This bug could cause a crash of the server when processing a query with
ROWNUM() if it used in its FROM list a reference to a mergeable view
defined as SELECT over more than one table that contained ORDER BY clause.
When a mergeable view with ORDER BY clause and without LIMIT clause is used
in the FROM list of a query that does not have ORDER BY clause the ORDER BY
clause of the view is moved to the query. The code that performed this
transformation forgot to delete the moved ORDER BY list from the view.
If a query contains ROWNUM() and uses a mergeable multi-table view with
ORDER BY then according to the current code of TABLE_LIST::init_derived()
the view has to be forcibly materialized. As the query and the view shared
the same items in its ORDER BY lists they could not be properly resolved
either in the query or in the view. This led to a crash of the server.

This patch has returned back the original signature of LEX::can_not_use_merged()
to comply with 10.4 code of the condition that checks whether a megeable
view has to be forcibly materialized.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

Subselect_single_value_engine cannot handle table value constructor used as
subquery. That's why any table value constructor TVC used as subquery is
converted into a select over derived table whose specification is TVC.
Currently the names  of the columns of the derived table DT are taken from
the first element of TVC and if the k-th component of the element happens
to be a subquery the text representation of this subquery serves as the
name of the k-th column of the derived table. References of all columns of
the derived table DT compose the select list of the result of the conversion.
If a definition of a view contained a table value constructor used as a
subquery and the view was registered after this conversion had been
applied we could register an invalid view definition if the first element
of TVC contained a subquery as its component: the name of this component
was taken from the original subquery, while the name of the corresponding
column of the derived table was taken from the text representation of the
subquery produced by the function SELECT_LEX::print() and these names were
usually differ from each other.
To avoid registration of such invalid views the function SELECT_LEX::print()
now prints the original TVC instead of the select in which this TVC has
been wrapped. Now the specification of registered view looks like as if no
conversions from TVC to selects were done.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

Read the version of the view share when we read definition to prevent
simultaniouse access to a view table SHARE (and so its MEM_ROOT)
from different threads.

MDEV-17124: mariadb 10.1.34, views and prepared statements:  ERROR 1615 (HY000): Prepared statement needs to be re-prepared

The problem is that if table definition cache (TDC) is full of real tables
which are in tables cache, view definition can not stay there so will be
removed by its own underlying tables.
In situation above old mechanism of detection matching definition in PS
and current version always require reprepare and so prevent executing
the PS.

One work around is to increase TDC, other - improve version check for
views/triggers (which is done here). Now in suspicious cases we check:
 - timestamp (microseconds) of the view to be sure that version really
   have changed;
 - time (microseconds) of creation of a trigger related to time
   (microseconds) of statement preparation.

- Added missing information about database of corresponding table for various types of commands
- Update some typos

- Reviewed by: <vicentiu@mariadb.org>

Making changes to wsrep_mysqld.h causes large parts of server code to
be recompiled. The reason is that wsrep_mysqld.h is included by
sql_class.h, even tough very little of wsrep_mysqld.h is needed in
sql_class.h. This commit introduces a new header file, wsrep_on.h,
which is meant to be included from sql_class.h, and contains only
macros and variable declarations used to determine whether wsrep is
enabled.
Also, header wsrep.h should only contain definitions that are also
used outside of sql/. Therefore, move WSREP_TO_ISOLATION* and
WSREP_SYNC_WAIT macros to wsrep_mysqld.h.
Reviewed-by: Jan Lindström <jan.lindstrom@mariadb.com>

This bug could affect prepared statements for the command CREATE VIEW with
specification that contained unnamed basic constant in select list. If
generation of a valid name for the corresponding view column required
resolution of conflicts with names of other columns that were explicitly
defined then execution of such prepared statement and following deallocation
of this statement led to reading from freed memory.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

MDEV-20516: Assertion `!lex->proc_list.first && !lex->result && !lex->param_list.elements' failed in mysql_create_view

Execution of the CREATE VIEW statement sent via binary protocol
where the flags of the COM_STMT_EXECUTE request a cursor to be opened
before running the statement results in an assert failure.

