Log MDL state transitions. Trace-friendly message
format. DBUG_LOCK_FILE replaced by thread-local storage.

Logged states legend:
  Seized   lock was acquired without waiting
  Waiting  lock is waiting
  Acquired lock was acquired after waiting
  Released lock was released
  Deadlock lock was aborted due to deadlock
  Timeout  lock was aborted due to timeout >0
  Nowait   lock was aborted due to zero timeout
  Killed   lock was aborted due to kill message
  OOM	   can not acquire because out of memory

Usage:
  mtr --mysqld=--debug=d,mdl,query:i:o,/tmp/mdl.log

Cleanup from garbage messages:
  sed -i -re \
  '/(mysql|performance_schema|sys|mtr)\// d; /MDL_BACKUP_/ d' \
  /tmp/mdl.log

The Spider mixes the comma join with other join types, and thus
ERROR 1054 occurs. This is well-known issue caused by the higher
precedence of JOIN over the comma (,).

We can fix the problem simply by using JOINs instead of commas.

prepare_inplace_alter_table_dict(): If the table will not be rebuilt,
preserve all of the original ROW_FORMAT, including the compressed
page size flags related to ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED.

hex_to_ascii(): Add #if around the definition to avoid
clang -Wunused-function. Avoid GCC 5 -Wconversion with a cast.

buf_page_print(): Dump the buffer page 32 bytes (64 hexadecimal digits)
per line. In this way, the limitation in mtr
("Data too long for column 'line'") will not be triggered.

Also, do not bother decoding the page contents, because everything
is present in the hexadecimal output.

dict_index_find_on_id_low(): Merge to dict_index_get_if_in_cache_low().
The direct call in buf_page_print() was prone to crashing, in case the
table definition was concurrently evicted or dropped from the
data dictionary cache.

Spider supports (or at least allows) INSERT DELAYED but the
documentation does not specify spider as a storage engine that supports
"INSERT DELAYED".
Also, although not mentioned in the documentation, "INSERT DELAYED" is
not intended to be executed inside a transaction, as can be seen from
the list of supported storage engines.
The current implementation allows executing a delayed insert on a
remote transactional table and this breaks the consistency ensured by
the transaction.

We too remove "internal_delayed", one of the Spider table parameters.
Documentation says,

> Whether to transmit existence of delay to remote servers when
> executing an INSERT DELAYED statement on local server.

This table parameter is only used for "INSERT DELAYED".

Reviewed by: Nayuta Yanagisawa

MDEV-22590 SIGSEGV in flush_all_key_blocks when changing key_buffer_size / ASAN: heap-use-after-free in flush_all_key_blocks

Take into account that in preparation of a simple key cache for resizing no disk blocks might be assigned to it.

Reviewer: IgorBabaev <igor@mariadb.com>

This commit contains workaround for a bug known as 'Red Hat issue 1870279'
(connection reset by peer issue in socat versions 1.7.3.3 to 1.7.4.0) which
further causes crashes during SST using mariabackup (when openssl is used).

Also fixed broken logic of automatic generation of the Diffie-Hellman parameters
for socat version less than 1.7.3 (which defaults to 512-bit values instead of
2048-bit ones).

Disable static build for encryption plugin file_key_management

Recent adventures in liburing and btrfs have shown up some kernel
version dependent bugs. Having a bug report of accurace kernel version
can start to correlate these errors sooner.

On Linux, /proc/version contains the kernel version.

FreeBSD has kern.version (per man 8 sysctl), so include that too.

Example output:

Max nice priority         0                    0
Max realtime priority     0                    0
Max realtime timeout      unlimited            unlimited            us
Core pattern: |/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-coredump %P %u %g %s %t %c %h

Kernel version: Linux version 5.19.0-0.rc2.21.fc37.x86_64 (mockbuild@bkernel01.iad2.fedoraproject.org) (gcc (GCC) 12.1.1 20220507 (Red Hat 12.1.1-1), GNU ld version 2.38-14.fc37) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Jun 13 15:27:24 UTC 2022

Segmentation fault (core dumped)

it starts an EXPLAIN of a multi-table join and tries to KILL it.
no sync points.
depending on how fast the hareware is and optimizer development
it might kill EXPLAIN at some random point in time (generally unrelated
to the Bug#28598 it was supposed to test) or EXPLAIN might finish
before the KILL and the test will fail.

The reasons sited for disabling this test in MDEV-16172 where
disputed.

We do not really care about the exact result; we only care that the
statistics will be accessed. The result could change depending on
when some statistics were updated in the background or when some
committed delete-marked rows were purged from other tables on
which persistent statistics are enabled.

MDEV-21027 Assertion `part_share->auto_inc_initialized || !can_use_for_auto_inc_init()' failed in ha_partition::set_auto_increment_if_higher

ha_partition::set_auto_increment_if_higher expects
part_share->auto_inc_initialized is true or can_use_for_auto_inc_init()
is false (but as the comment of this method says, it returns false
only if we use Spider engine with DROP TABLE or ALTER TABLE query).
However, part_share->auto_inc_initialized becomes true only after all
partitions are opened (since 6dce6aec).

Therefore, I added a conditional expression in order to read all
partitions when we execute REPLACE on a table that has an
AUTO_INCREMENT column.           

Reviewed by: Nayuta Yanagisawa
Reviewed by: Alexey Botchkov

if a test can run in cond1,cond2 and cond1,cond3 then they can happen
to run in parallel and both wanting to create test,cond1.result~

Current Debian package revision scheme when using
debian/autobake-deb.sh script is:
  '1:VERSION+maria~LSBNAME'

For example if VERSION can be like 10.6.8 and LSBNAME is
buster then version and revision is:
  '1:10.6.8+maria~buster'
Which can lead to problem as distro code names can be lexical unordered.

