cpupowerutils - cpufrequtils extended with quite some features

CPU power consumption vs performance tuning is no longer
limited to CPU frequency switching anymore: deep sleep states,
traditional dynamic frequency scaling and hidden turbo/boost
frequencies are tied close together and depend on each other.
The first two exist on different architectures like PPC, Itanium and
ARM, the latter (so far) only on X86. On X86 the APU (CPU+GPU) will
only run most efficiently if CPU and GPU has proper power management
in place.

Users and Developers want to have *one* tool to get an overview what
their system supports and to monitor and debug CPU power management
in detail. The tool should compile and work on as many architectures
as possible.

Once this tool stabilizes a bit, it is intended to replace the
Intel-specific tools in tools/power/x86
Signed-off-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>

MAINTAINERS

@@ -1908,6 +1908,12 @@ S:	Maintained
 F:	arch/x86/kernel/cpuid.c
 F:	arch/x86/kernel/msr.c
 
+CPU POWER MONITORING SUBSYSTEM
+M:	Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
+M:	Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
+S:	Maintained
+F:	tools/power/cpupower
+
 CPUSETS
 M:	Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
 W:	http://www.bullopensource.org/cpuset/

tools/power/cpupower/.gitignore

+.libs
+libcpufreq.so
+libcpufreq.so.0
+libcpufreq.so.0.0.0
+build/ccdv
+cpufreq-info
+cpufreq-set
+cpufreq-aperf
+lib/.libs
+lib/cpufreq.lo
+lib/cpufreq.o
+lib/proc.lo
+lib/proc.o
+lib/sysfs.lo
+lib/sysfs.o
+libcpufreq.la
+po/cpufrequtils.pot
+po/*.gmo
+utils/cpufreq-info.o
+utils/cpufreq-set.o
+utils/cpufreq-aperf.o
\ No newline at end of file

tools/power/cpupower/AUTHORS

+Dominik Brodowski
+<linux@brodo.de>
+
+Mattia Dongili
+via Latisana, 8
+00177 Rome
+Italy
+<malattia@gmail.com>
+
+Goran Koruga
+Slovenia
+<korugag@siol.net>
+
+Thomas Renninger
+SUSE Linux GmbH
+Germany
+<trenn@suse.de>
+

