Port re6stnet to python3

See merge request !46

.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,11 @@
 /build/
 /dist/
 /re6stnet.egg-info/
+*.log
+*.pid
+*.db
+*.state
+*.crt
+*.pem
+demo/mbox
+*.sock

README.rst

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ easily scalable to tens of thousand of nodes.
 Requirements
 ============
 
-- Python 2.7
+- Python 3.11
 - OpenSSL binary and development libraries
 - OpenVPN 2.4.*
 - Babel_ (with Nexedi patches)

demo/README.rst

+Demo
+====
+
+Usage
+-----
+
+To run the demo, make sure all the dependencies are installed
+and run ``./demo 8000`` (or any port).
+
+Troubleshooting
+---------------
+
+If the demo crashes and fails to clean up its resources properly,
+run the following commands::
+
+  for b in $(sudo ip l | grep -Po 'NETNS\w\w[\d\-a-f]+'); do sudo ip l del $b; done
+  pkill screen
+  killall python
+  killall python3
+  find . -name '*.crt' -delete; find . -name '*.db' -delete; find . -name '*.log' -delete
+
+.. warning::
+
+    This will kill all Python processes. These commands assume you're running
+    the demo on a dedicated machine with nothing else on it.

demo/fixnemu.py

-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-# Copyright 2010, 2011 INRIA
-# Copyright 2011 Martín Ferrari <martin.ferrari@gmail.com>
-#
-# This file is contains patches to Nemu.
-#
-# Nemu is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
-# terms of the GNU General Public License version 2, as published by the Free
-# Software Foundation.
-#
-# Nemu is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
-# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
-# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
-# Nemu.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-import re
-import os
-from new import function
-from nemu.iproute import backticks, get_if_data, route, \
-    get_addr_data, get_all_route_data, interface
-from nemu.interface import Switch, Interface
-
-def _get_all_route_data():
-    ipdata = backticks([IP_PATH, "-o", "route", "list"]) # "table", "all"
-    ipdata += backticks([IP_PATH, "-o", "-f", "inet6", "route", "list"])
-
-    ifdata = get_if_data()[1]
-    ret = []
-    for line in ipdata.split("\n"):
-        if line == "":
-            continue
-        # PATCH: parse 'from'
-        # PATCH: 'dev' is missing on 'unreachable' ipv4 routes
-        match = re.match('(?:(unicast|local|broadcast|multicast|throw|'
-            r'unreachable|prohibit|blackhole|nat) )?(\S+)(?: from (\S+))?'
-            r'(?: via (\S+))?(?: dev (\S+))?.*(?: metric (\d+))?', line)
-        if not match:
-            raise RuntimeError("Invalid output from `ip route': `%s'" % line)
-        tipe = match.group(1) or "unicast"
-        prefix = match.group(2)
-        #src = match.group(3)
-        nexthop = match.group(4)
-        interface = ifdata[match.group(5) or "lo"]
-        metric = match.group(6)
-        if prefix == "default" or re.search(r'/0$', prefix):
-            prefix = None
-            prefix_len = 0
-        else:
-            match = re.match(r'([0-9a-f:.]+)(?:/(\d+))?$', prefix)
-            prefix = match.group(1)
-            prefix_len = int(match.group(2) or 32)
-        ret.append(route(tipe, prefix, prefix_len, nexthop, interface.index,
-            metric))
-    return ret
-
-get_all_route_data.func_code = _get_all_route_data.func_code
-
-interface__init__ = interface.__init__
-def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
-    interface__init__(self, *args, **kw)
-    if self.name:
-        self.name = self.name.split('@',1)[0]
-interface.__init__ = __init__
-
-get_addr_data.orig = function(get_addr_data.func_code,
-                              get_addr_data.func_globals)
-def _get_addr_data():
-    byidx, bynam = get_addr_data.orig()
-    return byidx, {name.split('@',1)[0]: a for name, a in bynam.iteritems()}
-get_addr_data.func_code = _get_addr_data.func_code
-
-@staticmethod
-def _gen_if_name():
-    n = Interface._gen_next_id()
-    # Max 15 chars
-    # XXX: We truncate pid to not exceed IFNAMSIZ on systems with 32-bits pids
-    #      but we should find something better to avoid possible collision.
-    return "NETNSif-%.4x%.3x" % (os.getpid() % 0xffff, n)
-Interface._gen_if_name = _gen_if_name
-
-@staticmethod
-def _gen_br_name():
-    n = Switch._gen_next_id()
-     # XXX: same as for _gen_if_name
-    return "NETNSbr-%.4x%.3x" % (os.getpid() % 0xffff, n)
-Switch._gen_br_name = _gen_br_name

demo/py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 def __file__():
     import argparse, os, sys
     sys.dont_write_bytecode = True
@@ -30,4 +30,5 @@ def __file__():
 
     return os.path.join(sys.path[0], sys.argv[1])
 __file__ = __file__()
-execfile(__file__)
+with open(__file__) as f:
+    exec(compile(f.read(), __file__, 'exec'))

demo/test_hmac.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def checkHMAC(db, machines):
             else:
                 i = 0 if hmac[0] else 1
                 if hmac[i] != sign or hmac[i+1] != accept:
-                    print 'HMAC config wrong for in %s' % args
+                    print('HMAC config wrong for in %s' % args)
                     rc = False
     if rc:
         print('All nodes use Babel with the correct HMAC configuration')

draft/re6st-cn

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if 're6st' not in sys.modules:
 from re6st import utils, x509
 from OpenSSL import crypto
 
-with open("/etc/re6stnet/ca.crt") as f:
+with open("/etc/re6stnet/ca.crt", "rb") as f:
     ca = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, f.read())
 network = x509.networkFromCa(ca)
 

re6st/cache.py

-import json, logging, os, sqlite3, socket, subprocess, sys, time, zlib
+import base64, json, logging, os, sqlite3, socket, subprocess, sys, time, zlib
 from itertools import chain
 from .registry import RegistryClient
 from . import utils, version, x509
 
-class Cache(object):
+class Cache:
 
-    def __init__(self, db_path, registry, cert, db_size=200):
+    def __init__(self, db_path: str, registry, cert: x509.Cert, db_size=200):
         self._prefix = cert.prefix
         self._db_size = db_size
         self._decrypt = cert.decrypt
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class Cache(object):
         self.warnProtocol()
         logging.info("Cache initialized.")
 
-    def _open(self, path):
+    def _open(self, path: str) -> sqlite3.Connection:
         db = sqlite3.connect(path, isolation_level=None)
         db.text_factory = str
         db.execute("PRAGMA synchronous = OFF")
@@ -64,9 +64,8 @@ class Cache(object):
         return db
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _selectConfig(execute): # BBB: blob
-        return ((k, str(v) if type(v) is buffer else v)
-            for k, v in execute("SELECT * FROM config"))
+    def _selectConfig(execute):
+        return execute("SELECT * FROM config")
 
     def _loadConfig(self, config):
         cls = self.__class__
@@ -89,24 +88,23 @@ class Cache(object):
         logging.info("Getting new network parameters from registry...")
         try:
             # TODO: When possible, the registry should be queried via the re6st.
-            x = json.loads(zlib.decompress(
-                self._registry.getNetworkConfig(self._prefix)))
-            base64 = x.pop('', ())
+            network_config = self._registry.getNetworkConfig(self._prefix)
+            logging.debug('getNetworkConfig result: %r', network_config)
+            x = json.loads(zlib.decompress(network_config))
+            base64_list = x.pop('', ())
             config = {}
-            for k, v in x.iteritems():
+            for k, v in x.items():
                 k = str(k)
                 if k.startswith('babel_hmac'):
                     if v:
-                        v = self._decrypt(v.decode('base64'))
-                elif k in base64:
-                    v = v.decode('base64')
-                elif type(v) is unicode:
-                    v = str(v)
+                        v = self._decrypt(base64.b64decode(v))
+                elif k in base64_list:
+                    v = base64.b64decode(v)
                 elif isinstance(v, (list, dict)):
                     k += ':json'
                     v = json.dumps(v)
                 config[k] = v
-        except socket.error, e:
+        except socket.error as e:
             logging.warning(e)
             return
         except Exception:
@@ -130,16 +128,12 @@ class Cache(object):
                 remove.append(k)
             db.execute("DELETE FROM config WHERE name in ('%s')"
                        % "','".join(remove))
-            # BBB: Use buffer because of http://bugs.python.org/issue13676
-            #      on Python 2.6
             db.executemany("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO config VALUES(?,?)",
-                           ((k, buffer(v) if k in base64 or
-                             k.startswith('babel_hmac') else v)
-                            for k, v in config.iteritems()))
-        self._loadConfig(config.iteritems())
+                           config.items())
+        self._loadConfig(config.items())
         return [k[:-5] if k.endswith(':json') else k
                 for k in chain(remove, (k
-                    for k, v in config.iteritems()
+                    for k, v in config.items()
                     if k not in old or old[k] != v))]
 
     def warnProtocol(self):
@@ -147,7 +141,7 @@ class Cache(object):
             logging.warning("There's a new version of re6stnet:"
                             " you should update.")
 
