Optimize checking if a user can read multiple issues

## What does this MR do?

This optimizes various parts of the code so it can more efficiently check if a user can read a list of issues.

## Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

Yes, in particular `Ability.issues_readable_by_user` should be checked to make sure it correctly allows/restricts access to issues.

## Why was this MR needed?

Currently the general approach to checking if one can read an issue is to iterate over the issues to check and call `can?(user, :read_issue, issue)` for every issue. This is not efficient as the same work has to be done for every issue.

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

* #15607 
* #17463

See merge request !5370

Enable Rubocop cops that check access modifiers

## What does this MR do?

This MR enables Rubocop cops that detect methods that should be restricted but are the part of public API because of access modifiers used improperly.

This also fixes existing offenses.

## Why was this MR needed?

Some method in our codebase are public instead of being private because it is sometimes difficult to get it right without static analysis.

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

See #17478  
Closes #17372 

See merge request !5014

Move CI job config entries from legacy to new config

## What does this MR do?

This MR extracts jobs configuration logic from legacy CI config processor to the new code.

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

#15060

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- Tests
  - [x] Added for this feature/bug
  - [x] All builds are passing
- [x] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [x] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)

See merge request !5087

Check for Ci::Build artifacts at database level

## What does this MR do?

Check for the presence of artifacts not expired at database level

## Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?

N/A

## Why was this MR needed?

To try to improve a little the performance of the pipelines page

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #20371

## Screenshots (if relevant)

N/A

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- [x] [CHANGELOG](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG) entry added
- ~~[ ] [Documentation created/updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/development/doc_styleguide.md)~~
- ~~[ ] API support added~~
- Tests
  - [x] Added for this feature/bug
  - [ ] All builds are passing
- [x] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [x] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)
- [x] [Squashed related commits together](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History#Squashing-Commits)


See merge request !5543

Bump gitlab_git to speedup DiffCollection iterations

See merge request !5564

The method Ability.issues_readable_by_user takes a list of users and an
optional user and returns an Array of issues readable by said user. This
method in turn is used by
Banzai::ReferenceParser::IssueParser#nodes_visible_to_user so this
method no longer needs to get all the available abilities just to check
if a user has the "read_issue" ability.

To test this I benchmarked an issue with 222 comments on my development
environment. Using these changes the time spent in nodes_visible_to_user
was reduced from around 120 ms to around 40 ms.

Allow creating protected branches that can't be pushed to

## What does this MR do?

- Add "No one can push" as a setting to protected branches.
- This applies to Masters (as well as all other users)

## What are the relevant issue numbers?

Closes #18193 

## Does this need an EE merge request?

Yes. gitlab-org/gitlab-ee!569

## Screenshots

![Screen_Shot_2016-07-29_at_3.14.59_PM](/uploads/2e8774c311763bc6e570501a2e6cabf7/Screen_Shot_2016-07-29_at_3.14.59_PM.png)

## TODO

- [ ]  #18193 !5081 No one can push to protected branches
    - [x]  Implementation
        - [x]  Model changes
            - [x]  Remove "developers_can_merge" and "developers_can_push"
            - [x]  Replace with `ProtectedBranchPushAccess` and `ProtectedBranchMergeAccess`
                - [x]  Reversible migration
                - [x]  Raise error on failure
                - [x]  MySQL
        - [x]  Backend changes
            - [x]  Creating a protected branch creates access rows
            - [x]  Add `no_one` as an access level
            - [x]  Enforce "no one can push" 
            - [x]  Allow setting levels while creating protected branches?
        - [x]  Frontend
            - [x]  Replace checkboxes with `select`s
    - [x]  Add tests
    - [x]  `GitPushService` -> new projects' default branch protection
    - [x]  Fix existing tests
    - [x]  Refactor
    - [x]  Test workflows by hand
        - [x]  from the Web UI
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Push" is "No one"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Masters can't push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Push" is "Developers + Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can push
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Push" is "Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can merge
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Developers + Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can merge
                - [x]  Masters can merge
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Developers + Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "No one"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can merge
                - [x]  Masters can merge
                - [x]  Masters can't push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "No one"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can merge
                - [x]  Masters can't push
        - [x]  from CLI
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Push" is "No one"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Masters can't push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Push" is "Developers + Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can push
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Push" is "Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can merge
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Developers + Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "Masters"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can merge
                - [x]  Masters can push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Developers + Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "No one"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can't push
            - [x]  When "Allowed to Merge" is "Masters" and "Allowed to Push" is "No one"
                - [x]  Developers can't push
                - [x]  Developers can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can't merge
                - [x]  Masters can't push
    - [x]  Add tests for owners and admins
    - [x]  CHANGELOG
    - [x]  Screenshots
    - [x]  Documentation
    - [x]  Wait for ~~!4665~~ to be merged in
    - [x]  Wait for ~~gitlab-org/gitlab-ce#19872~~ and ~~gitlab-org/gitlab-ee!564~~ to be closed
    - [x]  Rebase against master instead of !4892
    - [x]  Make sure [build](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/commit/a4ca206fd1cc0332d1e385ddbc0f2e4065c3ae73/builds) is green
    - [x]  Create EE MR
        - [x]  Cherry pick commits
        - [x]  Make sure [build](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ee/commit/4e17190d7dc546c1f977edcafd1cbcea4bdb4043/builds) is green
    - [x]  Address @axil's comments
    - [x]  Assign to endboss
    - [x]  Wait for @dbalexandre's review
    - [x]  Address @dbalexandre's comments
    - [x]  Address @axil's comments
        - [x]  Align dropdowns
        - [x]  No flash when protected branch is updated
    - [x]  Resolve conflicts
    - [x]  Implement protect/unprotect API
    - [x]  Address @dbalexandre's comments
    - [x]  Update EE MR
    - [x]  Address @rymai's comments
        - [x]  Create/Update service should return a `ProtectedBranch`
        - [x]  Successfuly protected branch creation shouldn't `load_protected_branches`
        - [x]  Rename `allowed_to_merge` as #minimum_access_level_for_merge
        - [x]  Rename `allowed_to_push` as #minimum_access_level_for_push
        - [x]  Use `inclusion` and `Gitlab::Access` instead of an `enum`
        - [x]  Modify `check_access` to work with `Gitlab::Access`
        - [x]  Pass `@protected_branch` to `#execute` in `UpdateService`
        - [x]  simplify with a nested field `protected_branch[push_access_level][access_level]`
        - [x]  `developers_can_{merge,push}` should be handled in the API
        - [x]  Use `can?(current_user, ...)` instead of `current_user.can?(...)`
        - [x]  Instantiate `ProtectedBranchesAccessSelect` in `dispatcher.js`
        - [x]  constants regarding downtime migrations
        - [x]  Explicit `#down` for columns with default
    - [x]  Update EE MR
    - [ ]  Wait for CE merge
    - [ ]  Wait for EE merge
    - [ ]  Create issue for UI changes proposed by @zyv