tools/power/cpupower/Makefile

+# Makefile for cpupowerutils
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2005,2006 Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
+#
+# Based largely on the Makefile for udev by:
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2003,2004 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+# General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+#
+
+# --- CONFIGURATION BEGIN ---
+
+# Set the following to `true' to make a unstripped, unoptimized
+# binary. Leave this set to `false' for production use.
+DEBUG ?=	true
+
+# make the build silent. Set this to something else to make it noisy again.
+V ?=		false
+
+# Internationalization support (output in different languages).
+# Requires gettext.
+NLS ?=		true
+
+# Set the following to 'true' to build/install the
+# cpufreq-bench benchmarking tool
+CPUFRQ_BENCH ?= true
+
+# Prefix to the directories we're installing to
+DESTDIR ?=	
+
+# --- CONFIGURATION END ---
+
+
+
+# Package-related definitions. Distributions can modify the version
+# and _should_ modify the PACKAGE_BUGREPORT definition
+
+VERSION =			009p1
+LIB_MAJ=			0.0.0
+LIB_MIN=			0
+
+PACKAGE =			cpupowerutils
+PACKAGE_BUGREPORT =		cpufreq@vger.kernel.org
+LANGUAGES = 			de fr it cs pt
+
+
+# Directory definitions. These are default and most probably
+# do not need to be changed. Please note that DESTDIR is
+# added in front of any of them
+
+bindir ?=	/usr/bin
+sbindir ?=	/usr/sbin
+mandir ?=	/usr/man
+includedir ?=	/usr/include
+libdir ?=	/usr/lib
+localedir ?=	/usr/share/locale
+docdir ?=       /usr/share/doc/packages/cpupowerutils
+confdir ?=      /etc/
+
+# Toolchain: what tools do we use, and what options do they need:
+
+CP = cp -fpR
+INSTALL = /usr/bin/install -c
+INSTALL_PROGRAM = ${INSTALL}
+INSTALL_DATA  = ${INSTALL} -m 644
+INSTALL_SCRIPT = ${INSTALL_PROGRAM}
+
+# If you are running a cross compiler, you may want to set this
+# to something more interesting, like "arm-linux-".  If you want
+# to compile vs uClibc, that can be done here as well.
+CROSS = #/usr/i386-linux-uclibc/usr/bin/i386-uclibc-
+CC = $(CROSS)gcc
+LD = $(CROSS)gcc
+AR = $(CROSS)ar
+STRIP = $(CROSS)strip
+RANLIB = $(CROSS)ranlib
+HOSTCC = gcc
+
+
+# Now we set up the build system
+#
+
+# set up PWD so that older versions of make will work with our build.
+PWD = $(shell pwd)
+
+export CROSS CC AR STRIP RANLIB CFLAGS LDFLAGS LIB_OBJS
+
+# check if compiler option is supported
+cc-supports = ${shell if $(CC) ${1} -S -o /dev/null -xc /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1; then echo "$(1)"; fi;}
+
+# use '-Os' optimization if available, else use -O2
+OPTIMIZATION := $(call cc-supports,-Os,-O2)
+
+WARNINGS := -Wall -Wchar-subscripts -Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare
+WARNINGS += $(call cc-supports,-Wno-pointer-sign)
+WARNINGS += $(call cc-supports,-Wdeclaration-after-statement)
+WARNINGS += -Wshadow
+
+CPPFLAGS += -DVERSION=\"$(VERSION)\" -DPACKAGE=\"$(PACKAGE)\" \