-    def getDh(self, path):
+    def getDh(self, path: str):
         # We'd like to do a full check here but
         #   from OpenSSL import SSL
         #   SSL.Context(SSL.TLSv1_METHOD).load_tmp_dh(path)
@@ -179,11 +173,11 @@ class Cache(object):
                 logging.trace("- %s: %s%s", prefix, address,
                               ' (blacklisted)' if _try else '')
 
-    def cacheMinimize(self, size):
+    def cacheMinimize(self, size: int):
         with self._db:
             self._cacheMinimize(size)
 
-    def _cacheMinimize(self, size):
+    def _cacheMinimize(self, size: int):
         a = self._db.execute(
             "SELECT peer FROM volatile.stat ORDER BY try, RANDOM() LIMIT ?,-1",
             (size,)).fetchall()
@@ -192,26 +186,26 @@ class Cache(object):
             q("DELETE FROM peer WHERE prefix IN (?)", a)
             q("DELETE FROM volatile.stat WHERE peer IN (?)", a)
 
-    def connecting(self, prefix, connecting):
+    def connecting(self, prefix: str, connecting: bool):
         self._db.execute("UPDATE volatile.stat SET try=? WHERE peer=?",
                          (connecting, prefix))
 
     def resetConnecting(self):
         self._db.execute("UPDATE volatile.stat SET try=0")
 
-    def getAddress(self, prefix):
+    def getAddress(self, prefix: str) -> bool:
         r = self._db.execute("SELECT address FROM peer, volatile.stat"
                              " WHERE prefix=? AND prefix=peer AND try=0",
                              (prefix,)).fetchone()
         return r and r[0]
 
     @property
-    def my_address(self):
+    def my_address(self) -> str:
         for x, in self._db.execute("SELECT address FROM peer WHERE prefix=''"):
             return x
 
     @my_address.setter
-    def my_address(self, value):
+    def my_address(self, value: str):
         if value:
             with self._db as db:
                 db.execute("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO peer VALUES ('', ?)",
@@ -229,18 +223,20 @@ class Cache(object):
     # IOW, one should probably always put our own address there.
     _get_peer_sql = "SELECT %s FROM peer, volatile.stat" \
                     " WHERE prefix=peer AND prefix!=? AND try=?"
-    def getPeerList(self, failed=0, __sql=_get_peer_sql % "prefix, address"
+    def getPeerList(self, failed=False, __sql=_get_peer_sql % "prefix, address"
                                                         + " ORDER BY RANDOM()"):
         return self._db.execute(__sql, (self._prefix, failed))
-    def getPeerCount(self, failed=0, __sql=_get_peer_sql % "COUNT(*)"):
+
+    def getPeerCount(self, failed=False, __sql=_get_peer_sql % "COUNT(*)") \
+            -> int:
         return self._db.execute(__sql, (self._prefix, failed)).next()[0]
 
-    def getBootstrapPeer(self):
+    def getBootstrapPeer(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
         logging.info('Getting Boot peer...')
         try:
             bootpeer = self._registry.getBootstrapPeer(self._prefix)
-            prefix, address = self._decrypt(bootpeer).split()
-        except (socket.error, subprocess.CalledProcessError, ValueError), e:
+            prefix, address = self._decrypt(bootpeer).decode().split()
+        except (socket.error, subprocess.CalledProcessError, ValueError) as e:
             logging.warning('Failed to bootstrap (%s)',
                             e if bootpeer else 'no peer returned')
         else:
@@ -249,7 +245,7 @@ class Cache(object):
                 return prefix, address
             logging.warning('Buggy registry sent us our own address')
 
-    def addPeer(self, prefix, address, set_preferred=False):
+    def addPeer(self, prefix: str, address: str, set_preferred=False):
         logging.debug('Adding peer %s: %s', prefix, address)
         with self._db:
             q = self._db.execute
@@ -273,8 +269,8 @@ class Cache(object):
                 q("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO peer VALUES (?,?)", (prefix, address))
             q("INSERT OR REPLACE INTO volatile.stat VALUES (?,0)", (prefix,))
 
-    def getCountry(self, ip):
+    def getCountry(self, ip: str) -> str:
         try:
-            return self._registry.getCountry(self._prefix, ip)
-        except socket.error, e:
+            return self._registry.getCountry(self._prefix, ip).decode()
+        except socket.error as e:
             logging.warning('Failed to get country (%s)', ip)

re6st/cli/conf.py

-#!/usr/bin/python2
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import argparse, atexit, binascii, errno, hashlib
 import os, subprocess, sqlite3, sys, time
 from OpenSSL import crypto
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ if 're6st' not in sys.modules:
     sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(sys.path[0]))
 from re6st import registry, utils, x509
 
-def create(path, text=None, mode=0666):
+def create(path, text=None, mode=0o666):
     fd = os.open(path, os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_TRUNC, mode)
     try:
         os.write(fd, text)
     finally:
         os.close(fd)
 
-def loadCert(pem):
+def loadCert(pem: bytes):
     return crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pem)
 
 def main():
@@ -68,17 +68,18 @@ def main():
             fingerprint = binascii.a2b_hex(fingerprint)
             if hashlib.new(alg).digest_size != len(fingerprint):
                 raise ValueError("wrong size")
-        except StandardError, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             parser.error("invalid fingerprint: %s" % e)
         if x509.fingerprint(ca, alg).digest() != fingerprint:
             sys.exit("CA fingerprint doesn't match")
     else:
-        print "WARNING: it is strongly recommended to use --fingerprint option."
+        print("WARNING: it is strongly recommended to use --fingerprint option.")
     network = x509.networkFromCa(ca)
     if config.is_needed:
-        route, err = subprocess.Popen(('ip', '-6', '-o', 'route', 'get',
-                                       utils.ipFromBin(network)),
-                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
+        with subprocess.Popen(('ip', '-6', '-o', 'route', 'get',
+                               utils.ipFromBin(network)),
+                              stdout=subprocess.PIPE) as proc:
+            route, err = proc.communicate()
         sys.exit(err or route and
             utils.binFromIp(route.split()[8]).startswith(network))
 
@@ -89,19 +90,20 @@ def main():
     reserved = 'CN', 'serial'
     req = crypto.X509Req()
     try:
-        with open(cert_path) as f:
+        with open(cert_path, "rb") as f:
             cert = loadCert(f.read())
-        components = dict(cert.get_subject().get_components())
+        components = \
+            {k.decode(): v for k, v in cert.get_subject().get_components()}
         for k in reserved:
             components.pop(k, None)
-    except IOError, e:
+    except IOError as e:
         if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
             raise
         components = {}
     if config.req:
         components.update(config.req)
     subj = req.get_subject()
-    for k, v in components.iteritems():
+    for k, v in components.items():
         if k in reserved:
             sys.exit(k + " field is reserved.")
         if v:
@@ -116,35 +118,35 @@ def main():
             token = ''
         elif not token:
             if not config.email:
-                config.email = raw_input('Please enter your email address: ')
+                config.email = input('Please enter your email address: ')
             s.requestToken(config.email)
             token_advice = "Use --token to retry without asking a new token\n"
             while not token:
-                token = raw_input('Please enter your token: ')
+                token = input('Please enter your token: ')
 
         try:
             with open(key_path) as f:
                 pkey = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, f.read())
             key = None
-            print "Reusing existing key."
-        except IOError, e:
+            print("Reusing existing key.")
+        except IOError as e:
             if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
             bits = ca.get_pubkey().bits()
-            print "Generating %s-bit key ..." % bits
+            print("Generating %s-bit key ..." % bits)
             pkey = crypto.PKey()
             pkey.generate_key(crypto.TYPE_RSA, bits)
             key = crypto.dump_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, pkey)
-            create(key_path, key, 0600)
+            create(key_path, key, 0o600)
 
         req.set_pubkey(pkey)
         req.sign(pkey, 'sha512')
-        req = crypto.dump_certificate_request(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, req)
+        req = crypto.dump_certificate_request(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, req).decode()
 
         # First make sure we can open certificate file for writing,
         # to avoid using our token for nothing.
-        cert_fd = os.open(cert_path, os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY, 0666)
-        print "Requesting certificate ..."
+        cert_fd = os.open(cert_path, os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY, 0o666)
+        print("Requesting certificate ...")
         if config.location:
             cert = s.requestCertificate(token, req, location=config.location)
         else:
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ def main():
         key_path))
 
     if not os.path.lexists(conf_path):
-        create(conf_path, """\
+        create(conf_path, ("""\
 registry %s
 ca %s
 cert %s
@@ -187,14 +189,14 @@ key %s
 #O--verb
 #O3
 """ % (config.registry, ca_path, cert_path, key_path,
-       ('country ' + config.location.split(',', 1)[0]) \
-           if config.location else ''))
-        print "Sample configuration file created."
+       ('country ' + config.location.split(',', 1)[0])
+           if config.location else '')).encode())
+        print("Sample configuration file created.")
 
     cn = x509.subnetFromCert(cert)
     subnet = network + utils.binFromSubnet(cn)
-    print "Your subnet: %s/%u (CN=%s)" \
-        % (utils.ipFromBin(subnet), len(subnet), cn)
+    print("Your subnet: %s/%u (CN=%s)"
+        % (utils.ipFromBin(subnet), len(subnet), cn))
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

re6st/cli/node.py

-#!/usr/bin/python2
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import atexit, errno, logging, os, shutil, signal
 import socket, struct, subprocess, sys
 from collections import deque
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ def main():
             try:
                 from re6st.upnpigd import Forwarder
                 forwarder = Forwarder('re6stnet openvpn server')
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 if ipv4:
                     raise
                 logging.info("%s: assume we are not NATed", e)
@@ -266,19 +266,13 @@ def main():
 
     def call(cmd):
         logging.debug('%r', cmd)
-        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                                  stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
-        if p.returncode:
-            raise EnvironmentError("%r failed with error %u\n%s"
-                                   % (' '.join(cmd), p.returncode, stderr))
-        return stdout
-    def ip4(object, *args):
+        return subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, check=True).stdout
+    def ip4(object: str, *args):
         args = ['ip', '-4', object, 'add'] + list(args)
         call(args)
         args[3] = 'del'
         cleanup.append(lambda: subprocess.call(args))
-    def ip(object, *args):
+    def ip(object: str, *args):
         args = ['ip', '-6', object, 'add'] + list(args)
         call(args)
         args[3] = 'del'
@@ -299,7 +293,7 @@ def main():
         timeout = 4 * cache.hello
         cleanup = [lambda: cache.cacheMinimize(config.client_count),
                    lambda: shutil.rmtree(config.run, True)]
-        utils.makedirs(config.run, 0700)
+        utils.makedirs(config.run, 0o700)
         control_socket = os.path.join(config.run, 'babeld.sock')
         if config.client_count and not config.client:
             tunnel_manager = tunnel.TunnelManager(control_socket,
@@ -362,7 +356,7 @@ def main():
                 if not dh:
                     dh = os.path.join(config.state, "dh.pem")
                     cache.getDh(dh)
-                for iface, (port, proto) in server_tunnels.iteritems():
+                for iface, (port, proto) in server_tunnels.items():
                     r, x = socket.socketpair(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
                     utils.setCloexec(r)
                     cleanup.append(plib.server(iface, config.max_clients,
@@ -442,7 +436,7 @@ def main():
                 except:
                     pass
             exit.release()
-    except ReexecException, e:
+    except ReexecException as e:
         logging.info(e)
     except Exception:
         utils.log_exception()
@@ -455,7 +449,7 @@ def main():
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     try:
         main()
-    except SystemExit, e:
+    except SystemExit as e:
         if type(e.code) is str:
             if hasattr(logging, 'trace'): # utils.setupLog called
                 logging.critical(e.code)

re6st/cli/registry.py

-#!/usr/bin/python2
-import httplib, logging, os, socket, sys
-from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
-from SocketServer import ThreadingTCPServer
-from urlparse import parse_qsl
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+import http.client, logging, os, socket, sys
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
+from socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer
+from urllib.parse import parse_qsl
 if 're6st' not in sys.modules:
     sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(sys.path[0]))
 from re6st import registry, utils, version
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ class RequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                 path = self.path
                 query = {}
             else:
-                query = dict(parse_qsl(query, keep_blank_values=1,
-                                              strict_parsing=1))
+                query = dict(parse_qsl(query, keep_blank_values=True,
+                                              strict_parsing=True))
             _, path = path.split('/')
             if not _:
                 return self.server.handle_request(self, path, query)
         except Exception:
-            logging.info(self.requestline, exc_info=1)
-        self.send_error(httplib.BAD_REQUEST)
+            logging.info(self.requestline, exc_info=True)
+        self.send_error(http.client.BAD_REQUEST)
 
     def log_error(*args):
         pass

re6st/ctl.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from . import utils
 uint16 = struct.Struct("!H")
 header = struct.Struct("!HI")
 
