There were two problems:

(1) If user wanted same time zone information on all nodes in the Galera
cluster all updates were not replicated as time zone information was
stored on MyISAM tables. This is fixed on Galera by altering time zone
tables to InnoDB while they are modified.

(2) If user wanted different time zone information to nodes in the Galera
cluster TRUNCATE TABLE for time zone tables was replicated by Galera
destroying time zone information from other nodes. This is fixed
on Galera by introducing new option for mysql_tzinfo_to_sql_symlink
tool --skip-write-binlog to disable Galera replication while
time zone tables are modified.

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   mysql-test/r/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql_symlink.result
	modified:   mysql-test/suite/wsrep/r/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql_symlink.result
	new file:   mysql-test/suite/wsrep/r/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql_symlink_skip.result
	new file:   mysql-test/suite/wsrep/t/mysql_tzinfo_to_sql_symlink_skip.test
	modified:   sql/tztime.cc

When discounting selectivity of ref access, don't discount the
selectivity we've already discounted for range access.

The 10.1 version of the fix. Will need to adjust condition filtering
test results in 10.4

A histogram size that is odd in size with DOUBLE precision will leave the last
byte unwritten. When collecting histograms, this causes the last byte to
be uninitialized in the record. memset the buffer to 0 first to make
sure this does not happen.

Skip the test on big-endian systems.
In MariaDB Server 10.0 and 10.1 (as well as MySQL 5.6),
the implementation of innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32
wrongly assumes little-endian byte order.

Fix incorrect else that should have been else if.

Problem:-
When mysql executes INSERT ON DUPLICATE KEY INSERT, the storage engine checks
if the inserted row would generate a duplicate key error. If yes, it returns
the existing row to mysql, mysql updates it and sends it back to the storage
engine.When the table has more than one unique or primary key, this statement
is sensitive to the order in which the storage engines checks the keys.
Depending on this order, the storage engine may determine different rows
to mysql, and hence mysql can update different rows.The order that the
storage engine checks keys is not deterministic. For example, InnoDB checks
keys in an order that depends on the order in which indexes were added to
the table. The first added index is checked first. So if master and slave
have added indexes in different orders, then slave may go out of sync.

Solution:-
Make INSERT...ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE unsafe while using stmt or mixed format
When there is more then one unique key.
Although there is two exception.
  1. Auto Increment key is not counted because Innodb will get gap lock for
    failed Insert and concurrent insert will get a next increment value. But if
    user supplies auto inc value it can be unsafe.
  2. Count only unique keys for which insertion is performed.

So this patch also addresses the bug id #72921

- The commit ab6dd774 wrongly sets the
condition inside innobase_srv_conc_enter_innodb().  Problem is that
InnoDB makes the thread to sleep indefinitely if it is a replication
slave thread.

Thanks to Sujatha Sivakumar for contributing the replication test case.

MDEV-18930: Failed CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY not written into binary log makes data on master and slave diverge

Problem:
=======
Failed CREATE OR REPLACE TEMPORARY TABLE statement which dropped the table but
failed at a later stage of creation of temporary table is not written to
binarylog in row based replication. This causes the slave to diverge.

Analysis:
========
CREATE OR REPLACE statements work as shown below.

CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE table_name (a int);
is basically the same as:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table_name;
CREATE TABLE table_name (a int);

Hence every CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE command which dropped the table should be
written to binary log, even when following CREATE TABLE part fails. In order
to achieve this, during the execution of CREATE OR REPLACE command, when a
table is dropped 'thd->log_current_statement' flag is set. When table creation
results in an error within 'mysql_create_table' code, the error handling part
looks for this flag. If it is set the failed CREATE OR REPLACE statement is
written into the binary log inspite of error. This ensure that slave doesn't
diverge from the master. In case of row based replication the error handling
code returns very early, if the table is of type temporary. This is done based
on the assumption that temporary tables are not replicated in row based
replication.

It fails to handle the cases where a temporary table was created as part of
statement based replication at an earlier stage and the binary log format was
changed to row because of an unsafe statement. In this case when a CREATE OR
REPLACE statement is executed on this temporary table it will dropped but the
query will not be written to binary log. Hence slave diverges.

Fix:
===
In error handling code check the return status of create table operation. If
it is successful and replication mode is row based and table is of type
temporary then return. Other wise proceed further to the code which checks for
thd->log_current_statement flag and does appropriate logging.

Help user distinguish between space ID and page number.

Fixing post push test issues.