+		-DPACKAGE_BUGREPORT=\"$(PACKAGE_BUGREPORT)\" -D_GNU_SOURCE
+
+UTIL_OBJS =  utils/helpers/amd.o utils/helpers/topology.o utils/helpers/msr.o \
+	utils/helpers/sysfs.o utils/helpers/misc.o utils/helpers/cpuid.o \
+	utils/helpers/pci.o utils/helpers/bitmask.o \
+	utils/idle_monitor/nhm_idle.o utils/idle_monitor/snb_idle.o \
+	utils/idle_monitor/amd_fam14h_idle.o utils/idle_monitor/cpuidle_sysfs.o \
+	utils/idle_monitor/mperf_monitor.o utils/idle_monitor/cpupower-monitor.o \
+	utils/cpupower.o utils/cpufreq-info.o utils/cpufreq-set.o \
+	utils/cpupower-set.o utils/cpupower-info.o utils/cpuidle-info.o
+
+UTIL_HEADERS = utils/helpers/helpers.h utils/idle_monitor/cpupower-monitor.h \
+	utils/helpers/bitmask.h \
+	utils/idle_monitor/idle_monitors.h utils/idle_monitor/idle_monitors.def
+
+UTIL_SRC := $(UTIL_OBJS:.o=.c)
+
+LIB_HEADERS = 	lib/cpufreq.h lib/sysfs.h
+LIB_SRC = 	lib/cpufreq.c lib/sysfs.c
+LIB_OBJS = 	lib/cpufreq.o lib/sysfs.o
+
+CFLAGS +=	-pipe
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(NLS)),true)
+	INSTALL_NLS += install-gmo
+	COMPILE_NLS += update-gmo
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(CPUFRQ_BENCH)),true)
+	INSTALL_BENCH += install-bench
+	COMPILE_BENCH += compile-bench
+endif
+
+CFLAGS += $(WARNINGS)
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(V)),false)
+	QUIET=@$(PWD)/build/ccdv
+	HOST_PROGS=build/ccdv
+else
+	QUIET=
+	HOST_PROGS=
+endif
+
+# if DEBUG is enabled, then we do not strip or optimize
+ifeq ($(strip $(DEBUG)),true)
+	CFLAGS += -O1 -g
+	CPPFLAGS += -DDEBUG
+	STRIPCMD = /bin/true -Since_we_are_debugging
+else
+	CFLAGS += $(OPTIMIZATION) -fomit-frame-pointer
+	STRIPCMD = $(STRIP) -s --remove-section=.note --remove-section=.comment
+endif
+
+
+# the actual make rules
+
+all: ccdv libcpufreq cpupower $(COMPILE_NLS) $(COMPILE_BENCH)
+
+ccdv: build/ccdv
+build/ccdv: build/ccdv.c
+	@echo "Building ccdv"
+	@$(HOSTCC) -O1 $< -o $@
+
+lib/%.o: $(LIB_SRC) $(LIB_HEADERS) build/ccdv
+	$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -fPIC -o $@ -c lib/$*.c
+
+libcpufreq.so.$(LIB_MAJ): $(LIB_OBJS)
+	$(QUIET) $(CC) -shared $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ \
+		-Wl,-soname,libcpufreq.so.$(LIB_MIN) $(LIB_OBJS)
+	@ln -sf $@ libcpufreq.so
+	@ln -sf $@ libcpufreq.so.$(LIB_MIN)
+
+libcpufreq: libcpufreq.so.$(LIB_MAJ)
+
+# Let all .o files depend on its .c file and all headers
+# Might be worth to put this into utils/Makefile at some point of time
+$(UTIL_OBJS): $(UTIL_HEADERS)
+
+.c.o:
+	$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -I./lib -I ./utils -o $@ -c $*.c
+
+cpupower: $(UTIL_OBJS) libcpufreq
+	$(QUIET) $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) -lcpufreq -lrt -lpci -L. -o $@ $(UTIL_OBJS)
+	$(STRIPCMD) $@
+
+po/$(PACKAGE).pot: $(UTIL_SRC)
+	@xgettext --default-domain=$(PACKAGE) --add-comments \
+		--keyword=_ --keyword=N_ $(UTIL_SRC) && \
+	test -f $(PACKAGE).po && \
+	mv -f $(PACKAGE).po po/$(PACKAGE).pot
+
+update-gmo: po/$(PACKAGE).pot
+	 @for HLANG in $(LANGUAGES); do \