-class Struct(object):
+class Struct:
 
     def __init__(self, format, *args):
         if args:
@@ -29,39 +29,39 @@ class Struct(object):
         self.encode = encode
         self.decode = decode
 
-class Array(object):
+class Array:
 
     def __init__(self, item):
         self._item = item
 
-    def encode(self, buffer, value):
+    def encode(self, buffer: bytes, value: list):
         buffer += uint16.pack(len(value))
         encode = self._item.encode
         for value in value:
             encode(buffer, value)
 
-    def decode(self, buffer, offset=0):
+    def decode(self, buffer: bytes, offset=0) -> tuple[int, list]:
         r = []
         o = offset + 2
         decode = self._item.decode
-        for i in xrange(*uint16.unpack_from(buffer, offset)):
+        for i in range(*uint16.unpack_from(buffer, offset)):
             o, x = decode(buffer, o)
             r.append(x)
         return o, r
 
-class String(object):
+class String:
 
     @staticmethod
-    def encode(buffer, value):
-        buffer += value + "\0"
+    def encode(buffer: bytes, value: str):
+        buffer += value.encode("utf-8") + b'\0'
 
     @staticmethod
-    def decode(buffer, offset=0):
-        i = buffer.index("\0", offset)
-        return i + 1, buffer[offset:i]
+    def decode(buffer: bytes, offset=0) -> tuple[int, str]:
+        i = buffer.index(0, offset)
+        return i + 1, buffer[offset:i].decode("utf-8")
 
 
-class Buffer(object):
+class Buffer:
 
     def __init__(self):
         self._buf = bytearray()
@@ -104,21 +104,6 @@ class Buffer(object):
         self._seek(r)
         return value
 
-    try: # BBB: Python < 2.7.4 (http://bugs.python.org/issue10212)
-        uint16.unpack_from(bytearray(uint16.size))
-    except TypeError:
-        def unpack_from(self, struct):
-            r = self._r
-            x = r + struct.size
-            value = struct.unpack(buffer(self._buf)[r:x])
-            self._seek(x)
-            return value
-        def decode(self, decode):
-            r = self._r
-            size, value = decode(buffer(self._buf)[r:])
-            self._seek(r + size)
-            return value
-
     # writing
 
     def send(self, socket, *args):
@@ -129,7 +114,7 @@ class Buffer(object):
         struct.pack_into(self._buf, offset, *args)
 
 
-class Packet(object):
+class Packet:
 
     response_dict = {}
 
@@ -149,7 +134,7 @@ class Packet(object):
         logging.trace('send %s%r', self.__class__.__name__,
                                    (self.id,) + self.args)
         offset = len(buffer)
-        buffer += '\0' * header.size
+        buffer += bytes(header.size)
         r = self.request
         if isinstance(r, Struct):
             r.encode(buffer, self.args)
@@ -182,11 +167,11 @@ class ConnectionClosed(BabelException):
         return "connection to babeld closed (%s)" % self.args
 
 
-class Babel(object):
+class Babel:
 
     _decode = None
 
-    def __init__(self, socket_path, handler, network):
+    def __init__(self, socket_path: str, handler, network: str):
         self.socket_path = socket_path
         self.handler = handler
         self.network = network
@@ -206,11 +191,11 @@ class Babel(object):
         def select(*args):
             try:
                 s.connect(self.socket_path)
-            except socket.error, e:
+            except socket.error as e:
                 logging.debug("Can't connect to %r (%r)", self.socket_path, e)
                 return e
-            s.send("\1")
-            s.setblocking(0)
+            s.send(b'\1')
+            s.setblocking(False)
             del self.select
             self.socket = s
             return self.select(*args)
@@ -267,15 +252,18 @@ class Babel(object):
         unidentified = set(n)
         self.neighbours = neighbours = {}
         a = len(self.network)
+        logging.info("Routes: %r", routes)
         for route in routes:
             assert route.flags & 1, route # installed
-            if route.prefix.startswith('\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xff\xff'):
+            if route.prefix.startswith(b'\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\xff\xff'):
+                logging.warning("Ignoring IPv4 route: %r", route)
                 continue
             assert route.neigh_address == route.nexthop, route
             address = route.neigh_address, route.ifindex
             neigh_routes = n[address]
             ip = utils.binFromRawIp(route.prefix)
             if ip[:a] == self.network:
+                logging.debug("Route is on the network: %r", route)
                 prefix = ip[a:route.plen]
                 if prefix and not route.refmetric:
                     neighbours[prefix] = neigh_routes
@@ -290,7 +278,9 @@ class Babel(object):
                             socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, route.prefix),
                             route.plen)
             else:
+                logging.debug("Route is not on the network: %r", route)
                 prefix = None
+            logging.debug("Adding route %r to %r", route, neigh_routes)
             neigh_routes[1][prefix] = route
         self.locked.clear()
         if unidentified:
@@ -310,11 +300,11 @@ class Babel(object):
         pass
 
 
-class iterRoutes(object):
+class iterRoutes:
 
     _waiting = True
 
-    def __new__(cls, control_socket, network):
+    def __new__(cls, control_socket: str, network: str):
         self = object.__new__(cls)
         c = Babel(control_socket, self, network)
         c.request_dump()
@@ -323,7 +313,7 @@ class iterRoutes(object):
             c.select(*args)
             utils.select(*args)
         return (prefix
-            for neigh_routes in c.neighbours.itervalues()
+            for neigh_routes in c.neighbours.values()
             for prefix in neigh_routes[1]
             if prefix)
 

re6st/debug.py

 import errno, os, socket, stat, threading
 
 
-class Socket(object):
+class Socket:
 
-    def __init__(self, socket):
+    def __init__(self, socket: socket.socket):
         # In case that the default timeout is not None.
         socket.settimeout(None)
         self._socket = socket
-        self._buf = ''
+        self._buf = b''
 
     def close(self):
         self._socket.close()
 
-    def write(self, data):
+    def write(self, data: bytes):
         self._socket.send(data)
 
-    def readline(self):
+    def readline(self) -> bytes:
         recv = self._socket.recv
         data = self._buf
         while True:
-            i = 1 + data.find('\n')
+            i = 1 + data.find(b'\n')
             if i:
                 self._buf = data[i:]
                 return data[:i]
             d = recv(4096)
             data += d
             if not d:
-                self._buf = ''
+                self._buf = b''
                 return data
 
     def flush(self):
@@ -37,14 +37,14 @@ class Socket(object):
         try:
             self._socket.recv(0)
             return True
-        except socket.error, (err, _):
-            if err != errno.EAGAIN:
+        except socket.error as e:
+            if e.errno != errno.EAGAIN:
                 raise
             self._socket.setblocking(1)
         return False
 
 
-class Console(object):
+class Console:
 
     def __init__(self, path, pdb):
         self.path = path
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class Console(object):
             socket.SOCK_STREAM | socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC)
         try:
             self._removeSocket()
-        except OSError, e:
+        except OSError as e:
             if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
         s.bind(path)

re6st/multicast.py

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ freeifaddrs = libc.freeifaddrs
 freeifaddrs.restype = None
 freeifaddrs.argtypes = [POINTER(struct_ifaddrs)]
 
-class unpacker(object):
+class unpacker:
 
     def __init__(self, buf):
         self._buf = buf
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class unpacker(object):
         self._offset += s.size
         return result
 
-class PimDm(object):
+class PimDm:
 
     def __init__(self):
         s_netlink = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE)

re6st/ovpn-client

-#!/usr/bin/python2 -S
+#!/usr/bin/env -S python3 -S
 import os, sys
 
 script_type = os.environ['script_type']
@@ -14,4 +14,5 @@ if script_type == 'up':
 if script_type == 'route-up':
     import time
     os.write(int(sys.argv[1]), repr((os.environ['common_name'], time.time(),
-        int(os.environ['tls_serial_0']), os.environ['OPENVPN_external_ip'])))
+        int(os.environ['tls_serial_0']), os.environ['OPENVPN_external_ip']))
+             .encode())

re6st/ovpn-server

-#!/usr/bin/python2 -S
+#!/usr/bin/env -S python3 -S
 import os, sys
 
 script_type = os.environ['script_type']
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ external_ip = os.getenv('trusted_ip') or os.environ['trusted_ip6']
 # Write into pipe connect/disconnect events
 fd = int(sys.argv[1])
 os.write(fd, repr((script_type, (os.environ['common_name'], os.environ['dev'],
-                   int(os.environ['tls_serial_0']), external_ip))))
+                   int(os.environ['tls_serial_0']), external_ip)))
+         .encode("utf-8"))
 
 if script_type == 'client-connect':
-    if os.read(fd, 1) == '\0':
+    if os.read(fd, 1) == b'\0':
         sys.exit(1)
     # Send client its external ip address
     with open(sys.argv[2], 'w') as f:

re6st/plib.py

+import binascii
 import logging, errno, os
+from typing import Optional
 from . import utils
 
 here = os.path.realpath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 ovpn_server = os.path.join(here, 'ovpn-server')
 ovpn_client = os.path.join(here, 'ovpn-client')
-ovpn_log = None
+ovpn_log: Optional[str] = None
 