For example Debian LSBNAME's can be:
  Codename Buster is Debian version 10
  Codename Bookworm is Debian version 11

This happens because in ASCII table
Buster first two digits are 'Bu' and they are in hex 0x42 and 0x75
and Bookworm first digits 'Bo' are they are in hex 0x42 and 0x6F
When apt is upgrading it  means that:
  1:10.6.8+maria~buster is bigger than 1:10.6.8+maria~bookworm
and that leads to problems in dist-upgrade process

To solve problem revision format is changed to:
  '1:VERSION+maria~(deb|ubu)LSBVERSION'

Example for Debian 11 is now:
  1:10.6.8+maria~deb11

and for Ubuntu 22.04 is now:
  1:10.6.8+maria~ubu2204

There are new Variables
 * VERSION which contains whole version string
 * LSBVERSION which contains LSB version of distro
 * LSBID which contains LSB ID (Debian or Ubuntu)
added to debian/autobake-deb.sh.

Also CODENAME is change to LSBNAME as it's more declaritive

MDEV-26127 Assertion `err != DB_DUPLICATE_KEY' failed or InnoDB: Failing assertion: id != 0 on ALTER ... REBUILD PARTITION

During rebuild of partition, the partitioning engine calls
alter_close_table(), which does not unlock and close some table
instances of the target table.
Then, the engine fails to rename partitions because there are table
instances that are still locked.

Closing all the table instance of the target table fixes the bug.

Test prior to this change:

CURRENT_TEST: connect.mysql
mysqltest: At line 485: query 'INSERT IGNORE INTO t3 VALUES (5),(10),(30)' failed: ER_GET_ERRMSG (1296): Got error 122 '(1062) Duplicate entry '10' for key 'PRIMARY' [INSERT INTO `t1` (`a`) VALUES (10)]' from CONNECT

So the ignore table option wasn't getting passed to the remove server.
Closes #2008

File '/usr/bin/mariadb_config' has been moved from Debian package
libmariadbd-dev to libmariadb-dev since MariaDB version 10.2
this leads to situation where upgrade will no succeed but fail
with this kind of error message

 * trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/mariadb_config', which is also in package libmariadbd-dev 1:10.2.44+maria~bionic

Add libmariadbd-dev to libmariadb-dev Debian control files
'Breaks' solve situation and upgrading won't error anymore

PageConverter::update_header(): Remove an unnecessary write.
The field that was originally called FIL_PAGE_FILE_FLUSH_LSN only
made sense for the first page of the system tablespace
(initially, for the first page of each file of the system tablespace).
It never had any meaning for .ibd files, and it lost its original
meaning in MariaDB Server 10.8.1 when
commit b07920b6 (MDEV-27199)
removed the ability to start without ib_logfile0.

If the most significant 32 bits of the LSN are nonzero, this
unnecessary write would write the wrong encryption key identifier
to the page. The first page of any file is never encrypted,
so normally those bytes should be 0 for any .ibd file.

The zoneinfo directory is littered with non-timezone information files.

These frequently contain extensions, not present in real timezone files.

Alo leapseconds is frequently there and is not a timezone file.

The else condition is meant to be here to define the functions
if the Red Hat include file isn't there.

Fixes: commit 467011bc / MDEV-26614

RedHat -> Red Hat by Daniel Black

ha_innobase::build_template may initialize m_prebuilt->idx_cond
even if there is no valid pushed_idx_cond_keyno.
This potentially problematic piece of code was found while
working on MDEV-27366

MariaDB never supported this form of preemption via high-priority
transactions. This error code shold not have been added in the
first place, in commit 2e814d47.

otherwise following tests that crash the server will see them
corrupted

(Try 2) (Cherry-pick back into 10.3)

The code that updates semi-join optimization state for a join order prefix
had several bugs. The visible effect was bad optimization for FirstMatch or
LooseScan strategies: they either weren't considered when they should have
been, or considered when they shouldn't have been.

In order to hit the bug, the optimizer needs to consider several different
join prefixes in a certain order. Queries with "obvious" query plans which
prune all join orders except one are not affected.

Internally, the bugs in updates of semi-join state were:
1. restore_prev_sj_state() assumed that
  "we assume remaining_tables doesnt contain @tab"
  which wasn't true.
2. Another bug in this function: it did remove bits from
   join->cur_sj_inner_tables but never added them.
3. greedy_search() adds tables into the join prefix but neglects to update
   the semi-join optimization state. (It does update nested outer join
   state, see this call:
     check_interleaving_with_nj(best_table)
   but there's no matching call to update the semi-join state.
   (This wasn't visible because most of the state is in the POSITION
    structure which is updated. But there is also state in JOIN, too)

The patch:
- Fixes all of the above
- Adds JOIN::dbug_verify_sj_inner_tables() which is used to verify the
  state is correct at every step.
- Renames advance_sj_state() to optimize_semi_joins().
  = Introduces update_sj_state() which ideally should have been called
    "advance_sj_state" but I didn't reuse the name to not create confusion.

In any files that were created in the
innodb_checksum_algorithm=full_crc32 format
(commit c0f47a4a)
any unused data fields will have been zero-initialized
(commit 3926673c).

DBUG_PUSH_EMPTY is used by thr_mutex.cc.
If there are 4G of DBUG_PUSH_EMPTY calls, then DBUG_POP_EMPTY will
cause a crash when DBUGCloseFile() will try to free an object that
was never allocated.