dict_index_t::first_user_field(): Return the first data field in
a clustered index, that is, the field after the PRIMARY KEY and
the two system columns DB_TRX_ID, DB_ROLL_PTR.

dtuple_convert_big_rec(): Remove some local variables.

Ensure that no redo log checkpoint occurs in a critical section
of a recovery test.

The test is shutting down InnoDB, corrupting a file, and finally
restarting InnoDB. Before the shutdown, the test created the table
and inserted some records. Before MDEV-12288, there would be no access
to the table after server restart, but after MDEV-12288 purge would
reset the transaction identifier after the INSERT, and this would
sometimes happen after the restart.

To make the test deterministic, wait for purge to complete before the
shutdown.

Make the testcase stable

MDEV-17216 Assertion `!dt->fraction_remainder(decimals())' failed in Field_temporal_with_date::store_TIME_with_warning

The problem happened because {{Field_xxx::store(longlong nr, bool unsigned_val)}} erroneously passed {{unsigned_flag}} to the {{usec}} parameter of this constructor:
{code:cpp}
Datetime(int *warn, longlong sec, ulong usec, date_conv_mode_t flags)
{code}

1. Changing Time and Datetime constructors to accept data as Sec6 rather than as
longlong/double/my_decimal, so it's not possible to do such mistakes
in the future. Additional good effect of these changes:
- This reduced some amount of similar code (minus ~35 lines).
- The code now does not rely on the fact that "unsigned_flag" is
   not important inside Datetime().
  The constructor always gets all three parts: sign, integer part,
  fractional part. The simple the better.

2. Fixing Field_xxx::store() to use the new Datetime constructor format.
   This change actually fixes the problem.

3. Adding "explicit" keyword to all Sec6 constructors,
to avoid automatic hidden conversion from double/my_decimal to Sec6,
as well as from longlong/ulonglong through double to Sec6.

4. Change#1 caused (as a dependency) changes in a few places
   with code like this:

  bool neg= nr < 0 && !unsigned_val;
  ulonglong value= m_neg ? (ulonglong) -nr : (ulonglong) nr;

These fragments relied on a non-standard behavior with
the operator "minus" applied to the lowest possible negative
signed long long value. This can lead to different results
depending on the platform and compilation flags.
We have fixed such bugs a few times already.
So instead of modifying the old wrong code to a new wrong code,
replacing all such fragments to use Longlong_hybrid,
which correctly handles this special case with -LONGLONG_MIN
in its method abs().
This also reduced the amount of similar code
(1 or 2 new lines instead 3 old lines in all 6 such fragments).

5. Removing ErrConvInteger(longlong nr, bool unsigned_flag= false)
   and adding ErrConvInteger(Longlong_hybrid) instead, to encourage
   use of safe Longlong_hybrid instead of unsafe pairs nr+neg.

6. Removing unused ErrConvInteger from Item_cache_temporal::get_date()

Changed the build to use /MD flag so that DDL version of C runtime is used.

To make sure MariaDB is always runnable on target system, include
redistributable CRT libraries into installer.

For MSI package, use Microsoft's merge modules.
For ZIP  use "applocal" approach,i.e place redistributable dlls
into the bin directory of the package(via InstallRequiredSystemLibraries
cmake module) The space overhead of libraries in negligible, ~ 3MB unpacked.

There are 2 cases, where we still link C runtime statically

- Upgrade wizard, it uses MFC, and we link statically to avoid
redistribute also whole MFC (for this single application, does not
make much sense).

- MSI installer's custom action dll wixca.dll.Here, we need static link
so that MSI won't fail on a target system that does not have VC++2015
runtime already installed.

- Fixing portabibily problems in sql-common/my_time.c
  (and additionally in sql/sql_time.cc)

- Re-enabling func_time.test
  Now all new chunks added in MDEV-17351 work fine on all platforms.

			table for purge thread

Problem:
=======
	Purge tries to fetch mdl lock for the whole table even though it tries
to open one of the partition. But table name length was wrongly set to indicate
the partition name too.

Solution:
========
- Table name length should identify the table name only not the partition name.

		table for purge thread

Problem:
=======
	Purge tries to fetch mdl lock for the whole table even though it tries
to open one of the partition. But table name length was wrongly set to indicate
the partition name too.