-def openvpn(iface, encrypt, *args, **kw):
+def openvpn(iface: str, encrypt, *args, **kw) -> utils.Popen:
     args = ['openvpn',
         '--dev-type', 'tap',
         '--dev', iface,
@@ -19,13 +21,16 @@ def openvpn(iface, encrypt, *args, **kw):
     if ovpn_log:
         args += '--log-append', os.path.join(ovpn_log, '%s.log' % iface),
     if not encrypt:
+        # TODO: --ncp-disable was deprecated in OpenVPN 2.5 and removed in 2.6
+        #       and is no longer necessary in those versions.
         args += '--cipher', 'none', '--ncp-disable'
     logging.debug('%r', args)
     return utils.Popen(args, **kw)
 
 ovpn_link_mtu_dict = {'udp4': 1432, 'udp6': 1450}
 
-def server(iface, max_clients, dh_path, fd, port, proto, encrypt, *args, **kw):
+def server(iface: str, max_clients: int, dh_path: str, fd: int,
+           port: int, proto: str, encrypt: bool, *args, **kw) -> utils.Popen:
     if proto == 'udp':
         proto = 'udp4'
     client_script = '%s %s' % (ovpn_server, fd)
@@ -43,10 +48,11 @@ def server(iface, max_clients, dh_path, fd, port, proto, encrypt, *args, **kw):
         '--max-clients', str(max_clients),
         '--port', str(port),
         '--proto', proto,
-        *args, **kw)
+        *args, pass_fds=[fd], **kw)
 
 
-def client(iface, address_list, encrypt, *args, **kw):
+def client(iface: str, address_list: list[tuple[str, int, str]],
+           encrypt: bool, *args, **kw) -> utils.Popen:
     remote = ['--nobind', '--client']
     # XXX: We'd like to pass <connection> sections at command-line.
     link_mtu = set()
@@ -62,8 +68,10 @@ def client(iface, address_list, encrypt, *args, **kw):
     return openvpn(iface, encrypt, *remote, **kw)
 
 
-def router(ip, ip4, rt6, hello_interval, log_path, state_path, pidfile,
-           control_socket, default, hmac, *args, **kw):
+def router(ip: tuple[str, int], ip4, rt6: tuple[str, bool, bool],
+           hello_interval: int, log_path: str, state_path: str, pidfile: str,
+           control_socket: str, default: str,
+           hmac: tuple[bytes | None, bytes | None], *args, **kw) -> utils.Popen:
     network, gateway, has_ipv6_subtrees = rt6
     network_mask = int(network[network.index('/')+1:])
     ip, n = ip
@@ -80,9 +88,9 @@ def router(ip, ip4, rt6, hello_interval, log_path, state_path, pidfile,
             '-C', 'redistribute local deny',
             '-C', 'redistribute ip %s/%s eq %s' % (ip, n, n)]
     if hmac_sign:
-        def key(cmd, id, value):
+        def key(cmd: list[str], id: str, value: bytes):
             cmd += '-C', ('key type blake2s128 id %s value %s' %
-                          (id, value.encode('hex')))
+                          (id, binascii.hexlify(value).decode()))
         key(cmd, 'sign', hmac_sign)
         default += ' key sign'
         if hmac_accept is not None:
@@ -132,7 +140,7 @@ def router(ip, ip4, rt6, hello_interval, log_path, state_path, pidfile,
     # WKRD: babeld fails to start if pidfile already exists
     try:
         os.remove(pidfile)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
         if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
             raise
     logging.info('%r', cmd)

re6st/tests/__init__.py

-from pathlib2 import Path
+from pathlib import Path
 DEMO_PATH = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent.parent / "demo"

re6st/tests/test_end2end/test_registry_client.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from re6st.tests import DEMO_PATH
 
 DH_FILE = DEMO_PATH / "dh2048.pem"
 
-class DummyNode(object):
+class DummyNode:
     """fake node to reuse Re6stRegistry
 
     error: node.Popen has destory method which not in subprocess.Popen
@@ -29,19 +29,20 @@ class TestRegistryClientInteract(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
-        re6st_wrap.initial()
-
         # if running in net ns, set lo up
         subprocess.check_call(("ip", "link", "set", "lo", "up"))
 
     def setUp(self):
+        re6st_wrap.initial()
+
         self.port = 18080
         self.url = "http://localhost:{}/".format(self.port)
         # not important, used in network_config check
         self.max_clients = 10
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        self.server.proc.terminate()
+        with self.server.proc as p:
+            p.terminate()
 
     def test_1_main(self):
         """ a client interact a server, no re6stnet node test basic function"""
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ class TestRegistryClientInteract(unittest.TestCase):
         # read token from db
         db = sqlite3.connect(str(self.server.db), isolation_level=None)
         token = None
-        for _ in xrange(100):
+        for _ in range(100):
             time.sleep(.1)
             token = db.execute("SELECT token FROM token WHERE email=?",
                                (email,)).fetchone()
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class TestRegistryClientInteract(unittest.TestCase):
             self.fail("Request token failed, no token in database")
         # token: tuple[unicode,]
         token = str(token[0])
-        self.assertEqual(client.isToken(token), "1")
+        self.assertEqual(client.isToken(token), b"1")
 
         # request ca
         ca = client.getCa()
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ class TestRegistryClientInteract(unittest.TestCase):
         # request a cert and get cn
         key, csr = tools.generate_csr()
         cert = client.requestCertificate(token, csr)
-        self.assertEqual(client.isToken(token), '', "token should be deleted")
+        self.assertEqual(client.isToken(token), b'', "token should be deleted")
 
         # creat x509.cert object
         def write_to_temp(text):
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ class TestRegistryClientInteract(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # verfiy cn and prefix
         prefix = client.cert.prefix
-        cn = client.getNodePrefix(email)
+        cn = client.getNodePrefix(email).decode()
         self.assertEqual(tools.prefix2cn(prefix), cn)
 
         # simulate the process in cache
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ class TestRegistryClientInteract(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # no re6stnet, empty result
         bootpeer = client.getBootstrapPeer(prefix)
-        self.assertEqual(bootpeer, "")
+        self.assertEqual(bootpeer, b"")
 
         # server should not die
         self.assertIsNone(self.server.proc.poll())

re6st/tests/test_network/network_build.py

@@ -3,14 +3,9 @@ import logging
 import nemu
 import time
 import weakref
-from subprocess import PIPE
-from pathlib2 import Path
+from subprocess import DEVNULL, PIPE
+from pathlib import Path
 
-from re6st.tests import DEMO_PATH
-
-fix_file = DEMO_PATH / "fixnemu.py"
-# execfile(str(fix_file)) Removed in python3
-exec(open(str(fix_file)).read())
 IPTABLES = 'iptables-nft'
 
 class ConnectableError(Exception):
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ class Node(nemu.Node):
         if_s.add_v4_address(ip, prefix_len=prefix_len)
         return if_s
 
-class NetManager(object):
+class NetManager:
     """contain all the nemu object created, so they can live more time"""
     def __init__(self):
         self.object = []
@@ -60,10 +55,11 @@ class NetManager(object):
         Raise:
             AssertionError
         """
-        for reg, nodes in self.registries.iteritems():
+        for reg, nodes in self.registries.items():
             for node in nodes:
-                app0 = node.Popen(["ping", "-c", "1", reg.ip], stdout=PIPE)
-                ret = app0.wait()
+                with node.Popen(["ping", "-c", "1", reg.ip],
+                                stdout=DEVNULL) as app0:
+                    ret = app0.wait()
                 if ret:
                     raise ConnectableError(
                         "network construct failed {} to {}".format(node.ip, reg.ip))

re6st/tests/test_network/re6st_wrap.py

@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@ import ipaddress
 import json
 import logging
 import re
+import shlex
 import shutil
 import sqlite3
+import sys
 import tempfile
 import time
 import weakref
 from subprocess import PIPE
-from pathlib2 import Path
+from pathlib import Path
 
 from re6st.tests import tools
 from re6st.tests import DEMO_PATH
@@ -20,14 +22,16 @@ from re6st.tests import DEMO_PATH
 WORK_DIR = Path(__file__).parent / "temp_net_test"
 DH_FILE = DEMO_PATH / "dh2048.pem"
 
-RE6STNET = "python -m re6st.cli.node"
-RE6ST_REGISTRY = "python -m re6st.cli.registry"
-RE6ST_CONF = "python -m re6st.cli.conf"
+PYTHON = shlex.quote(sys.executable)
+RE6STNET = PYTHON + " -m re6st.cli.node"
+RE6ST_REGISTRY = PYTHON + " -m re6st.cli.registry"
+RE6ST_CONF = PYTHON + " -m re6st.cli.conf"
 
 def initial():
     """create the workplace"""
-    if not WORK_DIR.exists():
-        WORK_DIR.mkdir()
+    if WORK_DIR.exists():
+        shutil.rmtree(str(WORK_DIR))
+    WORK_DIR.mkdir()
 
 def ip_to_serial(ip6):
     """convert ipv6 address to serial"""
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ def ip_to_serial(ip6):
     return int(ip6, 16)
 
 
-class Re6stRegistry(object):
+class Re6stRegistry:
     """class run a re6st-registry service on a namespace"""
     registry_seq = 0
 
@@ -72,7 +76,7 @@ class Re6stRegistry(object):
 
         self.run()
         # wait the servcice started
-        p = self.node.Popen(['python', '-c', """if 1:
+        p = self.node.Popen([sys.executable, '-c', """if 1:
         import socket, time
         s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
         while True:
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@ class Re6stRegistry(object):
                '--client-count', (self.client_number+1)//2, '--port', self.port]
 
         #PY3: convert PosixPath to str, can be remove in Python 3
-        cmd = map(str, cmd)
+        cmd = list(map(str, cmd))
 
         cmd[:0] = RE6ST_REGISTRY.split()
 
@@ -131,15 +135,19 @@ class Re6stRegistry(object):
             if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                 raise
 
-    def __del__(self):
+    def terminate(self):
         try:
             logging.debug("teminate process %s", self.proc.pid)
-            self.proc.destroy()
+            with self.proc as p:
+                p.destroy()
         except:
             pass
 
+    def __del__(self):
+        self.terminate()
+
 
-class Re6stNode(object):
+class Re6stNode:
     """class run a re6stnet service on a namespace"""
     node_seq = 0
 
