MDEV-17725 Assertion `!is_set() || (m_status == DA_OK_BULK && is_bulk_op())' failed in Diagnostics_area::set_ok_status upon ALTER failing due to error from engine

If we have a 2+ node cluster which is replicating from an async master
and the binlog_format is set to STATEMENT and multi-row inserts are executed
on a table with an auto_increment column such that values are automatically
generated by MySQL, then the server node generates wrong auto_increment
values, which are different from what was generated on the async master.

In the title of the MDEV-9519 it was proposed to ban start slave on a Galera
if master binlog_format = statement and wsrep_auto_increment_control = 1,
but the problem can be solved without such a restriction.

The causes and fixes:

1. We need to improve processing of changing the auto-increment values
after changing the cluster size.

2. If wsrep auto_increment_control switched on during operation of
the node, then we should immediately update the auto_increment_increment
and auto_increment_offset global variables, without waiting of the next
invocation of the wsrep_view_handler_cb() callback. In the current version
these variables retain its initial values if wsrep_auto_increment_control
is switched on during operation of the node, which leads to inconsistent
results on the different nodes in some scenarios.

3. If wsrep auto_increment_control switched off during operation of the node,
then we must return the original values of the auto_increment_increment and
auto_increment_offset global variables, as the user has set. To make this
possible, we need to add a "shadow copies" of these variables (which stores
the latest values set by the user).

https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-9519

Backporting MDEV-15597 Add class Load_data_outvar and avoid using Item::STRING_ITEM for Item_user_var_as_out_param detection

This is a part of "MDEV-18045 Backporting the MDEV-15497 changes to 10.2 branch"

This is a part of "MDEV-18045 Backporting the MDEV-15497 changes to 10.2 branch"

This is a part of "MDEV-18045 Backporting the MDEV-15497 changes to 10.2 branch"

Since MySQL 5.6.16 (and MariaDB Server 10.0.11), changes of
buf_page_t::buf_fix_count are atomic memory operations if
PAGE_ATOMIC_REF_COUNT is defined. Since MySQL 5.7
(and MariaDB Server 10.2.2), the field is always updated
by atomic memory operations.

In a few occurrences, updates of the counter were unnecessarily
surrounded by an acquisition and release of the block mutex
(buf_block_t::mutex or buf_pool_t::zip_mutex). Remove these
unnecessary mutex operations.

Use fprintf(stderr) instead of msg() to print the version line

but even if this script called as /bin/mysql_install_db
it is still standard install and scripts are in /usr/share/
(but not in the /share/)
2. fix of bindir path

trx_rseg_t::is_persistent(): Correct a bogus debug assertion.

log_group_read_log_seg(): Always return false when returning
before reading end_lsn.

xtrabackup_copy_logfile(): On error, indicate whether
a corrupt log record was encountered.

Only xtrabackup_copy_logfile() in Mariabackup cared about the
return value of the function. InnoDB crash recovery was not
affected by this bug.

By pure chance the macro worked in the cases it was used, but
better to get this fixed!

dict_create_foreign_constraints_low(): Clean up the way in
which the error messages are initialized, and ensure that
the table name is always initialized.

Fix incremental prepare to copy #rocksdb subdirectory from the
incremental dir.

The variable is obsolete.
In mariabackup --backup, encryption plugin loading code sets the value
this parameter to the same as in server.

In mariabackup --prepare, no new redo  log is generated,
and xtrabackup_logfile is removed after it anyway.

cmake/submodules: notify user about gitconfig for automatic update

Co-Authored-By: grooverdan <daniel@linux.ibm.com>

Most of the mtr tests in the galera_3nodes suite fail
for a variety of reasons with a variety of errors.

This patch fixes several substantial flaws
in the galera_3nodes suite tests and in the mtr framework
service files, adapting the tests from galera_3nodes
for the current version of MariaDB.

This patch also synchronizes some galera_3nodes-related
files with the latest changes made for MDEV-17835 (v2 patch)
and for MDEV-18379 in other branches (10.2 and 10.3).

Closes #1161

The code path where the table was not being rebuilt during ALTER TABLE
was not covered by the test. Add coverage, and remove the debug assertion
that could fail in this case.

Followup for db8f0dae

and in fef9013d

fixes memory leaks in restart_mysqld.inc tests

Followup for 8f5ea83f

MDEV-18426: Most of the mtr tests in the galera_3nodes suite fail

Most of the mtr tests in the galera_3nodes suite fail
for a variety of reasons with a variety of errors.
Some tests simply need to add the missing "connection"
lines to the result files, but many of them fail due
to substantial errors that require reworking test files.

This patch adds the missing "connection" lines to
the result files and fixes several substantial flaws
in the galera_3nodes suite tests and in the mtr framework
service files, adapting the tests from galera_3nodes
for the current version of MariaDB.

https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-18426