MDEV-12323 Rollback progress log messages during crash recovery are intermixed with unrelated log messages

trx_roll_must_shutdown(): During the rollback of recovered transactions,
report progress and check if the rollback should be interrupted because
of a pending shutdown.

trx_roll_max_undo_no, trx_roll_progress_printed_pct: Remove, along with
the messages that were interleaved with other messages.

row_undo_step(), trx_rollback_active(): Abort the rollback of a
recovered ordinary transaction if fast shutdown has been initiated.

trx_rollback_resurrected(): Convert an aborted-rollback transaction
into a fake XA PREPARE transaction, so that fast shutdown can proceed.

MDEV-13797 InnoDB may hang if shutdown is initiated soon after startup while rolling back recovered incomplete transactions

trx_rollback_resurrected(): If shutdown was initiated, fake all
remaining active transactions to XA PREPARE state, so that shutdown
can proceed. Also, make the parameter "all" an output that will be
assigned to FALSE in this case.

trx_rollback_or_clean_recovered(): Remove the shutdown check
(it was moved to trx_rollback_resurrected()).

trx_undo_free_prepared(): Relax assertions.

On Windows, sometimes more files stay open:

[Warning] InnoDB: innodb_open_files=13 is exceeded (15 files stay open)

MDEV-14401: Stored procedure that declares a handler that catches ER_LOCK_DEADLOCK error causes thd->is_error() assertion

This was missing bug fix from MySQL wsrep i.e. Galera.
Problem was that if stored procedure declares a handler that
catches deadlock error, then the error may have been
cleared in method sp_rcontext::handle_sql_condition().
Use wsrep_conflict_state correctly to determine is the
error already sent to client.

Add test case for both this bug and MDEV-12837: WSREP: BF
lock wait long. Test requires both fixes to pass.

This is 10.1 version where no merge error exists.

wsrep_on_check
        New check function. Galera can't be enabled
        if innodb-lock-schedule-algorithm=VATS.

innobase_kill_query
        In Galera async kill we could own lock mutex.

innobase_init
        If Variance-Aware-Transaction-Sheduling Algorithm (VATS) is
        used on Galera we refuse to start InnoDB.

Changed innodb-lock-schedule-algorithm as read-only parameter
as it was designed to be.

lock_rec_other_has_expl_req,
lock_rec_other_has_conflicting,
lock_rec_lock_slow
lock_table_other_has_incompatible
lock_rec_insert_check_and_lock

        Change pointer to conflicting lock to normal pointer as this
        pointer contents could be changed later.

This was caused by my earlier fix for rpl.rpl_row_log_innodb :(

dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool(): Release the mutex

MDEV-14587 dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool() fails to call dict_table_close() when index==NULL

dict_stats_process_entry_from_defrag_pool(): Simplify the logic,
and always call dict_table_close() when dict_table_open() returned
a non-NULL handle.

Problem was that Binlog_checkpoint can happen at random times.
Fixed by not write binlog_checkpoint for the rpl_log test.

Other things:
- Removed not used variable "$keep_gtid_events"
- Added option for show_binlog_events to skip binlog_checkpoint

is detected.

The checksum mismatch can be due to partial write, thus retry the read

for multi-file innodb_data_file_path.

Use fil_extend_space_to_desired_size() to correctly extend system
tablespace. Make sure to get tablespace size from the first tablespace
part.

- introduce system check for posix_memalign (not available on Solaris 10)
- Disable dtrace probes, to fix weird link errors in mariabackup

this fixes aae49327

* cast pthread_t for printf
* don't use RTLD_NOLOAD
* tokudb fails without F_NOCACHE and O_DIRECT - ditto

"sed -r" fails on labrador. Don't use sed, use perl.

MariaDB adjustments to test case innodb-replace-debug and
add missing instrumentation to row0ins.cc.

MariaDB 10.1 does not seem to be affected.

Add missing instrumentation to row0ins.cc.