@@ -210,7 +218,7 @@ class Re6stNode(object):
         # read token
         db = sqlite3.connect(str(self.registry.db), isolation_level=None)
         token = None
-        for _ in xrange(100):
+        for _ in range(100):
             time.sleep(.1)
             token = db.execute("SELECT token FROM token WHERE email=?",
                                (self.email,)).fetchone()
@@ -223,7 +231,8 @@ class Re6stNode(object):
         out, _ = p.communicate(str(token[0]))
         # logging.debug("re6st-conf output: {}".format(out))
         # find the ipv6 subnet of node
-        self.ip6 = re.search('(?<=subnet: )[0-9:a-z]+', out).group(0)
+        self.ip6 = re.search('(?<=subnet: )[0-9:a-z]+',
+                             out.decode("utf-8")).group(0)
         data = {'ip6': self.ip6, 'hash': self.registry.ident}
         with open(str(self.data_file), 'w') as f:
             json.dump(data, f)
@@ -236,7 +245,7 @@ class Re6stNode(object):
                '--key', self.key, '-v4', '--registry', self.registry.url,
                '--console', self.console]
         #PY3: same as for Re6stRegistry.run
-        cmd = map(str, cmd)
+        cmd = list(map(str, cmd))
         cmd[:0] = RE6STNET.split()
 
         cmd += args
@@ -260,7 +269,8 @@ class Re6stNode(object):
     def stop(self):
         """stop running re6stnet process"""
         logging.debug("%s teminate process %s", self.name, self.proc.pid)
-        self.proc.destroy()
+        with self.proc as p:
+            p.destroy()
 
     def __del__(self):
         """teminate process and rm temp dir"""

re6st/tests/test_network/test_net.py

 """contain ping-test for re6set net"""
 import os
+import sys
 import unittest
 import time
 import psutil
 import logging
 import random
-from pathlib2 import Path
+from pathlib import Path
 
-import network_build
-import re6st_wrap
+from . import network_build, re6st_wrap
 
 PING_PATH = str(Path(__file__).parent.resolve() / "ping.py")
 
-def deploy_re6st(nm, recreate=False):
-    net = nm.registries
-    nodes = []
-    registries = []
-    re6st_wrap.Re6stRegistry.registry_seq = 0
-    re6st_wrap.Re6stNode.node_seq = 0
-    for registry in net:
-        reg = re6st_wrap.Re6stRegistry(registry, "2001:db8:42::", len(net[registry]),
-                                       recreate=recreate)
-        reg_node = re6st_wrap.Re6stNode(registry, reg, name=reg.name)
-        registries.append(reg)
-        reg_node.run("--gateway", "--disable-proto", "none", "--ip", registry.ip)
-        nodes.append(reg_node)
-        for m in net[registry]:
-            node = re6st_wrap.Re6stNode(m, reg)
-            node.run("-i" + m.iface.name)
-            nodes.append(node)
-    return nodes, registries
-
 def wait_stable(nodes, timeout=240):
     """try use ping6 from each node to the other until ping success to all the
     other nodes
@@ -47,12 +28,13 @@ def wait_stable(nodes, timeout=240):
     for node in nodes:
         sub_ips = set(ips) - {node.ip6}
         node.ping_proc = node.node.Popen(
-            ["python", PING_PATH, '--retry', '-a'] + list(sub_ips))
+            [sys.executable, PING_PATH, '--retry', '-a'] + list(sub_ips),
+            env=os.environ)
 
     # check all the node network can ping each other, in order reverse
     unfinished = list(nodes)
     while unfinished:
-        for i in xrange(len(unfinished)-1, -1, -1):
+        for i in range(len(unfinished)-1, -1, -1):
             node = unfinished[i]
             if node.ping_proc.poll() is not None:
                 logging.debug("%s 's network is stable", node.name)
@@ -75,8 +57,42 @@ class TestNet(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUpClass(cls):
         """create work dir"""
         logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
+
+    def setUp(self):
         re6st_wrap.initial()
 
+    def deploy_re6st(self, nm, recreate=False):
+        net = nm.registries
+        nodes = []
+        registries = []
+        re6st_wrap.Re6stRegistry.registry_seq = 0
+        re6st_wrap.Re6stNode.node_seq = 0
+        for registry in net:
+            reg = re6st_wrap.Re6stRegistry(registry, "2001:db8:42::",
+                                           len(net[registry]),
+                                           recreate=recreate)
+            reg_node = re6st_wrap.Re6stNode(registry, reg, name=reg.name)
+            registries.append(reg)
+            reg_node.run("--gateway", "--disable-proto", "none",
+                         "--ip", registry.ip)
+            nodes.append(reg_node)
+            for m in net[registry]:
+                node = re6st_wrap.Re6stNode(m, reg)
+                node.run("-i" + m.iface.name)
+                nodes.append(node)
+
+        def clean_re6st():
+            for node in nodes:
+                node.node.destroy()
+                node.stop()
+
+            for reg in registries:
+                reg.terminate()
+
+        self.addCleanup(clean_re6st)
+
+        return nodes, registries
+
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
         """watch any process leaked after tests"""
@@ -94,7 +110,7 @@ class TestNet(unittest.TestCase):
         """create a network in a net segment, test the connectivity by ping
         """
         nm = network_build.net_route()
-        nodes, _ = deploy_re6st(nm)
+        nodes, _ = self.deploy_re6st(nm)
 
         wait_stable(nodes, 40)
         time.sleep(10)
@@ -107,7 +123,7 @@ class TestNet(unittest.TestCase):
         then test if network recover, this test seems always failed
         """
         nm = network_build.net_demo()
-        nodes, _ = deploy_re6st(nm)
+        nodes, _ = self.deploy_re6st(nm)
 
         wait_stable(nodes, 100)
 
@@ -126,7 +142,7 @@ class TestNet(unittest.TestCase):
         then test if network recover,
         """
         nm = network_build.net_route()
-        nodes, _ = deploy_re6st(nm)
+        nodes, _ = self.deploy_re6st(nm)
 
         wait_stable(nodes, 40)
 

re6st/tests/test_unit/test_conf.py

-#!/usr/bin/python2
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 """ unit test for re6st-conf
 """
 
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import os
 import sys
 import unittest
 from shutil import rmtree
-from StringIO import StringIO
+from io import StringIO
 from mock import patch
 from OpenSSL import crypto
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class TestConf(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # mocked server cert and pkey
         cls.pkey, cls.cert = create_ca_file(os.devnull, os.devnull)
-        cls.fingerprint = "".join( cls.cert.digest("sha1").split(":"))
+        cls.fingerprint = "".join(cls.cert.digest("sha1").decode().split(":"))
         # client.getCa should return a string form cert
         cls.cert = crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cls.cert)
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class TestConf(unittest.TestCase):
         # go back to original dir
         os.chdir(self.origin_dir)
 
-    @patch("__builtin__.raw_input")
+    @patch("builtins.input")
     def test_basic(self, mock_raw_input):
         """ go through all the step
             getCa, requestToken, requestCertificate

re6st/tests/test_unit/test_registry.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import os
 import random
 import string
 import json
-import httplib
+import http.client
 import base64
 import unittest
 import hmac
@@ -11,18 +11,21 @@ import hashlib
 import time
 import tempfile
 from argparse import Namespace
+from sqlite3 import Cursor
+
 from OpenSSL import crypto
 from mock import Mock, patch
-from pathlib2 import Path
+from pathlib import Path
 
-from re6st import registry
+from re6st import registry, x509
 from re6st.tests.tools import *
 from re6st.tests import DEMO_PATH
 
+
 # TODO test for request_dump, requestToken, getNetworkConfig, getBoostrapPeer
 # getIPV4Information, versions
 
-def load_config(filename="registry.json"):
+def load_config(filename: str="registry.json") -> Namespace:
     with open(filename) as f:
         config = json.load(f)
     config["dh"] = DEMO_PATH / "dh2048.pem"
@@ -36,23 +39,25 @@ def load_config(filename="registry.json"):
     return Namespace(**config)
 
 
-def get_cert(cur, prefix):
+def get_cert(cur: Cursor, prefix: str):
     res = cur.execute(
         "SELECT cert FROM cert WHERE prefix=?", (prefix,)).fetchone()
     return res[0]
 
 
-def insert_cert(cur, ca, prefix, not_after=None, email=None):
+def insert_cert(cur: Cursor, ca: x509.Cert, prefix: str,
+                not_after=None, email=None):
     key, csr = generate_csr()
     cert = generate_cert(ca.ca, ca.key, csr, prefix, insert_cert.serial, not_after)
     cur.execute("INSERT INTO cert VALUES (?,?,?)", (prefix, email, cert))
     insert_cert.serial += 1
     return key, cert
 
+
 insert_cert.serial = 0
 
 
-def delete_cert(cur, prefix):
+def delete_cert(cur: Cursor, prefix: str):
     cur.execute("DELETE FROM cert WHERE prefix = ?", (prefix,))
 
 
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
     @classmethod
     def tearDownClass(cls):
+        cls.server.close()
         # remove database
         for file in [cls.config.db, cls.config.ca, cls.config.key]:
             try:
@@ -80,14 +86,23 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
             + "@mail.com"
 
     def test_recv(self):
-        recv = self.server.sock.recv = Mock()
-        recv.side_effect = [
+        side_effect = iter([
             "0001001001001a_msg",
             "0001001001002\0001dqdq",
             "0001001001001\000a_msg",
             "0001001001001\000\4a_msg",
             "0000000000000\0" # ERROR, IndexError: msg is null
-        ]
+        ])
+
+        class SocketProxy:
+            def __init__(self, wrappee):
+                self.wrappee = wrappee
+                self.recv = lambda _: next(side_effect)
+
+            def __getattr__(self, attr):
+                return getattr(self.wrappee, attr)
+
+        self.server.sock = SocketProxy(self.server.sock)
 
         try:
             res1 = self.server.recv(4)
@@ -115,7 +130,7 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
         now = int(time.time()) - self.config.grace_period + 20
         # makeup data
         insert_cert(cur, self.server.cert, prefix_old, 1)
-        insert_cert(cur, self.server.cert, prefix, now -1)
+        insert_cert(cur, self.server.cert, prefix, now - 1)
         cur.execute("INSERT INTO token VALUES (?,?,?,?)",
                     (token_old, self.email, 4, 2))
         cur.execute("INSERT INTO token VALUES (?,?,?,?)",
@@ -143,16 +158,16 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
         prefix = "0000000011111111"
         method = "func"
         protocol = 7
-        params = {"cn" : prefix, "a" : 1, "b" : 2}
+        params = {"cn": prefix, "a": 1, "b": 2}
         func.getcallargs.return_value = params
         del func._private
-        func.return_value = result = "this_is_a_result"
-        key = "this_is_a_key"
+        func.return_value = result = b"this_is_a_result"
+        key = b"this_is_a_key"
         self.server.sessions[prefix] = [(key, protocol)]
         request = Mock()
         request.path = "/func?a=1&b=2&cn=0000000011111111"
         request.headers = {registry.HMAC_HEADER: base64.b64encode(
-            hmac.HMAC(key, request.path, hashlib.sha1).digest())}
+            hmac.HMAC(key, request.path.encode(), hashlib.sha1).digest())}
 
         self.server.handle_request(request, method, params)
 
