The st_blksize returned by fstat(2) is not documented to be
a power of 2, like we assumed in
commit 58252fff (MDEV-26040).
While on Linux, the st_blksize appears to report the file system
block size (which hopefully is not smaller than the sector size
of the underlying block device), on FreeBSD we observed
st_blksize values that might have been something similar to st_size.

Also IBM AIX was affected by this. A simple test case would
lead to a crash when using the minimum innodb_buffer_pool_size=5m
on both FreeBSD and AIX:

seq -f 'create table t%g engine=innodb select * from seq_1_to_200000;' \
1 100|mysql test&
seq -f 'create table u%g engine=innodb select * from seq_1_to_200000;' \
1 100|mysql test&

We will fix this by not trusting st_blksize at all, and assuming that
the smallest allowed write size (for O_DIRECT) is 4096 bytes. We hope
that no storage systems with larger block size exist. Anything larger
than 4096 bytes should be unlikely, given that it is the minimum
virtual memory page size of many contemporary processors.

MariaDB Server on Microsoft Windows was not affected by this.

While the 512-byte sector size of the venerable Seagate ST-225 is still
in widespread use, the minimum innodb_page_size is 4096 bytes, and
innodb_log_file_size can be set in integer multiples of 65536 bytes.

The only occasion where InnoDB uses smaller data file block sizes than
4096 bytes is with ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tables with KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=1
or KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=2 (or innodb_page_size=4096). For such tables,
we will from now on preallocate space in integer multiples of 4096 bytes
and let regular writes extend the file by 1024, 2048, or 3072 bytes.

The view INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES.FS_BLOCK_SIZE
should report the raw st_blksize.

For page_compressed tables, the function fil_space_get_block_size()
will map to 512 any st_blksize value that is larger than 4096.

os_file_set_size(): Assume that the file system block size is 4096 bytes,
and only support extending files to integer multiples of 4096 bytes.

fil_space_extend_must_retry(): Round down the preallocation size to
an integer multiple of 4096 bytes.

Reviewed by: serg@mariadb.com
             daniel@mariadb.org

Improve documentation of performance_schema tables by appending COLUMN
comments to tables. Additionally improve test coverage and update corresponding
tests.

failed upon killed TRUNCATE

Note: This is a backport of 1cb4caa6 from
10.3
Analysis: Assertion failure happens because less session memory is set and so
table can't be reopened. So the statement can't be used. This error goes
unreported.
Fix: Return the error state.

because the summary is incorrect after the first run anyway

As highlighted in https://bugs.gentoo.org/807995,
people occasionaly run tests in the 20:00->23:59:59 time range.

Fixes 265e3253

binlog.binlog_stm_ctype_ucs 'mix'        w1 [ fail ]
        Test ended at 2021-08-11 22:55:35

CURRENT_TEST: binlog.binlog_stm_ctype_ucs
--- /var/tmp/portage/dev-db/mariadb-10.5.11/work/mysql/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_stm_ctype_ucs.result    2021-06-18 18:19:11.000000000 +0800
+++ /var/tmp/portage/dev-db/mariadb-10.5.11/work/mysql/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_stm_ctype_ucs.reject    2021-08-11 22:55:34.993447479 +0800
@@ -76,21 +76,21 @@
 /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
 DELIMITER /*!*/;
 # at #
-#YYMMDD HH:MM:SS server id #  end_log_pos # CRC32 XXX  Start: binlog v 4, server v #.##.## created YYMMDD HH:MM:SS
+#210811 22:55:34 server id #  end_log_pos # CRC32 XXX  Start: binlog v 4, server v #.##.## created 210811 22:55:34

Per https://bugs.gentoo.org/807995

The test failed with:

CURRENT_TEST: binlog.binlog_flush_binlogs_delete_domain
— /tmp/mariadb-10.5.11/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_flush_binlogs_delete_domain.result 2021-06-18 18:19:11.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/mariadb-10.5.11/mysql-test/suite/binlog/r/binlog_flush_binlogs_delete_domain.reject 2021-09-01 22:55:29.406655479 +0800
@@ -85,6 +85,6 @@
ERROR HY000: The value of gtid domain being deleted ('4294967296') exceeds its maximum size of 32 bit unsigned integer
FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID = (4294967295);
Warnings:
-Warning 1076 The gtid domain being deleted ('4294967295') is not in the current binlog state
+Warning 1076 The gtid domain being deleted ('18446744073709551615') is not in the current binlog state
DROP TABLE t;
RESET MASTER;

mysqltest: Result length mismatch

ptr_domain_id is a uint32* so explicitly cast this when printing it out.

Thanks Marek Szuba for the bug report and testing the patch.

We need to set temporary buffer large enough to fit also multi-byte
characters.

Move --error on --reap where it belongs and take a account that
there could be different return codes.

This stress tests fails on not sufficiently tweaked windows boxes,due
to rapid succession of connects and disconnects, making Windows run out
of ephemeral ports.