+		echo -n "Translating $$HLANG "; \
+		if msgmerge po/$$HLANG.po po/$(PACKAGE).pot -o \
+		   po/$$HLANG.new.po; then \
+			mv -f po/$$HLANG.new.po po/$$HLANG.po; \
+		else \
+			echo "msgmerge for $$HLANG failed!"; \
+			rm -f po/$$HLANG.new.po; \
+		fi; \
+		msgfmt --statistics -o po/$$HLANG.gmo po/$$HLANG.po; \
+	done;
+
+compile-bench: libcpufreq.so.$(LIB_MAJ)
+	@V=$(V) confdir=$(confdir) $(MAKE) -C bench
+
+clean:
+	-find . \( -not -type d \) -and \( -name '*~' -o -name '*.[oas]' \) -type f -print \
+	 | xargs rm -f
+	-rm -f $(UTIL_BINS)
+	-rm -f $(IDLE_OBJS)
+	-rm -f cpupower
+	-rm -f libcpufreq.so*
+	-rm -f build/ccdv
+	-rm -rf po/*.gmo po/*.pot
+	$(MAKE) -C bench clean
+
+
+install-lib:
+	$(INSTALL) -d $(DESTDIR)${libdir}
+	$(CP) libcpufreq.so* $(DESTDIR)${libdir}/
+	$(INSTALL) -d $(DESTDIR)${includedir}
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) lib/cpufreq.h $(DESTDIR)${includedir}/cpufreq.h
+
+install-tools:
+	$(INSTALL) -d $(DESTDIR)${bindir}
+	$(INSTALL_PROGRAM) cpupower $(DESTDIR)${bindir}
+
+install-man:
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) -D man/cpupower.1 $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpupower.1
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) -D man/cpupower-frequency-set.1 $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpupower-frequency-set.1
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) -D man/cpupower-frequency-info.1 $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpupower-frequency-info.1
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) -D man/cpupower-set.1 $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpupower-set.1
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) -D man/cpupower-info.1 $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpupower-info.1
+	$(INSTALL_DATA) -D man/cpupower-monitor.1 $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpupower-monitor.1
+
+install-gmo:
+	$(INSTALL) -d $(DESTDIR)${localedir}
+	for HLANG in $(LANGUAGES); do \
+		echo '$(INSTALL_DATA) -D po/$$HLANG.gmo $(DESTDIR)${localedir}/$$HLANG/LC_MESSAGES/cpupowerutils.mo'; \
+		$(INSTALL_DATA) -D po/$$HLANG.gmo $(DESTDIR)${localedir}/$$HLANG/LC_MESSAGES/cpupowerutils.mo; \
+	done;
+
+install-bench:
+	@#DESTDIR must be set from outside to survive
+	@sbindir=$(sbindir) bindir=$(bindir) docdir=$(docdir) confdir=$(confdir) $(MAKE) -C bench install
+       
+install: all install-lib install-tools install-man $(INSTALL_NLS) $(INSTALL_BENCH)
+
+uninstall:
+	- rm -f $(DESTDIR)${libdir}/libcpufreq.*
+	- rm -f $(DESTDIR)${includedir}/cpufreq.h
+	- rm -f $(DESTDIR)${bindir}/utils/cpupower
+	- rm -f $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpufreq-set.1
+	- rm -f $(DESTDIR)${mandir}/man1/cpufreq-info.1
+	- for HLANG in $(LANGUAGES); do \
+		rm -f $(DESTDIR)${localedir}/$$HLANG/LC_MESSAGES/cpupowerutils.mo; \
+	  done;
+
+.PHONY: all utils libcpufreq ccdv update-po update-gmo install-lib install-tools install-man install-gmo install uninstall \
+	clean 