See merge request !5081

1. Instantiate `ProtectedBranchesAccessSelect` from `dispatcher`

2. Use `can?(user, ...)` instead of `user.can?(...)`

3. Add `DOWNTIME` notes to all migrations added in !5081.

4. Add an explicit `down` method for migrations removing the
   `developers_can_push` and `developers_can_merge` columns, ensuring that
   the columns created (on rollback) have the appropriate defaults.

5. Remove duplicate CHANGELOG entries.

6. Blank lines after guard clauses.

1. It makes sense to reuse these constants since we had them duplicated
   in the previous enum implementation. This also simplifies our
   `check_access` implementation, because we can use
   `project.team.max_member_access` directly.

2. Use `accepts_nested_attributes_for` to create push/merge access
   levels. This was a bit fiddly to set up, but this simplifies our code
   by quite a large amount. We can even get rid of
   `ProtectedBranches::BaseService`.

3. Move API handling back into the API (previously in
   `ProtectedBranches::BaseService#translate_api_params`.

4. The protected branch services now return a `ProtectedBranch` rather
   than `true/false`.

5. Run `load_protected_branches` on-demand in the `create` action, to
   prevent it being called unneccessarily.

6. "Masters" is pre-selected as the default option for "Allowed to Push"
   and "Allowed to Merge".

7. These changes were based on a review from @rymai in !5081.

1. Caused by incorrect test setup. The user wasn't added to the project,
   so protected branch creation failed authorization.

2. Change setup for a different test (`Event.last` to
   `Event.find_by_action`) because our `project.team << ...` addition
   was causing a conflict.

1. This is a third line of defence (first in the view, second in the
   controller).

2. Duplicate the `API::Helpers.to_boolean` method in `BaseService`. The
   other alternative is to `include API::Helpers`, but this brings with it
   a number of other methods that might cause conflicts.

3. Return a 403 if authorization fails.

1. The new data model moves from `developers_can_{push,merge}` to
   `allowed_to_{push,merge}`.

2. The API interface has not been changed. It still accepts
   `developers_can_push` and `developers_can_merge` as options. These
   attributes are inferred from the new data model.

3. Modify the protected branch create/update services to translate from
   the API interface to our current data model.

1. Align "Allowed to Merge" and "Allowed to Push" dropdowns.

2. Don't display a flash every time a protected branch is updated.
   Previously, we were using this so the test has something to hook onto
   before the assertion. Now we're using `wait_for_ajax` instead.

- Likely introduced during an improper conflict resolution.

1. Remove `master_or_greater?` and `developer_or_greater?` in favor of
   `max_member_access`, which is a lot nicer.

2. Remove a number of instances of `include Gitlab::Database::MigrationHelpers`
   in migrations that don't need this module. Also remove comments where
   not necessary.