@@ -162,11 +177,12 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
                          [(hashlib.sha1(key).digest(), protocol)])
         func.assert_called_once_with(**params)
         # http response check
-        request.send_response.assert_called_once_with(httplib.OK)
+        request.send_response.assert_called_once_with(http.client.OK)
         request.send_header.assert_any_call("Content-Length", str(len(result)))
         request.send_header.assert_any_call(
             registry.HMAC_HEADER,
-            base64.b64encode(hmac.HMAC(key, result, hashlib.sha1).digest()))
+            base64.b64encode(hmac.HMAC(key, result, hashlib.sha1).digest())
+            .decode("ascii"))
         request.wfile.write.assert_called_once_with(result)
 
         # remove the create session \n
@@ -176,7 +192,7 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_handle_request_private(self, func):
         """case request with _private attr"""
         method = "func"
-        params = {"a" : 1, "b" : 2}
+        params = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
         func.getcallargs.return_value = params
         func.return_value = None
         request_good = Mock()
@@ -189,8 +205,8 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
         self.server.handle_request(request_bad, method, params)
 
         func.assert_called_once_with(**params)
-        request_bad.send_error.assert_called_once_with(httplib.FORBIDDEN)
-        request_good.send_response.assert_called_once_with(httplib.NO_CONTENT)
+        request_bad.send_error.assert_called_once_with(http.client.FORBIDDEN)
+        request_good.send_response.assert_called_once_with(http.client.NO_CONTENT)
 
     # will cause valueError, if a node send hello twice to a registry
     def test_getPeerProtocol(self):
@@ -213,7 +229,7 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
         res = self.server.hello(prefix, protocol=protocol)
 
         # decrypt
-        length = len(res)/2
+        length = len(res) // 2
         key, sign = res[:length], res[length:]
         key = decrypt(pkey, key)
         self.assertEqual(self.server.sessions[prefix][-1][0], key,
@@ -282,7 +298,7 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
         nb_less = 0
         for cert in self.server.iterCert():
             s = cert[0].get_subject().serialNumber
-            if(s and int(s) <= serial):
+            if s and int(s) <= serial:
                 nb_less += 1
         self.assertEqual(nb_less, serial)
 
@@ -378,7 +394,7 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         hmacs = get_hmac()
         key_1 = hmacs[1]
-        self.assertEqual(hmacs, [None, key_1, ''])
+        self.assertEqual(hmacs, [None, key_1, b''])
 
         # step 2
         self.server.updateHMAC()
@@ -397,12 +413,11 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(get_hmac(), [None, key_2, key_1])
 
-        #setp 5
+        # step 5
         self.server.updateHMAC()
 
         self.assertEqual(get_hmac(), [key_2, None, None])
 
-
     def test_getNodePrefix(self):
         # prefix in short format
         prefix = "0000000101"
@@ -426,20 +441,38 @@ class TestRegistryServer(unittest.TestCase):
             ('0000000000000001', '2 0/16 6/16')
         ]
         recv.side_effect = recv_case
+
         def side_effct(rlist, wlist, elist, timeout):
             # rlist is true until the len(recv_case)th call
             side_effct.i -= side_effct.i > 0
             return [side_effct.i, wlist, None]
+
         side_effct.i = len(recv_case) + 1
         select.side_effect = side_effct
 
         res = self.server.topology()
 
-        expect_res = '{"36893488147419103232/80": ["0/16", "7/16"], ' \
-            '"": ["36893488147419103232/80", "3/16", "1/16", "0/16", "7/16"], ' \
-            '"4/16": ["0/16"], "3/16": ["0/16", "7/16"], "0/16": ["6/16", "7/16"], '\
-            '"1/16": ["6/16", "0/16"], "7/16": ["6/16", "4/16"]}'''
-        self.assertEqual(res, expect_res)
+        class CustomDecoder(json.JSONDecoder):
+            def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+                super().__init__(**kwargs)
+                self.parse_array = self.JSONArray
+                self.scan_once = json.scanner.py_make_scanner(self)
+
+            def JSONArray(self, *args, **kw):
+                values, end = json.decoder.JSONArray(*args, **kw)
+                return set(values), end
+
+        res = json.loads(res, cls=CustomDecoder)
+
+        self.assertEqual(res, {
+            "": {"36893488147419103232/80", "3/16", "1/16", "0/16", "7/16"},
+            "0/16": {"6/16", "7/16"},
+            "1/16": {"6/16", "0/16"},
+            "36893488147419103232/80": {"0/16", "7/16"},
+            "3/16": {"0/16", "7/16"},
+            "4/16": {"0/16"},
+            "7/16": {"6/16", "4/16"},
+        })
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

re6st/tests/test_unit/test_registry_client.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import sys
 import os
 import unittest
 import hmac
-import httplib
+import http.client
 import base64
 import hashlib
 from mock import Mock, patch
@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ class TestRegistryClient(unittest.TestCase):
 
         self.assertEqual(client1._path, "/example")
         self.assertEqual(client1._conn.host, "localhost")
-        self.assertIsInstance(client1._conn, httplib.HTTPSConnection)
-        self.assertIsInstance(client2._conn, httplib.HTTPConnection)
+        self.assertIsInstance(client1._conn, http.client.HTTPSConnection)
+        self.assertIsInstance(client2._conn, http.client.HTTPConnection)
 
     def test_rpc_hello(self):
         prefix = "0000000011111111"
         protocol = "7"
         body = "a_hmac_key"
         query = "/hello?client_prefix=0000000011111111&protocol=7"
-        response = fakeResponse(body, httplib.OK)
+        response = fakeResponse(body, http.client.OK)
         self.client._conn.getresponse.return_value = response
 
         res = self.client.hello(prefix, protocol)
@@ -52,14 +52,15 @@ class TestRegistryClient(unittest.TestCase):
         self.client._hmac = None
         self.client.hello = Mock(return_value = "aaabbb")
         self.client.cert = Mock()
-        key = "this_is_a_key"
+        key = b"this_is_a_key"
         self.client.cert.decrypt.return_value = key
-        h = hmac.HMAC(key, query, hashlib.sha1).digest()
+        h = hmac.HMAC(key, query.encode(), hashlib.sha1).digest()
         key = hashlib.sha1(key).digest()
         # response part
-        body = None
-        response = fakeResponse(body, httplib.NO_CONTENT)
-        response.msg = dict(Re6stHMAC=hmac.HMAC(key, body, hashlib.sha1).digest())
+        body = b'this is a body'
+        response = fakeResponse(body, http.client.NO_CONTENT)
+        response.msg = dict(Re6stHMAC=base64.b64encode(
+            hmac.HMAC(key, body, hashlib.sha1).digest()))
         self.client._conn.getresponse.return_value = response
 
         res = self.client.getNetworkConfig(cn)

re6st/tests/test_unit/test_tunnel/test_base_tunnel_manager.py

-#!/usr/bin/python2
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class testBaseTunnelManager(unittest.TestCase):
     # @patch("re6st.tunnel.BaseTunnelManager._makeTunnel", create=True)
     # def test_processPacket_address_with_msg_peer(self, makeTunnel):
     #     """code is 1, peer and msg not none """
-    #     c = chr(1)
+    #     c = b"\x01"
     #     msg = "address"
     #     peer = x509.Peer("000001")
     #     self.tunnel._connecting = {peer}
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class testBaseTunnelManager(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_processPacket_address(self):
         """code is 1, for address. And peer or msg are none"""
-        c = chr(1)
+        c = b"\x01"
         self.tunnel._address = {1: "1,1", 2: "2,2"}
 
         res = self.tunnel._processPacket(c)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class testBaseTunnelManager(unittest.TestCase):
         and each address join by ;
         it will truncate address which has more than 3 element
         """
-        c = chr(1)
+        c = b"\x01"
         peer = x509.Peer("000001")
         peer.protocol = 1
         self.tunnel._peers.append(peer)
@@ -111,11 +111,11 @@ class testBaseTunnelManager(unittest.TestCase):
         """code is 0, for network version, peer is not none
         2 case, one modify the version, one not
         """
-        c = chr(0)
+        c = b"\x00"
         peer = x509.Peer("000001")
-        version1 = "00003"
-        version2 = "00007"
-        self.tunnel._version = version3 = "00005"
+        version1 = b"00003"
+        version2 = b"00007"
+        self.tunnel._version = version3 = b"00005"
         self.tunnel._peers.append(peer)
 
         res = self.tunnel._processPacket(c + version1, peer)

re6st/tests/test_unit/test_tunnel/test_multi_gateway_manager.py

-#!/usr/bin/python2
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest

re6st/tests/tools.py

@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ def generate_cert(ca, ca_key, csr, prefix, serial, not_after=None):
     return
         crypto.X509Cert in pem format
     """
-    if type(ca) is str:
+    if type(ca) is bytes:
         ca = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, ca)
-    if type(ca_key) is str:
+    if type(ca_key) is bytes:
         ca_key = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, ca_key)
     req = crypto.load_certificate_request(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, csr)
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def generate_cert(ca, ca_key, csr, prefix, serial, not_after=None):
     cert.gmtime_adj_notBefore(0)
     if not_after:
         cert.set_notAfter(
-            time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ", time.gmtime(not_after)))
+            time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ", time.gmtime(not_after)).encode())
     else:
         cert.gmtime_adj_notAfter(registry.RegistryServer.cert_duration)
     subject = req.get_subject()
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ def generate_cert(ca, ca_key, csr, prefix, serial, not_after=None):
 def create_cert_file(pkey_file, cert_file, ca, ca_key, prefix, serial):
     pkey, csr = generate_csr()
     cert = generate_cert(ca, ca_key, csr, prefix, serial)
-    with open(pkey_file, 'w') as f:
+    with open(pkey_file, 'wb') as f:
         f.write(pkey)
-    with open(cert_file, 'w') as f:
+    with open(cert_file, 'wb') as f:
         f.write(cert)
 
     return pkey, cert
@@ -84,26 +84,23 @@ def create_ca_file(pkey_file, cert_file, serial=0x120010db80042):
     cert.set_pubkey(key)
     cert.sign(key, "sha512")
 
