Though this is an error message task, the problem was deep in the
`mysql_prepare_create_table` implementation. The problem is described as
follows:

1. `append_system_key_parts` was called before
`mysql_prepare_create_table`, though key name generation was done close to
the latest stage of the latter.
2. We can't move `append_system_key_parts` in the end, because system keys
should be appended before some checks done.
3. If the checks from `append_system_key_parts` are moved to the end of
`mysql_prepare_create_table`, then some other inappropriate errors are
issued. like `ER_DUP_FIELDNAME`.

To have key name specified in error message, name generation should be done
before the checks, which consequenced in more changes.

The final design for key initialization in `mysql_prepare_create_table`
follows. The initialization is done in three phases:
1. Calculate a total number of keys created with respect to keys ignored.
 Allocate KEY* buffer.
2. Generate unique names; calculate a total number of key parts.
 Make early checks. Allocate KEY_PART_INFO* buffer.
3. Initialize key parts, make the rest of the checks.

`ha_heap::clone` was creating a handler by share's handlerton, which is
partition handlerton.

handler's handlerton should be used instead.

Here in particular, HEAP handlerton will be used and it will create ha_heap
handler.

The bug was fixed by MDEV-22599 bugfix, which changed `Field::cmp` call
to `Field::cmp_prefix` in `TABLE::check_period_overlaps`.

The trick is that `Field_bit::cmp` apparently calls `Field_bit::cmp_key`,
which condiders an argument an actual pointer to data, which isn't correct
for `Field_bit`, since it stores data by `bit_ptr`. which is in the
beginning of the record, and using `ptr` is incorrect (we use it through
`ptr_in_record` call)

After Sergei's cleanup this assertion is not actual anymore -- we can't
predict if the handler was used for lookup, especially in multi-update
scenario.

`position(old_data)` is made earlier in `ha_check_overlaps`, therefore it
is guaranteed that we compare right refs.

The problem here was that ha_check_overlaps internally uses ha_index_read,
which in case of fail overwrites table->status. Even though the handlers
are different, they share a common table, so the value is anyway spoiled.
This is bad, and table->status is badly designed and overweighted by
functionality, but nothing can be done with it, since the code related to
this logic is ancient and it's impossible to extract it with normal effort.

So let's just save and restore the value in ha_update_row before and after
the checks.

Other operations like INSERT and simple UPDATE are not in risk, since they
don't use this table->status approach.
DELETE does not do any unique checks, so it's also safe.

1. Subtracting table->record[0] from record is UB (non-contiguous buffers)
2. It is very popular to use move_field_offset, which changes Field::ptr,
but leaves table->record[0] unchanged. This makes a ptr_in_record result
incorrect, since it relies on table->record[0] value.
The check ensures the result is within the queried record boundaries.

buf_flush_try_neighbors(): Before invoking buf_page_t::ready_for_flush(),
check that the freshly looked up buf_pool.page_hash entry actually is
a buffer page and not a buf_pool.watch[] sentinel for purge buffering.

This race condition was introduced in MDEV-15053
(commit b1ab211d).
It is rather hard to hit this bug, because
buf_flush_check_neighbors() already checked the condition.
The problem exists if buf_pool.watch_set() was invoked for
a page in the range after the check in buf_flush_check_neighbor()
had been finished.

Thanks to Varun Gupta for suggesting this. This seems to
make main.innodb_ext_key,off more stable.

Invoking memcpy() on a NULL pointer is undefined behaviour
(even if the length is 0) and gives the compiler permission to
assume that the pointer is nonnull. Recent versions of GCC
(starting with version 8) are more aggressively optimizing away
checks for NULL pointers. This undefined behaviour would cause
a SIGSEGV in the test main.func_encrypt on an optimized debug build
on GCC 10.2.0.

This regression was introduced in
commit afc9d00c.
This is a partial backport of
commit 199863d7 from 10.4.

 MDEV-24033: SIGSEGV in __memcmp_avx2_movbe from queue_insert | SIGSEGV in __memcmp_avx2_movbe from native_compare

The issue here was the system variable max_sort_length was being applied
to decimals and it was truncating the value for decimals to the number
of bytes set by max_sort_length.
This was leading to a buffer overflow as the values were written
to the buffer without truncation and then we moved the offset to
the number of bytes(set by max_sort_length), that are needed for comparison.

The fix is to not apply max_sort_length for fixed size types like INT,
DECIMALS and only apply max_sort_length for CHAR, VARCHARS, TEXT and
BLOBS.

Also, revert the work-around for the test that was attempted in
commit 85613a32.

This issue was caught by MemorySanitizer as well as on the
Microsoft Windows debug builds, thanks to /MD being used
starting with 10.4.

The code fix will also be applied to 10.2 because the regression
was introduced in commit afc9d00c.

Test itself is not deterministic.

Disable galera_var_replicate_myisam until fixed on 10.4

Corrects: 7803601d

Use 9 byte (min length packet)

This bug was already fixed in a previous commit.
Added test case from the MDEV to prove it's fixed.

The crash happens because a double free in the case CREATE TABLE fails
because there is a conflicting tables on disk.

Fixed by ensuring that the double free can't happen.

On my system, OpenSuse, I got a compilation error that some arguments
to getgrouplist() where not initialized

For some reason, in the test main,innodb_ext_key,off
we frequently get unexpected EXPLAIN output, in particular
on Microsoft Windows debug builders. Let us comment out that
EXPLAIN statement for now.

The problem was that opt_sum_query() was, as part of MIN/MAX optimization,
doing read operations on constant tables that where already closed

Fixed by ensuring we don't try to read from tables that are closed.

Starting with commit ef3f71fa
MemorySanitizer would complain that we are writing uninitialized
data via the doublewrite buffer.

buf_dblwr_t::add_to_batch(): Zero out any unused part of the
doublewrite buffer, for PAGE_COMPRESSED and ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED
tables.

Reviewed by: Eugene Kosov

This prevents the clash between NOT_FIXED_DEC differing between server
and plugins if MYSQL_SERVER is not defined during plugin compilation.

It's a virtual method and it can't be inlined anyway. This allows type
plugins (mysql_json in particular) to use Type_handler_blob and / or
subclass it, without needing to explicitly expose the
vers_type_timestamp object.

Cleanup other linker errors