tools/power/cpupower/README

+The cpufrequtils package (homepage: 
+http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/cpufreq/cpufrequtils.html ) 
+consists of the following elements:
+
+requirements
+------------
+
+On x86 pciutils is needed at runtime (-lpci).
+For compilation pciutils-devel (pci/pci.h) and a gcc version
+providing cpuid.h is needed.
+For both it's not explicitly checked for (yet).
+
+
+libcpufreq
+----------
+
+"libcpufreq" is a library which offers a unified access method for userspace
+tools and programs to the cpufreq core and drivers in the Linux kernel. This
+allows for code reduction in userspace tools, a clean implementation of
+the interaction to the cpufreq core, and support for both the sysfs and proc
+interfaces [depending on configuration, see below].
+
+
+compilation and installation
+----------------------------
+
+make
+su
+make install
+
+should suffice on most systems. It builds default libcpufreq,
+cpufreq-set and cpufreq-info files and installs them in /usr/lib and
+/usr/bin, respectively. If you want to set up the paths differently and/or
+want to configure the package to your specific needs, you need to open
+"Makefile" with an editor of your choice and edit the block marked
+CONFIGURATION.
+
+
+THANKS
+------
+Many thanks to Mattia Dongili who wrote the autotoolization and
+libtoolization, the manpages and the italian language file for cpufrequtils;
+to Dave Jones for his feedback and his dump_psb tool; to Bruno Ducrot for his
+powernow-k8-decode and intel_gsic tools as well as the french language file;
+and to various others commenting on the previous (pre-)releases of 
+cpufrequtils.
+
+
+        Dominik Brodowski

tools/power/cpupower/ToDo

+ToDos sorted by priority:
+
+- Use bitmask functions to parse CPU topology more robust
+  (current implementation has issues on AMD)
+- Try to read out boost states and frequencies on Intel
+- Adjust README
+- Somewhere saw the ability to read power consumption of
+  RAM from HW on Intel SandyBridge -> another monitor?
+- Add another c1e debug idle monitor
+  -> Is by design racy with BIOS, but could be added
+     with a --force option and some "be careful" messages