This assert fails since the data member thd->lex->result has not null
value pointing to an instance of the class Select_materialize.
The data member thd->lex->result is assigned a pointer to the class
Select_materialize in the function mysql_open_cursor() that invoked
in case the packet COM_STMT_EXECUTE requests a cursor to be opened.

After thd->lex->result is assigned a pointer to an instance of the
class Select_materialize the function mysql_create_view() is called
(indirectly via the function mysql_execute_statement()) and the assert
fails.

The assert
  DBUG_ASSERT(!lex->proc_list.first && !lex->result &&
              !lex->param_list.elements);

was added by the commit 591c06d4.
Unfortunately , the condition
  !lex->result
was specified incorrect. It was supposed that the thd->lex->result
is set only by parser on handling the clauses SELECT ... INTO
but indeed it is also set inside mysql_open_cursor() and
that fact was missed by the assert's condition.

So, the fix for this issue is to just remove the condition
  !lex->result
from the failing assert.

TABLE_LIST::calc_md5(): Remove an untruthful const qualifier.

thd_get_query_start_data(): Pass empty_clex_str instead of
an uninitialized LEX_CSTRING.

In the code existed just before this patch binding of a table reference to
the specification of the corresponding CTE happens in the function
open_and_process_table(). If the table reference is not the first in the
query the specification is cloned in the same way as the specification of
a view is cloned for any reference of the view. This works fine for
standalone queries, but does not work for stored procedures / functions
for the following reason.
When the first call of a stored procedure/ function SP is processed the
body of SP is parsed. When a query of SP is parsed the info on each
encountered table reference is put into a TABLE_LIST object linked into
a global chain associated with the query. When parsing of the query is
finished the basic info on the table references from this chain except
table references to derived tables and information schema tables is put
in one hash table associated with SP. When parsing of the body of SP is
finished this hash table is used to construct TABLE_LIST objects for all
table references mentioned in SP and link them into the list of such
objects passed to a pre-locking process that calls open_and_process_table()
for each table from the list.
When a TABLE_LIST for a view is encountered the view is opened and its
specification is parsed. For any table reference occurred in
the specification a new TABLE_LIST object is created to be included into
the list for pre-locking. After all objects in the pre-locking have been
looked through the tables mentioned in the list are locked. Note that the
objects referenced CTEs are just skipped here as it is impossible to
resolve these references without any info on the context where they occur.
Now the statements from the body of SP are executed one by one that.
At the very beginning of the execution of a query the tables used in the
query are opened and open_and_process_table() now is called for each table
reference mentioned in the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the
query that was built when the query was parsed.
For each table reference first the reference is checked against CTEs
definitions in whose scope it occurred. If such definition is found the
reference is considered resolved and if this is not the first reference
to the found CTE the the specification of the CTE is re-parsed and the
result of the parsing is added to the parsing tree of the query as a
sub-tree. If this sub-tree contains table references to other tables they
are added to the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the query in
order the referenced tables to be opened. When the procedure that opens
the tables comes to the TABLE_LIST object created for a non-first
reference to a CTE it discovers that the referenced table instance is not
locked and reports an error.
Thus processing non-first table references to a CTE similar to how
references to view are processed does not work for queries used in stored
procedures / functions. And the main problem is that the current
pre-locking mechanism employed for stored procedures / functions does not
allow to save the context in which a CTE reference occur. It's not trivial
to save the info about the context where a CTE reference occurs while the
resolution of the table reference cannot be done without this context and
consequentially the specification for the table reference cannot be
determined.

This patch solves the above problem by moving resolution of all CTE
references at the parsing stage. More exactly references to CTEs occurred in
a query are resolved right after parsing of the query has finished. After
resolution any CTE reference it is marked as a reference to to derived
table. So it is excluded from the hash table created for pre-locking used
base tables and view when the first call of a stored procedure / function
is processed.
This solution required recursive calls of the parser. The function
THD::sql_parser() has been added specifically for recursive invocations of
the parser.