Solution:
========
- Table name length should identify the table name only not the partition name.

          and join_cache_level=6

This bug was fixed by the patch for mdev-17382 applied to 5.5.

           derived table / view by equality

Now rows of a materialized derived table are always put into a
temporary table before join operation. If BNLH is used to join this
table with the result of a partial join then both operands of the
join are actually put into main memory. In most cases this is not
efficient.
We could avoid this by sending the rows of the derived table directly
to the join operation. However this kind of data flow is not supported
yet.
Fixed by not allowing usage of hash join algorithm to join a materialized
derived table if it's joined by an equality predicate of the form
f=e where f is a field of the derived table.

Change for the test case in 10.3: splitting must be turned off to preserve
the explain.

Problems:

Functions LEAST() and GREATEST() in TIME context, as well as functions
TIMESTAMP(a,b) and ADDTIME(a,b), returned confusing results when the
input TIME-alike value in a number or in a string was out of the TIME
supported range.

In case of TIMESTAMP(a,b) and ADDTIME(a,b), the second argument
value could get extra unexpected digits. For example, in:
    ADDTIME('2001-01-01 00:00:00', 10000000)  or
    ADDTIME('2001-01-01 00:00:00', '1000:00:00')
the second argument was converted to '838:59:59.999999'
with six fractional digits, which contradicted "decimals"
previously set to 0 in fix_length_and_dec().
These unexpected fractional digits led to confusing function results.

Changes:
1. GREATEST(), LEAST()

   - fixing Item_func_min_max::get_time_native()
   to respect "decimals" set by fix_length_and_dec().
   If a value of some numeric or string time-alike argument
   goes outside of the TIME range and gets limited to '838:59:59.999999',
   it's now right-truncated to the correct fractional precision.

   - fixing, Type_handler_temporal_result::Item_func_min_max_fix_attributes()
   to take into account arguments' time_precision() or datetime_precision(),
   rather than rely on "decimals" calculated by the generic implementation
   in Type_handler::Item_func_min_max_fix_attributes(). This makes
   GREATEST() and LEAST() return better data types, with the same
   fractional precision with what TIMESTAMP(a,b) and ADDTIME(a,b) return
   for the same arguments, and with DATE(a) and TIMESTAMP(a).

2. Item_func_add_time and Item_func_timestamp

   It was semantically wrong to apply the limit of the TIME data type
   to the argument "b", which plays the role of "INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND" here.
   Changing the code to fetch the argument "b" as INTERVAL rather than as TIME.

   The low level routine calc_time_diff() now gets the interval
   value without limiting to '838:59:59.999999', so in these examples:
     ADDTIME('2001-01-01 00:00:00', 10000000)
     ADDTIME('2001-01-01 00:00:00', '1000:00:00')
   calc_time_diff() gets '1000:00:00' as is.  The SQL function result
   now gets limited to the supported result data type range
   (datetime or time) inside calc_time_diff(), which now calculates
   the return value using the real fractional digits that
   came directly from the arguments (without the effect of limiting
   to the TIME range), so the result does not have any unexpected
   fractional digits any more.

   Detailed changes in TIMESTAMP() and ADDTIME():

   - Adding a new class Interval_DDhhmmssff. It's similar to Time, but:
     * does not try to parse datetime format, as it's not needed for
       functions TIMESTAMP() and ADDTIME().
     * does not cut values to '838:59:59.999999'

     The maximum supported Interval_DDhhmmssff's hard limit is
     'UINT_MAX32:59:59.999999'. The maximum used soft limit is:
     - '87649415:59:59.999999'   (in 'hh:mm:ss.ff' format)
     - '3652058 23:59:59.999999' (in 'DD hh:mm:ss.ff' format)
     which is a difference between:
     - TIMESTAMP'0001-01-01 00:00:00' and
     - TIMESTAMP'9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999'
     (the minimum datetime that supports arithmetic, and the
     maximum possible datetime value).

   - Fixing get_date() methods in the classes related to functions
     ADDTIME(a,b) and TIMESTAMP(a,b) to use the new class Interval_DDhhmmssff
     for fetching data from the second argument, instead of get_date().

   - Fixing fix_length_and_dec() methods in the classes related
     to functions ADDTIME(a,b) and TIMESTAMP(a,b) to use
     Interval_DDhhmmssff::fsp(item) instead of item->time_precision()
     to get the fractional precision of the second argument correctly.

   - Splitting the low level function str_to_time() into smaller pieces
     to reuse the code. Adding a new function str_to_DDhhmmssff(), to
     parse "INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND" values.

