XFS has the unique behavior (as compared to the other Linux filesystems)
that on writeback errors it will completely invalidate the affected
folio and force the page cache to reread the contents from disk.  All
other filesystems leave the page mapped and up to date.

This is a rude awakening for user programs, since (in the case where
write fails but reread doesn't) file contents will appear to revert to
old disk contents with no notification other than an EIO on fsync.  This
might have been annoying back in the days when iomap dealt with one page
at a time, but with multipage folios, we can now throw away *megabytes*
worth of data for a single write error.

On *most* Linux filesystems, a program can respond to an EIO on write by
redirtying the entire file and scheduling it for writeback.  This isn't
foolproof, since the page that failed writeback is no longer dirty and
could be evicted, but programs that want to recover properly *also*
have to detect XFS and regenerate every write they've made to the file.

When running xfs/314 on arm64, I noticed a UAF when xfs_discard_folio
invalidates multipage folios that could be undergoing writeback.  If,
say, we have a 256K folio caching a mix of written and unwritten
extents, it's possible that we could start writeback of the first (say)
64K of the folio and then hit a writeback error on the next 64K.  We
then free the iop attached to the folio, which is really bad because
writeback completion on the first 64k will trip over the "blocks per
folio > 1 && !iop" assertion.

This can't be fixed by only invalidating the folio if writeback fails at
the start of the folio, since the folio is marked !uptodate, which trips
other assertions elsewhere.  Get rid of the whole behavior entirely.
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>