-    with open(pkey_file, 'w') as pkey_file:
+    with open(pkey_file, 'wb') as pkey_file:
         pkey_file.write(crypto.dump_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, key))
-    with open(cert_file, 'w') as cert_file:
+    with open(cert_file, 'wb') as cert_file:
         cert_file.write(crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, cert))
 
     return key, cert
 
 
-def prefix2cn(prefix):
+def prefix2cn(prefix: str) -> str:
     return "%u/%u" % (int(prefix, 2), len(prefix))
 
-def serial2prefix(serial):
+def serial2prefix(serial: int) -> str:
     return bin(serial)[2:].rjust(16, '0')
 
 # pkey: private key
-def decrypt(pkey, incontent):
-    with open("node.key", 'w') as f:
+def decrypt(pkey: bytes, incontent: bytes) -> bytes:
+    with open("node.key", 'wb') as f:
         f.write(pkey)
     args = "openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey node.key".split()
-    p = subprocess.Popen(
-        args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
-    outcontent, err = p.communicate(incontent)
-    return outcontent
+    return subprocess.run(args, input=incontent, stdout=subprocess.PIPE).stdout

re6st/upnpigd.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ class UPnPException(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-class Forwarder(object):
+class Forwarder:
     """
     External port is chosen randomly between 32768 & 49151 included.
     """
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class Forwarder(object):
     _lcg_n = 0
 
     @classmethod
-    def _getExternalPort(cls):
+    def _getExternalPort(cls) -> int:
         # Since _refresh() does not test all ports in a row, we prefer to
         # return random ports to maximize the chance to find a free port.
         # A linear congruential generator should be random enough, without
@@ -35,12 +35,12 @@ class Forwarder(object):
         self._u.discoverdelay = 200
         self._rules = []
 
-    def __getattr__(self, name):
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str):
         wrapped = getattr(self._u, name)
         def wrapper(*args, **kw):
             try:
                 return wrapped(*args, **kw)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 raise UPnPException(str(e))
         return wraps(wrapped)(wrapper)
 
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ class Forwarder(object):
         else:
             try:
                 return self._refresh()
-            except UPnPException, e:
-                logging.debug("UPnP failure", exc_info=1)
+            except UPnPException as e:
+                logging.debug("UPnP failure", exc_info=True)
                 self.clear()
         try:
             self.discover()
             self.selectigd()
             return self._refresh()
-        except UPnPException, e:
+        except UPnPException as e:
             self.next_refresh = self._next_retry = time.time() + 60
             logging.info(str(e))
             self.clear()
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class Forwarder(object):
                 try:
                     self.addportmapping(port, *args)
                     break
-                except UPnPException, e:
+                except UPnPException as e:
                     if str(e) != 'ConflictInMappingEntry':
                         raise
                     port = None

re6st/utils.py

 import argparse, errno, fcntl, hashlib, logging, os, select as _select
 import shlex, signal, socket, sqlite3, struct, subprocess
 import sys, textwrap, threading, time, traceback
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping
 
-# PY3: It will be even better to use Popen(pass_fds=...),
-#      and then socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC will be useless.
-#      (We already follow the good practice that consists in not
-#      relying on the GC for the closing of file descriptors.)
-socket.SOCK_CLOEXEC = 0x80000
-
-HMAC_LEN = len(hashlib.sha1('').digest())
+HMAC_LEN = len(hashlib.sha1(b'').digest())
 
 class ReexecException(Exception):
     pass
@@ -37,15 +32,15 @@ class FileHandler(logging.FileHandler):
         finally:
             self.lock.release()
         # In the rare case _reopen is set just before the lock was released
-        if self._reopen and self.lock.acquire(0):
+        if self._reopen and self.lock.acquire(False):
             self.release()
 
     def async_reopen(self, *_):
         self._reopen = True
-        if self.lock.acquire(0):
+        if self.lock.acquire(False):
             self.release()
 
-def setupLog(log_level, filename=None, **kw):
+def setupLog(log_level: int, filename: str | None=None, **kw):
     if log_level and filename:
         makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename))
         handler = FileHandler(filename)
@@ -119,7 +114,7 @@ class ArgParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
   ca /etc/re6stnet/ca.crt""", **kw)
 
 
-class exit(object):
+class exit:
 
     status = None
 
@@ -150,7 +145,7 @@ class exit(object):
         def handler(*args):
             if self.status is None:
                 self.status = status
-            if self.acquire(0):
+            if self.acquire(False):
                 self.release()
         for sig in sigs:
             signal.signal(sig, handler)
@@ -164,7 +159,7 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
         self._args = tuple(args[0] if args else kw['args'])
         try:
             super(Popen, self).__init__(*args, **kw)
-        except OSError, e:
+        except OSError as e:
             if e.errno != errno.ENOMEM:
                 raise
             self.returncode = -1
@@ -179,9 +174,9 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
             self.terminate()
             t = threading.Timer(5, self.kill)
             t.start()
-            # PY3: use waitid(WNOWAIT) and call self.poll() after t.cancel()
-            r = self.wait()
+            r = os.waitid(os.P_PID, self.pid, os.WNOWAIT)
             t.cancel()
+            self.poll()
             return r
 
 
@@ -189,7 +184,7 @@ def setCloexec(fd):
     flags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFD)
     fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFD, flags | fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC)
 
-def select(R, W, T):
+def select(R: Mapping, W: Mapping, T):
     try:
         r, w, _ = _select.select(R, W, (),
             max(0, min(T)[0] - time.time()) if T else None)
@@ -209,19 +204,19 @@ def select(R, W, T):
 def makedirs(*args):
     try:
         os.makedirs(*args)
-    except OSError, e:
+    except OSError as e:
         if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
             raise
 
-def binFromIp(ip):
+def binFromIp(ip: str) -> str:
     return binFromRawIp(socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip))
 
-def binFromRawIp(ip):
+def binFromRawIp(ip: bytes) -> str:
     ip1, ip2 = struct.unpack('>QQ', ip)
     return bin(ip1)[2:].rjust(64, '0') + bin(ip2)[2:].rjust(64, '0')
 
 
-def ipFromBin(ip, suffix=''):
+def ipFromBin(ip: str, suffix='') -> str:
     suffix_len = 128 - len(ip)
     if suffix_len > 0:
         ip += suffix.rjust(suffix_len, '0')
@@ -230,30 +225,32 @@ def ipFromBin(ip, suffix=''):
     return socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6,
         struct.pack('>QQ', int(ip[:64], 2), int(ip[64:], 2)))
 
-def dump_address(address):
+def dump_address(address: str) -> str:
     return ';'.join(map(','.join, address))
 
 # Yield ip, port, protocol, and country if it is in the address
-def parse_address(address_list):
+def parse_address(address_list: str) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str, str, str]]:
     for address in address_list.split(';'):
         try:
             a = address.split(',')
             int(a[1]) # Check if port is an int
             yield tuple(a[:4])
-        except ValueError, e:
+        except ValueError as e:
             logging.warning("Failed to parse node address %r (%s)",
                             address, e)
 
-def binFromSubnet(subnet):
+def binFromSubnet(subnet: str) -> str:
     p, l = subnet.split('/')
     return bin(int(p))[2:].rjust(int(l), '0')
 
-def newHmacSecret():
+def _newHmacSecret():
     from random import getrandbits as g
     pack = struct.Struct(">QQI").pack
     assert len(pack(0,0,0)) == HMAC_LEN
+    # A closure is built to avoid rebuilding the `pack` function at each call.
     return lambda x=None: pack(g(64) if x is None else x, g(64), g(32))
-newHmacSecret = newHmacSecret()
+
+newHmacSecret = _newHmacSecret() # https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/1174
 
 ### Integer serialization
 # - supports values from 0 to 0x202020202020201f
@@ -261,21 +258,21 @@ newHmacSecret = newHmacSecret()
 # - there's always a unique way to encode a value
 # - the 3 first bits code the number of bytes
 
-def packInteger(i):
-    for n in xrange(8):
+def packInteger(i: int) -> bytes:
+    for n in range(8):
         x = 32 << 8 * n
         if i < x:
             return struct.pack("!Q", i + n * x)[7-n:]
         i -= x
     raise OverflowError
 
-def unpackInteger(x):
-    n = ord(x[0]) >> 5
+def unpackInteger(x: bytes) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
+    n = x[0] >> 5
     try:
-        i, = struct.unpack("!Q", '\0' * (7 - n) + x[:n+1])
+        i, = struct.unpack("!Q", b'\0' * (7 - n) + x[:n+1])
     except struct.error:
         return
-    return sum((32 << 8 * i for i in xrange(n)),
+    return sum((32 << 8 * i for i in range(n)),
                 i - (n * 32 << 8 * n)), n + 1
 
 ###

re6st/version.py

@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ protocol = 8
 min_protocol = 1
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    print version
+    print(version)

re6st/x509.py

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import calendar, hashlib, hmac, logging, os, struct, subprocess, threading, time
+from typing import Callable, Any
+
 from OpenSSL import crypto
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.serialization import load_pem_private_key
+from cryptography.x509 import load_pem_x509_certificate
+
 from . import utils
 from .version import protocol
 
-def newHmacSecret():
+def newHmacSecret() -> bytes:
     return utils.newHmacSecret(int(time.time() * 1000000))
 
-def networkFromCa(ca):
+def networkFromCa(ca: crypto.X509) -> str:
+    # TODO: will be ca.serial_number after migration to cryptography
     return bin(ca.get_serial_number())[3:]
 
-def subnetFromCert(cert):
+def subnetFromCert(cert: crypto.X509) -> str:
     return cert.get_subject().CN
 
-def notBefore(cert):
-    return calendar.timegm(time.strptime(cert.get_notBefore(),'%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ'))
+def notBefore(cert: crypto.X509) -> int:
+    return calendar.timegm(time.strptime(cert.get_notBefore().decode(),
+                                         '%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ'))
 
-def notAfter(cert):
-    return calendar.timegm(time.strptime(cert.get_notAfter(),'%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ'))
+def notAfter(cert: crypto.X509) -> int:
+    return calendar.timegm(time.strptime(cert.get_notAfter().decode(),
+                                         '%Y%m%d%H%M%SZ'))
 
-def openssl(*args):
+def openssl(*args: str, fds=[]) -> utils.Popen:
     return utils.Popen(('openssl',) + args,
         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-        stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        stderr=subprocess.PIPE, pass_fds=fds)
 
-def encrypt(cert, data):
+def encrypt(cert: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
     r, w = os.pipe()
     try:
         threading.Thread(target=os.write, args=(w, cert)).start()
         p = openssl('rsautl', '-encrypt', '-certin',
-                    '-inkey', '/proc/self/fd/%u' % r)
+                    '-inkey', '/proc/self/fd/%u' % r, fds=[r])
         out, err = p.communicate(data)
     finally:
         os.close(r)
@@ -39,10 +49,12 @@ def encrypt(cert, data):
         raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(p.returncode, 'openssl', err)
     return out
 