tools/power/cpupower/bench/Makefile

+LIBS = -L../ -lm -lcpufreq
+
+OBJS = main.o parse.o system.o benchmark.o
+CFLAGS += -D_GNU_SOURCE -I../lib -DDEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE=\"$(confdir)/cpufreq-bench.conf\"
+
+ifeq ($(strip $(V)),false)
+	CC=@../build/ccdv gcc
+else
+	CC=gcc
+endif
+
+cpufreq-bench: $(OBJS)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(CFLAGS) $(OBJS) $(LIBS)
+
+all: cpufreq-bench
+
+install:
+	mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/$(sbindir)
+	mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)
+	mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/$(docdir)
+	mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/$(confdir)
+	install -m 755 cpufreq-bench $(DESTDIR)/$(sbindir)/cpufreq-bench
+	install -m 755 cpufreq-bench_plot.sh $(DESTDIR)/$(bindir)/cpufreq-bench_plot.sh
+	install -m 644 README-BENCH $(DESTDIR)/$(docdir)/README-BENCH
+	install -m 755 cpufreq-bench_script.sh $(DESTDIR)/$(docdir)/cpufreq-bench_script.sh
+	install -m 644 example.cfg $(DESTDIR)/$(confdir)/cpufreq-bench.conf
+
+clean:
+	rm -f *.o
+	rm -f cpufreq-bench

tools/power/cpupower/bench/README-BENCH

+This is cpufreq-bench, a microbenchmark for the cpufreq framework.
+
+Purpose
+=======
+
+What is this benchmark for:
+  - Identify worst case performance loss when doing dynamic frequency
+    scaling using Linux kernel governors
+  - Identify average reaction time of a governor to CPU load changes
+  - (Stress) Testing whether a cpufreq low level driver or governor works
+    as expected
+  - Identify cpufreq related performance regressions between kernels
+  - Possibly Real time priority testing? -> what happens if there are
+    processes with a higher prio than the governor's kernel thread
+  - ...
+
+What this benchmark does *not* cover:
+  - Power saving related regressions (In fact as better the performance
+    throughput is, the worse the power savings will be, but the first should
+    mostly count more...)
+  - Real world (workloads)
+
+
+Description
+===========
+
+cpufreq-bench helps to test the condition of a given cpufreq governor.
+For that purpose, it compares the performance governor to a configured
+powersave module.
+
+
+How it works
+============
+You can specify load (100% CPU load) and sleep (0% CPU load) times in us which
+will be run X time in a row (cycles):
+
+         sleep=25000
+         load=25000
+         cycles=20
+
+This part of the configuration file will create 25ms load/sleep turns,
+repeated 20 times.
+
+Adding this:
+         sleep_step=25000
+         load_step=25000
+         rounds=5
+Will increase load and sleep time by 25ms 5 times.
+Together you get following test:
+25ms  load/sleep time repeated 20 times (cycles).
+50ms  load/sleep time repeated 20 times (cycles).
+..
+100ms load/sleep time repeated 20 times (cycles).
+
+First it is calibrated how long a specific CPU intensive calculation
+takes on this machine and needs to be run in a loop using the performance
+governor.
+Then the above test runs are processed using the performance governor
+and the governor to test. The time the calculation really needed
+with the dynamic freq scaling governor is compared with the time needed
+on full performance and you get the overall performance loss.
+
+
+Example of expected results with ondemand governor:
+
+This shows expected results of the first two test run rounds from
+above config, you there have:
+
+100% CPU load (load) | 0 % CPU load (sleep)  | round
+   25 ms             |    25 ms              |   1
+   50 ms             |    50 ms              |   2
+
+For example if ondemand governor is configured to have a 50ms
+sampling rate you get:
+
+In round 1, ondemand should have rather static 50% load and probably
+won't ever switch up (as long as up_threshold is above).
+
+In round 2, if the ondemand sampling times exactly match the load/sleep
+trigger of the cpufreq-bench, you will see no performance loss (compare with
+below possible ondemand sample kick ins (1)):
+
+But if ondemand always kicks in in the middle of the load sleep cycles, it
+will always see 50% loads and you get worst performance impact never
+switching up (compare with below possible ondemand sample kick ins (2))::
+
+      50     50   50   50ms ->time
+load -----|     |-----|     |-----|     |-----|
+          |     |     |     |     |     |     |
+sleep     |-----|     |-----|     |-----|     |----
+    |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|----  ondemand sampling (1)
+         100    0    100    0    100    0    100     load seen by ondemand(%)
+       |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|--   ondemand sampling (2)
+      50     50    50    50    50    50    50        load seen by ondemand(%)
+
+You can easily test all kind of load/sleep times and check whether your
+governor in average behaves as expected.
+
+
+ToDo
+====
+
+Provide a gnuplot utility script for easy generation of plots to present
+the outcome nicely.
+
+
+cpufreq-bench Command Usage
+===========================
+-l, --load=<long int>           initial load time in us
+-s, --sleep=<long int>          initial sleep time in us
+-x, --load-step=<long int>      time to be added to load time, in us
+-y, --sleep-step=<long int>     time to be added to sleep time, in us
+-c, --cpu=<unsigned int>        CPU Number to use, starting at 0
+-p, --prio=<priority>           scheduler priority, HIGH, LOW or DEFAULT
+-g, --governor=<governor>       cpufreq governor to test
+-n, --cycles=<int>              load/sleep cycles to get an avarage value to compare
+-r, --rounds<int>               load/sleep rounds
+-f, --file=<configfile>         config file to use
+-o, --output=<dir>              output dir, must exist
+-v, --verbose                   verbose output on/off
+
+Due to the high priority, the application may not be responsible for some time.
+After the benchmark, the logfile is saved in OUTPUTDIR/benchmark_TIMESTAMP.log
+

