Building the kernel with CONFIG_BPF_PRELOAD, and by providing a relative
path for the output directory, may fail with the following error:

  $ make O=build bindeb-pkg
  ...
  /.../linux/tools/scripts/Makefile.include:5: *** O=build does not exist.  Stop.
  make[7]: *** [/.../linux/kernel/bpf/preload/Makefile:9: kernel/bpf/preload/libbpf.a] Error 2
  make[6]: *** [/.../linux/scripts/Makefile.build:500: kernel/bpf/preload] Error 2
  make[5]: *** [/.../linux/scripts/Makefile.build:500: kernel/bpf] Error 2
  make[4]: *** [/.../linux/Makefile:1799: kernel] Error 2
  make[4]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

In the case above, for the "bindeb-pkg" target, the error is produced by
the "dummy" check in Makefile.include, called from libbpf's Makefile.
This check changes directory to $(PWD) before checking for the existence
of $(O). But at this step we have $(PWD) pointing to "/.../linux/build",
and $(O) pointing to "build". So the Makefile.include tries in fact to
assert the existence of a directory named "/.../linux/build/build",
which does not exist.

Note that the error does not occur for all make targets and
architectures combinations. This was observed on x86 for "bindeb-pkg",
or for a regular build for UML [0].

Here are some details. The root Makefile recursively calls itself once,
after changing directory to $(O). The content for the variable $(PWD) is
preserved across recursive calls to make, so it is unchanged at this
step. For "bindeb-pkg", $(PWD) is eventually updated because the target
writes a new Makefile (as debian/rules) and calls it indirectly through
dpkg-buildpackage. This script does not preserve $(PWD), which is reset
to the current working directory when the target in debian/rules is
called.

Although not investigated, it seems likely that something similar causes
UML to change its value for $(PWD).

Non-trivial fixes could be to remove the use of $(PWD) from the "dummy"
check, or to make sure that $(PWD) and $(O) are preserved or updated to
always play well and form a valid $(PWD)/$(O) path across the different
targets and architectures. Instead, we take a simpler approach and just
update $(O) when calling libbpf's Makefile, so it points to an absolute
path which should always resolve for the "dummy" check run (through
includes) by that Makefile.

David Gow previously posted a slightly different version of this patch
as a RFC [0], two months ago or so.

  [0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201119085022.3606135-1-davidgow@google.com/t/#u

Fixes: d71fa5c9 ("bpf: Add kernel module with user mode driver that populates bpffs.")
Reported-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Brendan Higgins <brendanhiggins@google.com>
Cc: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210126161320.24561-1-quentin@isovalent.com