# Conflicts:
#	sql/sql_cte.cc
#	sql/sql_cte.h
#	sql/sql_lex.cc
#	sql/sql_lex.h
#	sql/sql_view.cc
#	sql/sql_yacc.yy
#	sql/sql_yacc_ora.yy

In the code existed just before this patch binding of a table reference to
the specification of the corresponding CTE happens in the function
open_and_process_table(). If the table reference is not the first in the
query the specification is cloned in the same way as the specification of
a view is cloned for any reference of the view. This works fine for
standalone queries, but does not work for stored procedures / functions
for the following reason.
When the first call of a stored procedure/ function SP is processed the
body of SP is parsed. When a query of SP is parsed the info on each
encountered table reference is put into a TABLE_LIST object linked into
a global chain associated with the query. When parsing of the query is
finished the basic info on the table references from this chain except
table references to derived tables and information schema tables is put
in one hash table associated with SP. When parsing of the body of SP is
finished this hash table is used to construct TABLE_LIST objects for all
table references mentioned in SP and link them into the list of such
objects passed to a pre-locking process that calls open_and_process_table()
for each table from the list.
When a TABLE_LIST for a view is encountered the view is opened and its
specification is parsed. For any table reference occurred in
the specification a new TABLE_LIST object is created to be included into
the list for pre-locking. After all objects in the pre-locking have been
looked through the tables mentioned in the list are locked. Note that the
objects referenced CTEs are just skipped here as it is impossible to
resolve these references without any info on the context where they occur.
Now the statements from the body of SP are executed one by one that.
At the very beginning of the execution of a query the tables used in the
query are opened and open_and_process_table() now is called for each table
reference mentioned in the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the
query that was built when the query was parsed.
For each table reference first the reference is checked against CTEs
definitions in whose scope it occurred. If such definition is found the
reference is considered resolved and if this is not the first reference
to the found CTE the the specification of the CTE is re-parsed and the
result of the parsing is added to the parsing tree of the query as a
sub-tree. If this sub-tree contains table references to other tables they
are added to the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the query in
order the referenced tables to be opened. When the procedure that opens
the tables comes to the TABLE_LIST object created for a non-first
reference to a CTE it discovers that the referenced table instance is not
locked and reports an error.
Thus processing non-first table references to a CTE similar to how
references to view are processed does not work for queries used in stored
procedures / functions. And the main problem is that the current
pre-locking mechanism employed for stored procedures / functions does not
allow to save the context in which a CTE reference occur. It's not trivial
to save the info about the context where a CTE reference occurs while the
resolution of the table reference cannot be done without this context and
consequentially the specification for the table reference cannot be
determined.

This patch solves the above problem by moving resolution of all CTE
references at the parsing stage. More exactly references to CTEs occurred in
a query are resolved right after parsing of the query has finished. After
resolution any CTE reference it is marked as a reference to to derived
table. So it is excluded from the hash table created for pre-locking used
base tables and view when the first call of a stored procedure / function
is processed.
This solution required recursive calls of the parser. The function
THD::sql_parser() has been added specifically for recursive invocations of
the parser.

In the code existed just before this patch binding of a table reference to
the specification of the corresponding CTE happens in the function
open_and_process_table(). If the table reference is not the first in the
query the specification is cloned in the same way as the specification of
a view is cloned for any reference of the view. This works fine for
standalone queries, but does not work for stored procedures / functions
for the following reason.
When the first call of a stored procedure/ function SP is processed the
body of SP is parsed. When a query of SP is parsed the info on each
encountered table reference is put into a TABLE_LIST object linked into
a global chain associated with the query. When parsing of the query is
finished the basic info on the table references from this chain except
table references to derived tables and information schema tables is put
in one hash table associated with SP. When parsing of the body of SP is
finished this hash table is used to construct TABLE_LIST objects for all
table references mentioned in SP and link them into the list of such
objects passed to a pre-locking process that calls open_and_process_table()
for each table from the list.
When a TABLE_LIST for a view is encountered the view is opened and its
specification is parsed. For any table reference occurred in
the specification a new TABLE_LIST object is created to be included into
the list for pre-locking. After all objects in the pre-locking have been
looked through the tables mentioned in the list are locked. Note that the
objects referenced CTEs are just skipped here as it is impossible to
resolve these references without any info on the context where they occur.
Now the statements from the body of SP are executed one by one that.
At the very beginning of the execution of a query the tables used in the
query are opened and open_and_process_table() now is called for each table
reference mentioned in the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the
query that was built when the query was parsed.
For each table reference first the reference is checked against CTEs
definitions in whose scope it occurred. If such definition is found the
reference is considered resolved and if this is not the first reference
to the found CTE the the specification of the CTE is re-parsed and the
result of the parsing is added to the parsing tree of the query as a
sub-tree. If this sub-tree contains table references to other tables they
are added to the list of TABLE_LIST objects associated with the query in
order the referenced tables to be opened. When the procedure that opens
the tables comes to the TABLE_LIST object created for a non-first
reference to a CTE it discovers that the referenced table instance is not
locked and reports an error.
Thus processing non-first table references to a CTE similar to how
references to view are processed does not work for queries used in stored
procedures / functions. And the main problem is that the current
pre-locking mechanism employed for stored procedures / functions does not
allow to save the context in which a CTE reference occur. It's not trivial
to save the info about the context where a CTE reference occurs while the
resolution of the table reference cannot be done without this context and
consequentially the specification for the table reference cannot be
determined.

