error handler takes care of it
and the error doesn't show. But when tmp_disk_table_size is insufficient,
the fatal error which wasn't reported correctly moves up the stack so
internal error handler is not called. So it shows errors.
Fix: Report the error correctly.

This is a temporary fix for 10.2.
This problem was permanently fixed in 10.9 under terms of MDEV-27743.

This patch should propagate up to 10.8 then null-merged to 10.9.

The issue was that the value of MARIA_FOUND_WRONG_KEY was a value
that could be returned by ha_key_cmp.

This was already fixed in MyISAM, now using the same fix in Aria:
Setting the value to INT_MAX32, which should be impossible in any
normal cases.

I also fixed so that if there is a wrong key, we now get a proper error
message and not an assert.

- Purge thread is trying to access the table name when other thread
does rename of the table name. It leads to heap use after free error
by purge thread. purge thread should check whether the table name
is temporary while holding dict_sys.mutex.

Creating a temporary table with Spider is non-sense because a Spider
table cannot hold any physical data and it requires an additional
effort to manage even if it is configured correctly.

Set HTON_TEMPORARY_NOT_SUPPORTED to spider_hton->flags.  

Reviewed-by: nayuta.yanagisawa@hey.com
Co-authored-by: d8sk4ueun@gmail.com

10.5 tests for MDEV-26507 Assertion `tmp != ((long long) 0x8000000000000000LL)' failed in TIME_from_longlong_datetime_packed

The fix for MDEV-27673 (in 10.3) fixed MDEV-26507 as well.
This patch only adds MTR tests.

This crash happens on a combination of multiple conditions:

- There is a thead#1 running an "ANALYZE FORMAT=JSON" query for a
  "SELECT .. FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE .. "
- The WHERE clause contains a stored function call, say f1().
- The WHERE clause is built in the way so that the function f1()
  is never actually called, e.g.
    WHERE .. AND (TRUE OR f1()=expr)
- The database contains multiple VIEWs that have the function f1() call,
  e.g. in their <select list>
- The WHERE clause is built in the way so that these VIEWs match
  the condition.
- There is a parallel thread#2 running. It creates or drops or recreates
  some other stored routine, say f2(), which is not used in the ANALYZE query.
  It effectively invalidates the stored routine cache for thread#1
  without locking.
  Note, it is important that f2() is NOT used by ANALYZE query.
  Otherwise, thread#2 would be locked until the ANALYZE query
  finishes.

When all of the above conditions are met, the following happens:

1. thread#1 starts the ANALYZE query. It notices a call for the stored function
   f1() in the WHERE condition. The function f1() gets parsed and cached
   to the SP cache. Its address also gets assigned to Item_func_sp::m_sp.

2. thread#1 starts iterating through all tables that
   match the WHERE condition to find the information about their columns.

3. thread#1 processes columns of the VIEW v1.
   It notices a call for f1() in the VIEW v1 definition.
   But f1() is already cached in the step#1 and it is up to date.
   So nothing happens with the SP cache.

4. thread#2 re-creates f2() in a non-locking mode.
   It effectively invalidates the SP cache in thread#1.

5. thread#1 processes columns of the VIEW v2.
   It notices a call for f1() in the VIEW v2 definition.
   It also notices that the cached version of f1() is not up to date.
   It frees the old definition of f1(), parses it again, and puts a
   new version of f1() to the SP cache.

6. thread#1 finishes processing rows and generates the JSON output.
   When printing the "attached_condition" value, it calls
   Item_func_sp::print() for f1(). But this Item_func_sp links
   to the old (freed) version of f1().

The above scenario demonstrates that Item_func_sp::m_sp can point to an
alredy freed instance when Item_func_sp::func_name() is called,
so accessing to Item_sp::m_sp->m_handler is not safe.

This patch rewrites the code to use Item_func_sp::m_handler instead,
which is always reliable.

Note, this patch is only a cleanup for MDEV-28166 to quickly fix the regression.
It fixes MDEV-28267. But it does not fix the core problem:
The code behind I_S does not take into account that the SP
cache can be updated while evaluating rows of the COLUMNS table.
This is a corner case and it never happens with any other tables.
I_S.COLUMNS is very special.

Another example of the core problem is reported in MDEV-25243.
The code accesses to Item_sp::m_sp->m_chistics of an
already freed m_sp, again. It will be addressed separately.

MDEV-22282 When using mysqldump to backup a view that contains derived tables, the database name is prepended to each table in the view

derived tables have db = "", table_name = "*", those aren't real names
to be compared with.

use vio_type_names[] values as in MySQL

MDEV-27239 Spider: Assertion `thd->transaction->stmt.ha_list == __null || trans == &thd->transaction->stmt' failed in ha_commit_trans on BEGIN WORK after FTWRL

The check on the SQL command type, in ha_spider::external_lock() is deleted
by e954d9de. This resulted in the wrong call of spider_internal_start_trx()
(and thus Ha_trx_info::register_ha()).

I reverted the check and refactored ha_spider::external_lock().