tools/power/cpupower/bench/benchmark.c

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "benchmark.h"
+
+/* Print out progress if we log into a file */
+#define show_progress(total_time, progress_time)	\
+if (config->output != stdout) {				\
+	fprintf(stdout, "Progress: %02lu %%\r",		\
+		(progress_time * 100) / total_time);	\
+	fflush(stdout);					\
+}
+
+/**
+ * compute how many rounds of calculation we should do
+ * to get the given load time
+ *
+ * @param load aimed load time in s
+ *
+ * @retval rounds of calculation
+ **/
+
+unsigned int calculate_timespace(long load, struct config *config)
+{
+	int i;
+	long long now, then;
+	unsigned int estimated = GAUGECOUNT;
+	unsigned int rounds = 0;
+	unsigned int timed = 0;
+
+	if (config->verbose)
+		printf("calibrating load of %lius, please wait...\n", load);
+
+	/* get the initial calculation time for a specific number of rounds */
+	now = get_time();
+	ROUNDS(estimated);
+	then = get_time();
+
+	timed = (unsigned int)(then - now);
+
+	/* approximation of the wanted load time by comparing with the
+	 * initial calculation time */ 
+	for (i= 0; i < 4; i++)
+	{
+		rounds = (unsigned int)(load * estimated / timed);
+		dprintf("calibrating with %u rounds\n", rounds);
+		now = get_time();
+		ROUNDS(rounds);
+		then = get_time();
+
+		timed = (unsigned int)(then - now);
+		estimated = rounds;
+	}
+	if (config->verbose)
+		printf("calibration done\n");
+
+	return estimated;
+}
+
+/**
+ * benchmark
+ * generates a specific sleep an load time with the performance
+ * governor and compares the used time for same calculations done
+ * with the configured powersave governor
+ *
+ * @param config config values for the benchmark
+ *
+ **/
+
+void start_benchmark(struct config *config)
+{
+	unsigned int _round, cycle;
+	long long now, then;
+	long sleep_time = 0, load_time = 0;
+	long performance_time = 0, powersave_time = 0;
+	unsigned int calculations;
+	unsigned long total_time = 0, progress_time = 0;
+
+	sleep_time = config->sleep;
+	load_time = config->load;
+
+	/* For the progress bar */
+	for (_round=1; _round <= config->rounds; _round++)
+		total_time += _round * (config->sleep + config->load);
+	total_time *= 2; /* powersave and performance cycles */
+
+	for (_round=0; _round < config->rounds; _round++) {
+		performance_time = 0LL;
+		powersave_time = 0LL;
+
+		show_progress(total_time, progress_time);
+
+		/* set the cpufreq governor to "performance" which disables
+		 * P-State switching. */
+		if (set_cpufreq_governor("performance", config->cpu) != 0)
+			return;
+
+		/* calibrate the calculation time. the resulting calculation
+		 * _rounds should produce a load which matches the configured
+		 * load time */
+		calculations = calculate_timespace(load_time, config);
+
+		if (config->verbose)
+			printf("_round %i: doing %u cycles with %u calculations"
+			       " for %lius\n", _round + 1, config->cycles,
+			       calculations, load_time);
+
+		fprintf(config->output, "%u %li %li ",
+			_round, load_time, sleep_time);
+
+		if (config->verbose) {
+			printf("avarage: %lius, rps:%li\n", load_time / calculations, 1000000 * calculations / load_time);
+		}
+
+		/* do some sleep/load cycles with the performance governor */
+		for (cycle = 0; cycle < config->cycles; cycle++) {
+			now = get_time();
+			usleep(sleep_time);
+			ROUNDS(calculations);
+			then = get_time();
+			performance_time += then - now - sleep_time;
+			if (config->verbose)
+				printf("performance cycle took %lius, sleep: %lius, load: %lius, rounds: %u\n",
+					(long)(then - now), sleep_time, load_time, calculations);
+		}
+		fprintf(config->output, "%li ", performance_time / config->cycles);
+
+		progress_time += sleep_time + load_time;
+		show_progress(total_time, progress_time);
+
+		/* set the powersave governor which activates P-State switching
+		 * again */
+		if (set_cpufreq_governor(config->governor, config->cpu) != 0)
+			return;
+
+		/* again, do some sleep/load cycles with the powersave governor */
+		for (cycle = 0; cycle < config->cycles; cycle++) {
+			now = get_time();
+			usleep(sleep_time);
+			ROUNDS(calculations);
+			then = get_time();
+			powersave_time += then - now - sleep_time;
+			if (config->verbose)
+				printf("powersave cycle took %lius, sleep: %lius, load: %lius, rounds: %u\n",
+					(long)(then - now), sleep_time, load_time, calculations);
+		}
+
+		progress_time += sleep_time + load_time;
+
+		/* compare the avarage sleep/load cycles  */
+		fprintf(config->output, "%li ", powersave_time / config->cycles);
+		fprintf(config->output, "%.3f\n", performance_time * 100.0 / powersave_time);
+		fflush(config->output);
+
+		if (config->verbose)
+			printf("performance is at %.2f%%\n", performance_time * 100.0 / powersave_time);
+
+		sleep_time += config->sleep_step;
+		load_time += config->load_step;
+	}
+}
+

tools/power/cpupower/bench/benchmark.h

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+/* load loop, this schould take about 1 to 2ms to complete */
+#define ROUNDS(x) {unsigned int rcnt;			       \
+		for (rcnt = 0; rcnt< x*1000; rcnt++) { \
+			(void)(((int)(pow(rcnt, rcnt) * sqrt(rcnt*7230970)) ^ 7230716) ^ (int)atan2(rcnt, rcnt)); \
+		}}							\
+
+
+void start_benchmark(struct config *config);