This patch solves the above problem by moving resolution of all CTE
references at the parsing stage. More exactly references to CTEs occurred in
a query are resolved right after parsing of the query has finished. After
resolution any CTE reference it is marked as a reference to to derived
table. So it is excluded from the hash table created for pre-locking used
base tables and view when the first call of a stored procedure / function
is processed.
This solution required recursive calls of the parser. The function
THD::sql_parser() has been added specifically for recursive invocations of
the parser.

m_status == DA_OK_BULK' failed in Diagnostics_area::message from
get_schema_tables_record

Analysis: SET NAMES changes character set for character_set_client,
character_set_connection, character_set_results to 'filename'. The .frm file of view
has @xx sequences in the SELECT query, which give parsing error because 'filename'
character set is not parser friendly. When we get parsing error (ER_PARSE_ERROR), we
directly return true without setting error status. This is caught later in assertion.
Fix: Disallow 'filename' character set in SET NAMES because it is not parser
friendly.

Many of the changes was needed to be able to collect and print engine
name and table version id's in the ddl log.

The purpose of this task is to ensure that CREATE TRIGGER is atomic

When a trigger is created, we first create a trigger_name.TRN file and then
create or update the table_name.TRG files.
This is done by creating .TRN~ and .TRG~ files and replacing (or creating)
the result files.

The new logic is

- Log CREATE TRIGGER to DDL log, with a marker if old trigger existsted
- If old .TRN or .TRG files exists, make backup copies of these
- Create the new .TRN and .TRG files as before
- Remove the backups

Crash recovery
- If query has been logged to binary log:
  - delete any left over backup files
- else
   - Delete any old .TRN~ or .TRG~ files
   - If there was orignally some triggers (old .TRG file existed)
      - If we crashed before creating all backup files
         - Delete existing backup files
      - else
         - Restore backup files
      - end
   - Delete .TRN and .TRG file (as there was no triggers before

One benefit of the new code is that CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER is now
totally atomic even if there existed an old trigger: Either the old
trigger will be replaced or the old one will be left untouched.

Other things:
- If sql_create_definition_file() would fail, there could be memory leaks
  in CREATE TRIGGER, DROP TRIGGER or CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER.  This
  is now fixed.

The logic of the new code is:
- Log CREATE view to DDL log, with a marker if old view existed
- If old view exists (in case of CREATE or REPLACE view), make a copy
  of the old view as view_name.frm-
- Create the new view definition file
- Delete copy of view if it was created.

Crash recovery:
- Delete view_name.frm~ file (Temporary file for view definition)
- If query was logged to binary log
  - Delete copy of view if it exists
- else
   -rename the copy of the view over the .frm file (restoring the
    old definition)

One benefit of the new code is that CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW for an
existing view is no fully atomic: Either the view will be replaced or
the old one will be left unchanged.

Description of how DROP DATABASE works after this patch

- Collect list of tables
- DDL log tables as they are dropped
- DDL log drop database
- Delete db.opt
- Delete data directory
- Log either DROP TABLE or DROP DATABASE to binary log
- De active ddl log entry

This is in line of how things where before (minus ddl logging) except that
we delete db.opt file last to not loose it if DROP DATABASE fails.

On recovery we have to ensure that all dropped tables are logged in
binary log and that they are properly dropped (as with atomic drop
table).
No new tables be dropped as part of recovery.

