Patch series "mm/damon: provide pseudo-moving sum based access rate".

DAMON checks the access to each region for every sampling interval,
increase the access rate counter of the region, namely nr_accesses, if the
access was made.  For every aggregation interval, the counter is reset. 
The counter is exposed to users to be used as a metric showing the
relative access rate (frequency) of each region.  In other words, DAMON
provides access rate of each region in every aggregation interval.  The
aggregation avoids temporal access pattern changes making things
confusing.  However, this also makes a few DAMON-related operations to
unnecessarily need to be aligned to the aggregation interval.  This can
restrict the flexibility of DAMON applications, especially when the
aggregation interval is huge.

To provide the monitoring results in finer-grained timing while keeping
handling of temporal access pattern change, this patchset implements a
pseudo-moving sum based access rate metric.  It is pseudo-moving sum
because strict moving sum implementation would need to keep all values for
last time window, and that could incur high overhead of there could be
arbitrary number of values in a time window.  Especially in case of the
nr_accesses, since the sampling interval and aggregation interval can
arbitrarily set and the past values should be maintained for every region,
it could be risky.  The pseudo-moving sum assumes there were no temporal
access pattern change in last discrete time window to remove the needs for
keeping the list of the last time window values.  As a result, it beocmes
not strict moving sum implementation, but provides a reasonable accuracy.

Also, it keeps an important property of the moving sum.  That is, the
moving sum becomes same to discrete-window based sum at the time that
aligns to the time window.  This means using the pseudo moving sum based
nr_accesses makes no change to users who shows the value for every
aggregation interval.

Patches Sequence
----------------

The sequence of the patches is as follows.  The first four patches are for
preparation of the change.  The first two (patches 1 and 2) implements a
helper function for nr_accesses update and eliminate corner case that
skips use of the function, respectively.  Following two (patches 3 and 4)
respectively implement the pseudo-moving sum function and its simple unit
test case.

Two patches for making DAMON to use the pseudo-moving sum follow.  The
fifthe one (patch 5) introduces a new field for representing the
pseudo-moving sum-based access rate of each region, and the sixth one
makes the new representation to actually updated with the pseudo-moving
sum function.

Last two patches (patches 7 and 8) makes followup fixes for skipping
unnecessary updates and marking the moving sum function as static,
respectively.


This patch (of 8):

Each DAMON operarions set is updating nr_accesses field of each
damon_region for each of their access check results, from the
check_accesses() callback.  Directly accessing the field could make things
complex to manage and change in future.  Define and use a dedicated
function for the purpose.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230915025251.72816-1-sj@kernel.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230915025251.72816-2-sj@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Brendan Higgins <brendanhiggins@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>