-def fingerprint(cert, alg='sha1'):
+def fingerprint(cert: crypto.X509, alg='sha1'):
     return hashlib.new(alg, crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, cert))
 
-def maybe_renew(path, cert, info, renew, force=False):
+def maybe_renew(path: str, cert: crypto.X509, info: str,
+                renew: Callable[[], bytes],
+                force=False) -> tuple[crypto.X509, int]:
     from .registry import RENEW_PERIOD
     while True:
         if force:
@@ -62,7 +74,7 @@ def maybe_renew(path, cert, info, renew, force=False):
             exc_info = 1
             break
         new_path = path + '.new'
-        with open(new_path, 'w') as f:
+        with open(new_path, 'wb') as f:
             f.write(pem)
         try:
             s = os.stat(path)
@@ -84,39 +96,44 @@ class NewSessionError(Exception):
     pass
 
 
-class Cert(object):
+class Cert:
 
-    def __init__(self, ca, key, cert=None):
+    def __init__(self, ca: str, key: str, cert: str | None=None):
         self.ca_path = ca
         self.cert_path = cert
         self.key_path = key
-        with open(ca) as f:
-            self.ca = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, f.read())
-        with open(key) as f:
-            self.key = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, f.read())
+        # TODO: finish migration from old OpenSSL module to cryptography
+        with open(ca, "rb") as f:
+            ca_pem = f.read()
+            self.ca = crypto.load_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, ca_pem)
+            self.ca_crypto = load_pem_x509_certificate(ca_pem)
+        with open(key, "rb") as f:
+            key_pem = f.read()
+            self.key = crypto.load_privatekey(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, key_pem)
+            self.key_crypto = load_pem_private_key(key_pem, password=None)
         if cert:
             with open(cert) as f:
-                self.cert = self.loadVerify(f.read())
+                self.cert = self.loadVerify(f.read().encode())
 
     @property
-    def prefix(self):
+    def prefix(self) -> str:
         return utils.binFromSubnet(subnetFromCert(self.cert))
 
     @property
-    def network(self):
+    def network(self) -> str:
         return networkFromCa(self.ca)
 
     @property
-    def subject_serial(self):
+    def subject_serial(self) -> int:
         return int(self.cert.get_subject().serialNumber)
 
     @property
-    def openvpn_args(self):
+    def openvpn_args(self) -> tuple[str, ...]:
         return ('--ca', self.ca_path,
                 '--cert', self.cert_path,
                 '--key', self.key_path)
 
-    def maybeRenew(self, registry, crl):
+    def maybeRenew(self, registry, crl) -> int:
         self.cert, next_renew = maybe_renew(self.cert_path, self.cert,
               "Certificate", lambda: registry.renewCertificate(self.prefix),
               self.cert.get_serial_number() in crl)
@@ -143,21 +160,31 @@ class Cert(object):
                 "error running openssl, assuming cert is invalid")
           # BBB: With old versions of openssl, detailed
           #      error is printed to standard output.
-          for err in err, out:
-            for x in err.splitlines():
+          for stream in err, out:
+            for x in stream.decode(errors='replace').splitlines():
                 if x.startswith('error '):
                     x, msg = x.split(':', 1)
                     _, code, _, depth, _ = x.split(None, 4)
                     raise VerifyError(int(code), int(depth), msg.strip())
         return r
 
-    def verify(self, sign, data):
-        crypto.verify(self.ca, sign, data, 'sha512')
-
-    def sign(self, data):
-        return crypto.sign(self.key, data, 'sha512')
-
-    def decrypt(self, data):
+    def verify(self, sign: bytes, data: bytes):
+        pub_key = self.ca_crypto.public_key()
+        pub_key.verify(
+            sign,
+            data,
+            padding.PKCS1v15(),
+            hashes.SHA512()
+        )
+
+    def sign(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return self.key_crypto.sign(
+            data,
+            padding.PKCS1v15(),
+            hashes.SHA512()
+        )
+
+    def decrypt(self, data: bytes) -> bytes:
         p = openssl('rsautl', '-decrypt', '-inkey', self.key_path)
         out, err = p.communicate(data)
         if p.returncode:
@@ -166,7 +193,7 @@ class Cert(object):
 
     def verifyVersion(self, version):
         try:
-            n = 1 + (ord(version[0]) >> 5)
+            n = 1 + (version[0] >> 5)
             self.verify(version[n:], version[:n])
         except (IndexError, crypto.Error):
             raise VerifyError(None, None, 'invalid network version')
@@ -175,7 +202,7 @@ class Cert(object):
 PACKED_PROTOCOL = utils.packInteger(protocol)
 
 
-class Peer(object):
+class Peer:
     """
     UDP:    A ─────────────────────────────────────────────> B
 
@@ -206,9 +233,10 @@ class Peer(object):
     _key = newHmacSecret()
     serial = None
     stop_date = float('inf')
-    version = ''
+    version = b''
+    cert: crypto.X509
 
-    def __init__(self, prefix):
+    def __init__(self, prefix: str):
         self.prefix = prefix
 
     @property
@@ -224,35 +252,35 @@ class Peer(object):
     def __lt__(self, other):
         return self.prefix < (other if type(other) is str else other.prefix)
 
-    def hello0(self, cert):
+    def hello0(self, cert: crypto.X509) -> bytes:
         if self._hello < time.time():
             try:
                 # Always assume peer is not old, in case it has just upgraded,
                 # else we would be stuck with the old protocol.
-                msg = ('\0\0\0\1'
+                msg = (b'\0\0\0\1'
                     + PACKED_PROTOCOL
                     + fingerprint(self.cert).digest())
             except AttributeError:
-                msg = '\0\0\0\0'
+                msg = b'\0\0\0\0'
             return msg + crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, cert)
 
     def hello0Sent(self):
         self._hello = time.time() + 60
 
-    def hello(self, cert, protocol):
+    def hello(self, cert: Cert, protocol: int) -> bytes:
         key = self._key = newHmacSecret()
         h = encrypt(crypto.dump_certificate(crypto.FILETYPE_PEM, self.cert),
                     key)
         self._i = self._j = 2
         self._last = 0
         self.protocol = protocol
-        return ''.join(('\0\0\0\2', PACKED_PROTOCOL if protocol else '',
+        return b''.join((b'\0\0\0\2', PACKED_PROTOCOL if protocol else b'',
                         h, cert.sign(h)))
 
-    def _hmac(self, msg):
+    def _hmac(self, msg: bytes) -> bytes:
         return hmac.HMAC(self._key, msg, hashlib.sha1).digest()
 
-    def newSession(self, key, protocol):
+    def newSession(self, key: bytes, protocol: int):
         if key <= self._key:
             raise NewSessionError(self._key, key)
         self._key = key
@@ -260,12 +288,13 @@ class Peer(object):
         self._last = None
         self.protocol = protocol
 
-    def verify(self, sign, data):
+    def verify(self, sign: bytes, data: bytes):
         crypto.verify(self.cert, sign, data, 'sha512')
 
     seqno_struct = struct.Struct("!L")
 
-    def decode(self, msg, _unpack=seqno_struct.unpack):
+    def decode(self, msg: bytes, _unpack=seqno_struct.unpack) \
+            -> tuple[int, bytes, int | None] | bytes:
         seqno, = _unpack(msg[:4])
         if seqno <= 2:
             msg = msg[4:]
@@ -281,8 +310,10 @@ class Peer(object):
             self._i = seqno
             return msg[4:i]
 
-    def encode(self, msg, _pack=seqno_struct.pack):
+    def encode(self, msg: str | bytes, _pack=seqno_struct.pack) -> bytes:
         self._j += 1
+        if type(msg) is str:
+            msg = msg.encode()
         msg = _pack(self._j) + msg
         return msg + self._hmac(msg)
 

setup.py

@@ -7,21 +7,23 @@ from setuptools.command import sdist as _sdist, build_py as _build_py
 from distutils import log
 
 version = {"__file__": "re6st/version.py"}
-execfile(version["__file__"], version)
+with open(version["__file__"]) as f:
+    code = compile(f.read(), version["__file__"], 'exec')
+    exec(code, version)
 
 def copy_file(self, infile, outfile, *args, **kw):
     if infile == version["__file__"]:
         if not self.dry_run:
             log.info("generating %s -> %s", infile, outfile)
-            with open(outfile, "wb") as f:
-                for x in sorted(version.iteritems()):
+            with open(outfile, "w") as f:
+                for x in sorted(version.items()):
                     if not x[0].startswith("_"):
                         f.write("%s = %r\n" % x)
         return outfile, 1
     elif isinstance(self, build_py) and \
          os.stat(infile).st_mode & stat.S_IEXEC:
         if os.path.isdir(infile) and os.path.isdir(outfile):
-            return (outfile, 0)
+            return outfile, 0
         # Adjust interpreter of OpenVPN hooks.
         with open(infile) as src:
             first_line = src.readline()
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ def copy_file(self, infile, outfile, *args, **kw):
                 patched += src.read()
                 dst = os.open(outfile, os.O_CREAT | os.O_WRONLY | os.O_TRUNC)
                 try:
-                    os.write(dst, patched)
+                    os.write(dst, patched.encode())
                 finally:
                     os.close(dst)
                 return outfile, 1
@@ -51,7 +53,8 @@ Environment :: Console
 License :: OSI Approved :: GNU General Public License (GPL)
 Natural Language :: English
 Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux
-Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
+Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
 Topic :: Internet
 Topic :: System :: Networking
 """
@@ -73,6 +76,7 @@ setup(
     license = 'GPL 2+',
     platforms = ["any"],
     classifiers=classifiers.splitlines(),
+    python_requires = '>=3.11',
     long_description = ".. contents::\n\n" + open('README.rst').read()
                      + "\n" + open('CHANGES.rst').read() + git_rev,
     packages = find_packages(),
@@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ setup(
     extras_require = {
         'geoip': ['geoip2'],
         'multicast': ['PyYAML'],
-        'test': ['mock', 'pathlib2', 'nemu', 'python-unshare', 'python-passfd', 'multiping']
+        'test': ['mock', 'nemu3', 'unshare', 'multiping']
     },
     #dependency_links = [
     #    "http://miniupnp.free.fr/files/download.php?file=miniupnpc-1.7.20120714.tar.gz#egg=miniupnpc-1.7",