Recovery of active drop database ddl log entry:

- If drop database was logged to ddl log but was not found in the binary
  log:
  - drop the db.opt file and database directory.
  - Log DROP DATABASE to binary log
- If drop database was not logged to ddl log
  - Update binary log with DROP TABLE of the dropped tables. If table list
    is longer than max_allowed_packet, then the query will be split into
    multiple DROP TABLE/VIEW queries.

Other things:
- Added DDL_LOG_STATE and 'current database' as arguments to
  mysql_rm_table_no_locks(). This was needed to be able to combine
  ddl logging of DROP DATABASE and DROP TABLE and make the generated
  DROP TABLE statements shorter.
- To make the DROP TABLE statement created by ddl log shorter, I changed
  the binlogged query to use current directory and omit the directory
  part for all tables in the current directory.
- Merged some DROP TABLE and DROP VIEW code in ddl logger.  This was done
  to be able get separate DROP VIEW and DROP TABLE statements in the binary
  log.
- Added a 'recovery_state' variable to remember the state of dropped
  tables and views.
- Moved out code that drops database objects (stored procedures) from
  mysql_rm_db_internal() to drop_database_objects() for better code reuse.
- Made mysql_rm_db_internal() global so that could be used by the ddl
  recovery code.

Logging logic:
- Log tables, just before they are dropped, to the ddl log
- After the last table for the statement is dropped, log an xid for the
  whole ddl log event

In case of crash:
- Remove first any active DROP TABLE events from the ddl log that matches
  xids found in binary log (this mean the drop was successful and was
  propery logged).
- Loop over all active DROP TABLE events
  - Ensure that the table is completely dropped
- Write a DROP TABLE entry to the binary log with the dropped tables.

Other things:
- Added code to ha_drop_table() to be able to tell the difference if
  a get_new_handler() failed because of out-of-memory or because the
  handler refused/was not able to create a a handler. This was needed
  to get sequences to work as sequences needs a share object to be passed
  to get_new_handler()
- TC_LOG_BINLOG::recover() was changed to always collect Xid's from the
  binary log and always call ddl_log_close_binlogged_events(). This was
  needed to be able to collect DROP TABLE events with embedded Xid's
  (used by ddl log).
- Added a new variable "$grep_script" to binlog filter to be able to find
  only rows that matches a regexp.
- Had to adjust some test that changed because drop statements are a bit
  larger in the binary log than before (as we have to store the xid)

Other things:
- MDEV-25588 Atomic DDL: Binlog query event written upon recovery is corrupt
  fixed (in the original commit).

- Major rewrite of ddl_log.cc and ddl_log.h
  - ddl_log.cc described in the beginning how the recovery works.
  - ddl_log.log has unique signature and is dynamic. It's easy to
    add more information to the header and other ddl blocks while still
    being able to execute old ddl entries.
  - IO_SIZE for ddl blocks is now dynamic. Can be changed without affecting
    recovery of old logs.
  - Code is more modular and is now usable outside of partition handling.
  - Renamed log file to dll_recovery.log and added option --log-ddl-recovery
    to allow one to specify the path & filename.
- Added ddl_log_entry_phase[], number of phases for each DDL action,
  which allowed me to greatly simply set_global_from_ddl_log_entry()
- Changed how strings are stored in log entries, which allows us to
  store much more information in a log entry.
- ddl log is now always created at start and deleted on normal shutdown.
  This simplices things notable.
- Added probes debug_crash_here() and debug_simulate_error() to simply
  crash testing and allow crash after a given number of times a probe
  is executed. See comments in debug_sync.cc and rename_table.test for
  how this can be used.
- Reverting failed table and view renames is done trough the ddl log.
  This ensures that the ddl log is tested also outside of recovery.
- Added helper function 'handler::needs_lower_case_filenames()'
- Extend binary log with Q_XID events. ddl log handling is using this
  to check if a ddl log entry was logged to the binary log (if yes,
  it will be deleted from the log during ddl_log_close_binlogged_events()
- If a DDL entry fails 3 time, disable it. This is to ensure that if
  we have a crash in ddl recovery code the server will not get stuck
  in a forever crash-restart-crash loop.

mysqltest.cc changes:
- --die will now replace $variables with their values
- $error will contain the error of the last failed statement

storage engine changes:
- maria_rename() was changed to be more robust against crashes during
  rename.