Recorded the result files for following:
rpl_stm_drop_create_temp_table.result
rpl_mixed_drop_create_temp_table.result.

The function pointer ut_timer() was only used by the
InnoDB defragmenting thread. Let InnoDB use a single monotonic
high-precision timer, my_interval_timer() [in nanoseconds],
occasionally wrapped by microsecond_interval_timer().

srv_defragment_interval: Change from "timer" units to nanoseconds.

This concludes the InnoDB time function cleanup that was
motivated by MDEV-14154. Only ut_time_ms() will remain for now,
wrapping my_interval_timer().

MDEV-5589 commit set up a policy to skip DROP TEMPORARY TABLE binary logging
in case the target table has not been "CREATEed" in binlog (no CREATE
Query-log-event was logged into the binary log).

It turns out that

1. the rule did not cover non-existing table DROPped with IF-EXISTS clause.
   The logged-create knowledge for the non-existing one does not even need
   MDEV-5589 patch, and

2. connection close disobeys it to trigger automatic DROP-IF-EXISTS
   binlogging.

Either 1 or 2 or even both is/are also responsible for unexpected binlog
records observed in MDEV-17863, actually rendering a referred
@@global.read_only irrelevant as far as the described stored procedure
definition *and* the ROW binlog-format are concerned.

The FTS optimizer thread made a false assumption that time(NULL)
is monotonic. The system clock can be adjusted to the past,
for example if the hardware clock was drifting to the future,
and it was adjusted by NTP.

fts_slot_t::interval_time: Replace with the constant
FTS_OPTIMIZE_INTERVAL_IN_SECS.

fts_slot_t::last_run, fts_slot_t::completed: Clarify the
documentation.

fts_optimize_get_time_limit(): Remove a type cast, and
add a FIXME comment about domain mismatch.

fts_optimize_compact(), fts_optimize_words(): Limit the time
also when the current time has been moved to the past.

fts_optimize_table_bk(): Check for wrap-around.

fts_optimize_how_many(): Check for wrap-around, and remove the
failing assertions.

fts_is_sync_needed(): Remove a redundant call to time(NULL).

lock_t::requested_time: Document what the field is used for.

lock_t::wait_time: Document that the field is only used for
diagnostics and may be garbage if the system time is being adjusted.

srv_slot_t::suspend_time: Document that this is duplicating
trx_lock_t::wait_started.

lock_table_print(), lock_rec_print(): Declare in static scope.
Add a parameter for the current time.

lock_deadlock_check_and_resolve(), lock_deadlock_lock_print(),
lock_deadlock_joining_trx_print():
Add a parameter for the current time.

srv_slot_t::suspend_time, os_aio_slot_t::reservation_time,
sync_cell_t::reservation_time: Explain what could happen
if the system time has is being adjusted.

fts_sync_t::start_time: Document that the field is mostly unused.

This affects the function has_higher_priority() for internal or
recovered transactions.

Replace ut_usectime() with my_interval_timer(),
which is equivalent, but monotonically counting nanoseconds
instead of counting the microseconds of real time.

os_event_wait_time_low(): Use my_hrtime() instead of ut_usectime().

FIXME: Set a clock attribute on the condition variable that allows
a monotonic clock to be chosen as the time base, so that the wait
is immune to adjustments of the system clock.

Use microsecond_interval_timer()
or my_interval_timer() [in nanoseconds] instead.

Analysis
========
Point in time recovery using mysqlbinlog containing queries
operating on temporary tables results in an error.

While writing the query log event in the binary log, the
thread id used for execution of DROP TABLE and DELETE commands
were incorrect. The thread variable 'thread_specific_used'
is used to determine whether a specific thread id is to used
while executing the statements i.e using 'SET
@@session.pseudo_thread_id'. This variable was not set
correctly for DROP TABLE query and was never set for DELETE
query. The thread id is important for temporary tables
since the tables are session specific. DROP TABLE and DELETE
queries executed using a wrong thread id resulted in errors
while applying the queries generated by mysqlbinlog utility.

Fix
===
Set the 'thread_specific_used' THD variable for DROP TABLE and
DELETE queries.

ReviewBoard: 21833

Note: this patch is for 5.6.

Detected by ASAN.

The patch fixes the cleanup of parser stack pointers.
Reviewed-by: Guilhem Bichot <guilhem.bichot@oracle.com>

check_valid_path() uses my_strcspn() that cannot handle invalid characters
properly. This is fixed by a big refactoring in 10.2 (MDEV-6353).

For 5.5, let's simply swap tests, because check_string_char_length()
rejects invalid characters just fine.