Imported missing test case from MySQL 5.7 for

commit 25781c154396dbbc21023786aa3be070057d6999
Author: Annamalai Gurusami <annamalai.gurusami@oracle.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 24 14:00:03 2014 +0530

    Bug #17604730 ASSERTION: *CURSOR->INDEX->NAME == TEMP_INDEX_PREFIX

MariaDB adjustments to test case innodb-replace-debug.

MariaDB 10.0 does not seem to be affected.

Imported missing test case from MySQL 5.7 for

commit 25781c154396dbbc21023786aa3be070057d6999
Author: Annamalai Gurusami <annamalai.gurusami@oracle.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 24 14:00:03 2014 +0530

    Bug #17604730 ASSERTION: *CURSOR->INDEX->NAME == TEMP_INDEX_PREFIX

With combination of --log-bin and Galera the server may crash
reporting two characteristic stacks:

  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG13mark_xid_doneEmb+0xc7)[0x7f182a8e2cb7]
  /usr/sbin/mysqld(binlog_background_thread+0x2b5)[0x7f182a8e3275]

or

  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG21do_checkpoint_requestEm+0x9d)[0x7ff395b2dafd]
  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG20checkpoint_and_purgeEm+0x11)[0x7ff395b2db91]
  /usr/sbin/mysqld(_ZN13MYSQL_BIN_LOG16rotate_and_purgeEb+0xc2)[0x7ff395b300b2]

The reason of the failure appears to be non-matching decrements for
  `xid_count_per_binlog::xid_count`
which can occur when a transaction is executed having its connection issued
`SET @@sql_log_bin=0`. In such case the xid count is not incremented but
its decrements still runs to turn `binlog_xid_count_list` into improper state
which the following FLUSH BINARY LOGS exposes through the crash.

*Note_1*: the regression test reuses an existing galera.sql_log_bin
which does not run stably (even in its base form) by mtr with --log-bin.

*Note_2*: 10.0-galera branch is free of this issue having missed MDEV-7205
fixes.

As reported in MDEV-11969 "there's no way to ditch knowledge" about some
domain that is no longer updated on a server. Besides being of annoyance to
clutter output in DBA console stale domains can prevent the slave
to connect the master as MDEV-12012 witnesses.
What domain is obsolete must be evaluated by the user (DBA) according
to whether the domain info is still relevant and will the domain ever
receive any update.

This patch introduces a method to discard obsolete gtid domains from
the server binlog state. The removal requires no event group from such
domain present in existing binlog files though. If there are any the
containing logs must be first PURGEd in order for

  FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID=(list-of-domains)

succeed. Otherwise the command returns an error.

The list of obsolete domains can be computed through
intersecting two sets - the earliest (first) binlog's Gtid_list
and the current value of @@global.gtid_binlog_state - and extracting
the domain id components from the intersection list items.
The new DELETE_DOMAIN_ID featured FLUSH continues to rotate binlog
omitting the deleted domains from the active binlog file's Gtid_list.
Notice though when the command is ineffective - that none of requested to delete
domain exists in the binlog state - rotation does not occur.

Obsolete domain deletion is not harmful for connected slaves as long
as master side binlog files *purge* is synchronized with FLUSH-DELETE_DOMAIN_ID.
The slaves must have the last event from purged files processed as usual,
in order not to bump later into requesting a gtid from a file which
was already gone.
While the command is not replicated (as ordinary FLUSH BINLOG LOGS is)
slaves, even though having extra domains, won't suffer from reconnection errors
thanks to master-slave gtid connection protocol allowing the master
to be ignorant about a gtid domain.
Should at failover such slave to be promoted into master role it may run
the ex-master's

 FLUSH BINARY LOGS DELETE_DOMAIN_ID=(list-of-domains)

to clean its own binlog state.

NOTES.
  suite/perfschema/r/start_server_low_digest.result
is re-recorded as consequence of internal parser codes changes.

Use utf-mb4 if it is possible.

Repeat reworked solution of procedures for all posible Sp (functions &
triggers).

Do not do reopen_fstreams/setbuf twice during server startup on Windows.
fprintf(stderr,..) might crash, if setbuf is executed at the same time.