Approved by author of the test (the author is happy to see it removed)

echo is needed for the tests

Add a possibility to run MTR tests on a release zip

we don't build debian release builds with them anyway,
but let's make it explicit, independently on what happens to be
installed on the builder.

THD::copy_db_to(): Always return true if the output parameter
was left uninitialized. This fixes a regression that was caused
by commit 7d0d934c (MDEV-16473).

MariaDB Server 10.3 and later were unaffected by this bug
thanks to commit a7e352b5.

Possibly this bug only affects mysql_list_fields()
in the Embedded Server (libmysqld).

This bug was found by GCC 11.2.0 in CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo.

init_mutex_v1_t: Stop lying that the mutex parameter is const.
GCC 11.2.0 assumes that it is and could complain about any mysql_mutex_t
being uninitialized even after mysql_mutex_init() as long as
PLUGIN_PERFSCHEMA is enabled.

init_rwlock_v1_t, init_cond_v1_t: Remove untruthful const qualifiers.

Note: init_socket_v1_t is expecting that the socket fd has already
been created before PSI_SOCKET_CALL(init_socket), and therefore that
parameter really is being treated as a pointer to const.

if all options from a combination from the combinations file are already
present in the server's list of options, then don't try to run tests
in other combinations from this file.

old behavior was: if at least one option from a combination is
already present in the list...

Thanks to Theodore Brockman on Zulip for noticing
on an OSX ARM64 and testing this patch.

Per https://github.com/google/cpu_features/pull/150/files
CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR is arm64 on Apple.

Without this, compulation error:

[ 80%] Building CXX object storage/rocksdb/CMakeFiles/rocksdblib.dir/rocksdb/util/crc32c.cc.o
/mariadb/storage/rocksdb/rocksdb/util/crc32c.cc:500:18: error: use of undeclared identifier 'isSSE42'
  has_fast_crc = isSSE42();
                 ^
/mariadb/storage/rocksdb/rocksdb/util/crc32c.cc:1230:7: error: use of undeclared identifier 'isSSE42'
  if (isSSE42()) {
      ^
/mariadb/storage/rocksdb/rocksdb/util/crc32c.cc:1231:9: error: use of undeclared identifier 'isPCLMULQDQ'
    if (isPCLMULQDQ()) {
        ^

This can be reverted when the RocksDB submodule is updated.

https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/commit/ee4bd4780b321ddb5f92a0f4eb956f2a2ebd60dc

FLUSH PRIVILEGES hasn't been needed for very many years.

Changes:
- Don't include port in connection parameters with 'localhost' hostname

More info:
The hostname, if not specified or specified as '' or 'localhost', will default
to a MySQL server running on the local machine using the default for the UNIX socket.
To connect to a MySQL server on the local machine via TCP, you must specify the
loopback IP address (127.0.0.1) as the host.

Reported issue: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1976224

Currently @@version_compile_machine is used by mtr
to determine if the compiled executable is 32 or 64
bits.

We extend that logic by ensuring that if the DEFAUT_MACHINE
name doesn't have "64" in its string, "-64bits" is appended
to ensure these test pass.

To avoid potential race conditions between concurrent access to
dict_table_t::freed_indexes, let us consistently use
dict_table_t::autoinc_mutex.

dict_table_remove_from_cache_low(): To avoid extensive hold time
of table->autoinc_mutex, unconditionally free the FTS data structures.

Problem:
=======
The last AHI page for two indexes of an dropped table is being
freed at the same time by two threads. One thread frees the
table heap and other thread tries to access table heap again.
It leads to asan failure in btr_search_lazy_free().

Solution:
========
InnoDB uses autoinc_mutex to avoid the race condition
in btr_search_lazy_free()

The "$mysql_statedir/debian-$MAJOR_VER.flag" is not used by any
maintainer script ("$mysql_datadir/debian-$MAJOR_VER.flag" is used,
https://github.com/MariaDB/server/blob/10.6/debian/mariadb-server-10.6.postinst#L164).

See: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=985870

Fix also some minor typo.

Designated initializers were introduced in ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (C99),
but the C code base of MariaDB is supposed to be compatible with the
1990 version of the standard.

The InnoDB code based was switched from C to C++ in
MySQL 5.6 and MariaDB 10.0. C++ did not introduce syntax for
designated initializers until ISO/IEC 14882:2020.
Our C++ code base is still stuck with the 2011 or earlier version of
that standard.

Therefore, this check as well as the macro STRUCT_FLD are best removed.

PageConverter::update_index_page(): Always validate the PAGE_INDEX_ID.
Failure to do so could cause a crash when iterating
secondary index pages. This was caught by the 10.4 test
innodb.full_crc32_import.

Due to an integer overflow an invalid size of ref_pointer_array could be
allocated.

Using size_t allows this continue. Allocation failures are
handled gracefully if the value is too big.

Thanks to Zuming Jiang for the bug report and fuzzing MariaDB.

Reviewer: Sanja

Main idea: don't log-and-crash but propogate error to the upper layers of stack
to handle it and show to a user.