   After these changes, functions TIMESTAMP() and ADDTIME()
   return much more predictable results, in terms of fractional
   digits, and in terms of the overall result.

   The full ranges of DATETIME and TIME values are now covered by TIMESTAMP()
   and ADDTIME(), so the following can now be calculated:

    SELECT ADDTIME(TIMESTAMP'0001-01-01 00:00:00', '87649415:59:59.999999');
    -> '9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999'

    SELECT TIMESTAMP(DATE'0001-01-01', '87649415:59:59.999999')
    -> '9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999'

    SELECT ADDTIME(TIME'-838:59:59.999999', '1677:59:59.999998');
    -> '838:59:59.999999'

           derived table / view by equality

Now rows of a materialized derived table are always put into a
temporary table before join operation. If BNLH is used to join this
table with the result of a partial join then both operands of the
join are actually put into main memory. In most cases this is not
efficient.
We could avoid this by sending the rows of the derived table directly
to the join operation. However this kind of data flow is not supported
yet.
Fixed by not allowing usage of hash join algorithm to join a materialized
derived table if it's joined by an equality predicate of the form
f=e where f is a field of the derived table.

This was a bug in the code of MDEV-12387 "Push conditions into materialized
subqueries". The bug manifested itself in rather rare situations. An
affected query must contain IN subquery predicate whose left operand
was an outer field of a mergeable derived table or view and right operand
was a materialized subquery.
The erroneous code in fact stripped off the Item_direct_ref wrapper from
the left operand of the IN subquery predicate when building equalities
produced by the conversion of the predicate into a semi-join. As a result
the left operand was not considered as an outer reference anymore and
used_tables() was calculated incorrectly. This caused a crash in the
function optimize_keyuse().

Amend previous patch, so it works in all cases (also for "change user"
command, and for RESET CONNECTION in 10.3)

This warning come from a copy() operation of type:
memcpy(ptr, ptr+A, B), which is safe but produces a warning
when run with valgrind.

To avoid the warning, I added copy_or_move() method which uses
memmove() instead of memcpy().

In 10.3 the change in item_strfunc::Item_func_concat() has to be mirroed
in Item_func_concat_oracle() to avoid future valgrind warnings.

This is a regression caused by
commit 73af8af0
(MDEV-15325 Incomplete validation of missing tablespace during recovery).

If the recv_sys->addr_hash hash table ran out of memory, we would
have to do crash recovery in multiple passes. If some tablespaces were
missing, after the MDEV-15325 fix we would rescan the remaining redo log.
But, we could incorrectly reset the "rescan" flag. Because of this, we
would fail to apply some of the oldest redo log records to the data files.
(The recv_sys->addr_hash would only contain records from the latest
redo log scan batch.)

Fix:

After checking for missing tablespaces, reset the flag rescan=true,
so that all redo log records will be re-read and applied.

 - remove function prototype for shared memory (no more used), and VIO
members that are unused
 - Do not call DisconnectNamedPipe on pipe handle. CloseHandle() is enough.

Remove threads that are doing nothing but wait
- main thread now handles the connections
(if threadpool is used, also threadpool threads would wait for connections)
- thread for socket and pipe connections are removed
- shutdown thread is now removed, we wait for shutdown
notification in main thread as well
- kill_server() is also called inside the main thread, after connection
loop finished.

btr_cur_instant_root_init(): Check the "infimum" and "supremum"
record strings already here, and not later in btr_cur_instant_root_init().
In this way, we can properly reject files from later versions where
instant ALTER TABLE could support further operations that change the
format of InnoDB clustered indexes.

Output API function name, exception name, exception text

Because changes of the FIL_PAGE_TYPE or PAGE_INSTANT in the root
page are not undo-logged, it is possible that the fields suggest
that instant ADD COLUMN is in effect, even though no metadata
record exists. If the fields are set, proceed to fetch the
metadata record. If the metadata record does not exist, return
success if !index->is_instant().

Also, check that the "infimum" and "supremum" records carry the
strings in the root page. In a later format that supports instant
DROP COLUMN, we will have to store more information in the root
page, so that index->n_core_null_bytes can be determined accurately.

btr_cur_instant_init_low(): If columns were instantly added and dropped,
then index->is_instant() might not hold even though the root page type
was FIL_PAGE_TYPE_INSTANT. MariaDB 10.3 must refuse to open such files,
because instant DROP COLUMN is not supported.

Also, refuse to open the table if the metadata record has
wrong info OR status bits. Previously, we only refused to open
if both bits were wrong.