This change removed 68 explict strlen() calls from the code.

The following renames was done to ensure we don't use the old names
when merging code from earlier releases, as using the new variables
for print function could result in crashes:
- charset->csname renamed to charset->cs_name
- charset->name renamed to charset->coll_name

Almost everything where mechanical changes except:
- Changed to use the new Protocol::store(LEX_CSTRING..) when possible
- Changed to use field->store(LEX_CSTRING*, CHARSET_INFO*) when possible
- Changed to use String->append(LEX_CSTRING&) when possible

Other things:
- There where compiler issues with ensuring that all character set names
  points to the same string: gcc doesn't allow one to use integer constants
  when defining global structures (constant char * pointers works fine).
  To get around this, I declared defines for each character set name
  length.

Changes:
- To detect automatic strlen() I removed the methods in String that
  uses 'const char *' without a length:
  - String::append(const char*)
  - Binary_string(const char *str)
  - String(const char *str, CHARSET_INFO *cs)
  - append_for_single_quote(const char *)
  All usage of append(const char*) is changed to either use
  String::append(char), String::append(const char*, size_t length) or
  String::append(LEX_CSTRING)
- Added STRING_WITH_LEN() around constant string arguments to
  String::append()
- Added overflow argument to escape_string_for_mysql() and
  escape_quotes_for_mysql() instead of returning (size_t) -1 on overflow.
  This was needed as most usage of the above functions never tested the
  result for -1 and would have given wrong results or crashes in case
  of overflows.
- Added Item_func_or_sum::func_name_cstring(), which returns LEX_CSTRING.
  Changed all Item_func::func_name()'s to func_name_cstring()'s.
  The old Item_func_or_sum::func_name() is now an inline function that
  returns func_name_cstring().str.
- Changed Item::mode_name() and Item::func_name_ext() to return
  LEX_CSTRING.
- Changed for some functions the name argument from const char * to
  to const LEX_CSTRING &:
  - Item::Item_func_fix_attributes()
  - Item::check_type_...()
  - Type_std_attributes::agg_item_collations()
  - Type_std_attributes::agg_item_set_converter()
  - Type_std_attributes::agg_arg_charsets...()
  - Type_handler_hybrid_field_type::aggregate_for_result()
  - Type_handler_geometry::check_type_geom_or_binary()
  - Type_handler::Item_func_or_sum_illegal_param()
  - Predicant_to_list_comparator::add_value_skip_null()
  - Predicant_to_list_comparator::add_value()
  - cmp_item_row::prepare_comparators()
  - cmp_item_row::aggregate_row_elements_for_comparison()
  - Cursor_ref::print_func()
- Removes String_space() as it was only used in one cases and that
  could be simplified to not use String_space(), thanks to the fixed
  my_vsnprintf().
- Added some const LEX_CSTRING's for common strings:
  - NULL_clex_str, DATA_clex_str, INDEX_clex_str.
- Changed primary_key_name to a LEX_CSTRING
- Renamed String::set_quick() to String::set_buffer_if_not_allocated() to
  clarify what the function really does.
- Rename of protocol function:
  bool store(const char *from, CHARSET_INFO *cs) to
  bool store_string_or_null(const char *from, CHARSET_INFO *cs).
  This was done to both clarify the difference between this 'store' function
  and also to make it easier to find unoptimal usage of store() calls.
- Added Protocol::store(const LEX_CSTRING*, CHARSET_INFO*)
- Changed some 'const char*' arrays to instead be of type LEX_CSTRING.
- class Item_func_units now used LEX_CSTRING for name.

Other things:
- Fixed a bug in mysql.cc:construct_prompt() where a wrong escape character
  in the prompt would cause some part of the prompt to be duplicated.
- Fixed a lot of instances where the length of the argument to
  append is known or easily obtain but was not used.
- Removed some not needed 'virtual' definition for functions that was
  inherited from the parent. I added override to these.
- Fixed Ordered_key::print() to preallocate needed buffer. Old code could
  case memory overruns.
- Simplified some loops when adding char * to a String with delimiters.

