Commit a6b8bae5 authored by Robert Bradshaw's avatar Robert Bradshaw

sharing declarations, compiling

parent 9ba8cf84
.. highlight:: cython
.. external-C-code:
.. _external-C-code:
**********************************
Interfacing with External C Code
......@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@ variables from the library that you want to use.
You can also use public declarations to make C functions and variables defined
in a Cython module available to external C code. The need for this is expected
to be less frequent, but you might want to do it, for example, if you are
embedding Python in another application as a scripting language. Just as a
`embedding Python`_ in another application as a scripting language. Just as a
Cython module can be used as a bridge to allow Python code to call C code, it
can also be used to allow C code to call Python code.
.. _embedding Python: http://www.freenet.org.nz/python/embeddingpyrex/
External declarations
=======================
......@@ -63,7 +65,12 @@ match the C ones, and in some cases they shouldn't or can't. In particular:
1. Don't use ``const``. Cython doesn't know anything about ``const``, so just
leave it out. Most of the time this shouldn't cause any problem, although
on rare occasions you might have to use a cast.
on rare occasions you might have to use a cast. You can also explicitly
declare something like::
ctypedef char* const_char_ptr "const char*"
though in most cases this will not be needed.
.. warning::
......@@ -121,7 +128,8 @@ match the C ones, and in some cases they shouldn't or can't. In particular:
ctypedef int size_t
will work okay whatever the actual size of a :ctype:`size_t` is (provided the header
file defines it correctly).
file defines it correctly). Conversion to and from Python types, if any, will also
be used for this new type.
5. If the header file uses macros to define constants, translate them into a
dummy ``enum`` declaration.
......@@ -129,6 +137,10 @@ match the C ones, and in some cases they shouldn't or can't. In particular:
6. If the header file defines a function using a macro, declare it as though
it were an ordinary function, with appropriate argument and result types.
7. For archaic reasons C uses the keyword :keyword:`void` to declare a function
taking no parameters. In Cython as in Python, simply declare such functions
as :meth:`foo()`.
A few more tricks and tips:
* If you want to include a C header because it's needed by another header, but
......@@ -280,7 +292,7 @@ Using Cython Declarations from C
==================================
Cython provides two methods for making C declarations from a Cython module
available for use by external C codepublic declarations and C API
available for use by external C code---public declarations and C API
declarations.
.. note::
......
......@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ statement.
A ``.pxd`` file that consists solely of extern declarations does not need
to correspond to an actual ``.pyx`` file or Python module. This can make it a
convenient place to put common declarations, for example declarations of
functions from an external library that one wants to use in several modules.
functions from an :ref:`external library <external-C-code>` that one wants to use in several modules.
What a Definition File contains
================================
......
......@@ -70,9 +70,13 @@ would be::
Notice that the files have been given a name, this is not necessary, but it
makes the file easier to format if the list gets long.
If any of the files depend on include paths information can be passed to the
:obj:`Extension` class through the :keyword:`include_dirs` option, which is a
list of paths to the include directories.
The :class:`Extension` class takes many options, and a fuller explanation can
be found in the `distutils documentation`_. Some useful options to know about
are ``include_dirs``, ``libraries``, and ``library_dirs`` which specify where
to find the ``.h`` and library files when linking to external libraries.
.. _distutils documentation: http://docs.python.org/extending/building.html
Multiple Cython Files in a Package
......
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