3. Remove duplicate entry in CHANGELOG.

4. Move `ProtectedBranchAccessSelect` from Coffeescript to ES6.

5. Split the `set_access_levels!` method in two - one each for `merge` and
   `push` access levels.

- Based on feedback from @axil
- http://docs.gitlab.com/ce/development/ui_guide.html#buttons

1. In the context of protected branches.

2. Test this behaviour.

1. These versions of PhantomJS don't support `PATCH` requests, so we use
   a `POST` with `_method` set to `PATCH`.

1. The model now contains this humanization data, which is the once
   source of truth.

2. Previously, this was being listed out in the dropdown component as well.

1. Remove `Project#developers_can_push_to_protected_branch?` since it
   isn't used anymore.

2. Remove `Project#developers_can_merge_to_protected_branch?` since it
   isn't used anymore.

1. So it works with the new data model for protected branch access levels.

1. Get the existing spec passing.

2. Add specs for all the access control options, both while creating and
   updating protected branches.

3. Show a flash notice when updating protected branches, primarily so
   the spec knows when the update is done.

1. Reuse the same dropdown component that we used for updating these
   settings (`ProtectedBranchesAccessSelect`). Have it accept options
   for the parent container (so we can control the elements it sees) and
   whether or not to save changes via AJAX (we need this for update, but
   not create).

2. Change the "Developers" option to "Developers + Masters", which is
   clearer.

3. Remove `developers_can_push` and `developers_can_merge` from the
   model, since they're not needed anymore.

1. The crux of this change is in `UserAccess`, which looks through all
   the access levels, asking each if the user has access to push/merge
   for the current project.

2. Update the `protected_branches` factory to create access levels as
   necessary.

3. Fix and augment `user_access` and `git_access` specs.

1. Move to dropdowns instead of checkboxes. One each for "Allowed to
   Push" and "Allowed to Merge"

2. Refactor the `ProtectedBranches` coffeescript class into
   `ProtectedBranchesAccessSelect`.

3. Modify the backend to accept the new parameters.

1. Improve error handling while creating protected branches.

2. Modify coffeescript code so that the "Developers can *" checkboxes
   send a '1' or '0' even when using AJAX. This lets us keep the backend
   code simpler.

3. Use services for both creating and updating protected branches.
   Destruction is taken care of with `dependent: :destroy`

- And hook up their associations.

1. Remove the `developers_can_push` and `developers_can_merge` boolean
   columns.

2. Add two new tables, `protected_branches_push_access`, and
   `protected_branches_merge_access`. Each row of these 'access' tables is
   linked to a protected branch, and uses a `access_level` column to
   figure out settings for the protected branch.

3. The `access_level` column is intended to be used with rails' `enum`,
   with `:masters` at index 0 and `:developers` at index 1.

4. Doing it this way has a few advantages:

   - Cleaner path to planned EE features where a protected branch is
     accessible only by certain users or groups.

   - Rails' `enum` doesn't allow a declaration like this due to the
     duplicates. This approach doesn't have this problem.

       enum can_be_pushed_by: [:masters, :developers]
       enum can_be_merged_by: [:masters, :developers]

Cache the commit author in RequestStore to avoid extra lookups in PostReceive

See merge request !5537

Merge branch '17073-tagscontroller-index-is-terrible-response-time-goes-up-to-5-seconds' into 'master'

Update to gitlab_git 10.4.1 and take advantage of preserved Ref objects

See merge request !5536

Reduce number of queries made for merge_requests/:id/diffs

## What does this MR do?
It reduces the number of DB queries made while processing and rendering MR notes.

## Are there points in the code the reviewer needs to double check?
N/A

## Why was this MR needed?
For `https://staging.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/3142/diffs.json`, for each note we make number of DB queries, almost all of them are handled by the AR caching layer, but they seem to add up a few seconds. Testing on staging, calling `merge_requests/3142/diffs.json` was reduced to ~5.5 seconds from ~8 seconds.

## What are the relevant issue numbers?
N/A

## Screenshots (if relevant)
N/A

## Does this MR meet the acceptance criteria?

- [x] [CHANGELOG](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CHANGELOG) entry added
- [ ] ~~[Documentation created/updated](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/development/doc_styleguide.md)~~
- [ ] ~~API support added~~
- ~~Tests~~
  - [ ] ~~Added for this feature/bug~~
  - [ ] ~~All builds are passing~~
- [x] Conform by the [style guides](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#style-guides)
- [x] Branch has no merge conflicts with `master` (if you do - rebase it please)
- [x] [Squashed related commits together](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History#Squashing-Commits)

See merge request !5551

Replace ci icons with slightly thicker ones

## What does this MR do?
Adds updated CI icons

## Why was this MR needed?
New CI icons were a tad too thin

## What are the relevant issue numbers?
Closes #20089 

## Screenshots (if relevant)
![Screen_Shot_2016-07-26_at_8.59.28_AM](/uploads/35671085829fd64f8a9cf98704661ece/Screen_Shot_2016-07-26_at_8.59.28_AM.png)

See merge request !5475

Remove project which can't be pulled while seeding

This project can't be pulled from GH when running `SIZE=20 rake dev:setup`

[ci skip]

See merge request !5559

[ci skip]