The name change was to make the intention of the flag more clear and
also because most usage of the old flag was to test for
NOT IS_AUTOGENERATED_NAME.

Note that the new flag is the inverse of the old one!

This was done to simplify copying of with_* flags

Other things:
- Changed Flags to C++ enums, which enables gdb to print
  out bit values for the flags. This also enables compiler
  errors if one tries to manipulate a non existing bit in
  a variable.
- Added set_maybe_null() as a shortcut as setting the
  MAYBE_NULL flags was used in a LOT of places.
- Renamed PARAM flag to SP_VAR to ensure it's not confused with persistent
  statement parameters.

The reason for the change is that neither clang or gcc can do efficient
code when several bit fields are change at the same time or when copying
one or more bits between identical bit fields.
Updated bits explicitely with & and | is MUCH more efficient than what
current compilers can do.

This is to make the Item instances smaller

Replace
  * select_lex::offset_limit
  * select_lex::select_limit
  * select_lex::explicit_limit
with select_lex::Lex_select_limit

The Lex_select_limit already existed with the same elements and was used in
by the yacc parser.

This commit is in preparation for FETCH FIRST implementation, as it
simplifies a lot of the code.

Additionally, the parser is simplified by making use of the stack to
return Lex_select_limit objects.

Cleanup of init_query() too. Removes explicit_limit= 0 as it's done a bit later
in init_select() with limit_params.empty()

The specific table handler for the table functions was introduced,
and used to implement JSON_TABLE.

Adds an implementation for SELECT ... FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED /
SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARED MODE SKIP LOCKED

This is implemented only InnoDB at the moment, not in RockDB yet.

This adds a new hander flag HA_CAN_SKIP_LOCKED than
will be used when the storage engine advertises the flag.

When a storage engine indicates this flag it will get
TL_WRITE_SKIP_LOCKED and TL_READ_SKIP_LOCKED transaction types.

The Lex structure has been updated to store both the FOR UPDATE/LOCK IN
SHARE as well as the SKIP LOCKED so the SHOW CREATE VIEW
implementation is simplier.

"SELECT FOR UPDATE ... SKIP LOCKED" combined with CREATE TABLE AS or
INSERT.. SELECT on the result set is not safe for STATEMENT based
replication. MIXED replication will replicate this as row based events."

Thanks to guidance from Facebook commit
https://github.com/facebook/mysql-5.6/commit/193896c466d43fd905a62a60f1d73fd9c551a6e4
This helped verify basic test case, and components that need implementing
(even though every part was implemented differently).

Thanks Marko for guidance on simplier InnoDB implementation.

Reviewers: Marko, Monty

For table references to CTEs the field TABLE_LIST::db must be set to
an empty string as it's done for table references to derived tables in
order CTEs to be processed similar to how derived tables are processed.

Approved by Oleksandr Byelkin <sanja@mariadb.com>

if mysql_create_view() is aborted when view is linked into lex
(when WSREP_TO_ISOLATION_BEGIN fails),
it should not be linked there again on err:.

- Produce a "Note" for all wrongly dropped objects
  (Like doing DROP VIEW on a table).
- IF EXISTS ends with a list of all not existing objects, instead of a
  separate note for every not existing object.

Other things:
 - Fixed bug where one could do CREATE TEMPORARY SEQUENCE multiple times
   and create multiple temporary sequences with the same name.

if mysql_create_view is aborted when `view` isn't unlinked,
it should not be linked back on cleanup

libmariadb revision updated.

TDC_RT_REMOVE_ALL -> tdc_remove_table(). Some occurrences replaced with
TDC_element::flush() (whenver TABLE_SHARE is available).

TDC_RT_REMOVE_NOT_OWN[_KEEP_SHARE] -> TDC_element::flush(). These modes
assume that current thread owns TABLE_SHARE reference, which means we can
avoid hash lookup and flush unused TABLE instances directly.

TDC_RT_REMOVE_UNUSED -> TDC_element::flush_unused(). Only [ab]used by
mysql_admin_table() currently. Should be removed eventually.

Part of MDEV-17882 - Cleanup refresh version

Added CYCLE ... RESTRICT (nonstandard) clause to recursive CTE.