tools/power/cpupower/bench/config.h

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+/* initial loop count for the load calibration */
+#define GAUGECOUNT	1500
+
+/* default scheduling policy SCHED_OTHER */
+#define SCHEDULER	SCHED_OTHER
+
+#define PRIORITY_DEFAULT 0
+#define PRIORITY_HIGH	 sched_get_priority_max(SCHEDULER)
+#define PRIORITY_LOW	 sched_get_priority_min(SCHEDULER)
+
+/* enable further debug messages */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define dprintf printf
+#else
+#define dprintf( ... ) while(0) { }
+#endif
+

tools/power/cpupower/bench/cpufreq-bench_plot.sh

+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301, USA.
+
+# Author/Copyright(c): 2009, Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>, Novell Inc.
+
+# Helper script to easily create nice plots of your cpufreq-bench results
+
+dir=`mktemp -d`
+output_file="cpufreq-bench.png"
+global_title="cpufreq-bench plot"
+picture_type="jpeg"
+file[0]=""
+
+function usage()
+{
+    echo "cpufreq-bench_plot.sh [OPTIONS] logfile [measure_title] [logfile [measure_title]] ...]"
+    echo
+    echo "Options"
+    echo "   -o output_file"
+    echo "   -t global_title"
+    echo "   -p picture_type [jpeg|gif|png|postscript|...]"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+if [ $# -eq 0 ];then
+	echo "No benchmark results file provided"
+	echo
+	usage
+fi
+
+while getopts o:t:p: name ; do
+    case $name in
+	o)
+	    output_file="$OPTARG".$picture_type
+	    ;;
+	t)
+	    global_title="$OPTARG"
+	    ;;
+	p)
+	    picture_type="$OPTARG"
+	    ;;
+        ?)
+	    usage
+	    ;;
+    esac
+done
+shift $(($OPTIND -1))
+
+plots=0
+while [ "$1" ];do
+    if [ ! -f "$1" ];then
+	echo "File $1 does not exist"
+	usage
+    fi
+    file[$plots]="$1"
+    title[$plots]="$2"
+    # echo "File: ${file[$plots]} - ${title[plots]}"
+    shift;shift
+    plots=$((plots + 1))
+done
+
+echo "set terminal $picture_type"	>> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+echo "set output \"$output_file\""	>> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+echo "set title \"$global_title\""	>> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+echo "set xlabel \"sleep/load time\""	>> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+echo "set ylabel \"Performance (%)\""	>> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+
+for((plot=0;plot<$plots;plot++));do
+
+    # Sanity check
+    ###### I am to dump to get this redirected to stderr/stdout in one awk call... #####
+    cat ${file[$plot]} |grep -v "^#" |awk '{if ($2 != $3) printf("Error in measure %d:Load time %s does not equal sleep time %s, plot will not be correct\n", $1, $2, $3); ERR=1}'
+    ###### I am to dump to get this redirected in one awk call... #####
+
+    # Parse out load time (which must be equal to sleep time for a plot), divide it by 1000
+    # to get ms and parse out the performance in percentage and write it to a temp file for plotting
+    cat ${file[$plot]} |grep -v "^#" |awk '{printf "%lu %.1f\n",$2/1000, $6}' >$dir/data_$plot
+
+    if [ $plot -eq 0 ];then
+	echo -n "plot " >> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+    fi
+    echo -n "\"$dir/data_$plot\" title \"${title[$plot]}\" with lines" >> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+    if [ $(($plot + 1)) -ne $plots ];then
+	echo -n ", " >> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+    fi
+done
+echo >> $dir/plot_script.gpl
+
+gnuplot $dir/plot_script.gpl
+rm -r $dir
\ No newline at end of file

tools/power/cpupower/bench/cpufreq-bench_script.sh

+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
+# any later version.
+
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+# 02110-1301, USA.
+
+# Author/Copyright(c): 2009, Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>, Novell Inc.
+
+# Ondemand up_threshold and sampling rate test script for cpufreq-bench
+# mircobenchmark.
+# Modify the general variables at the top or extend or copy out parts
+# if you want to test other things
+#
+
+# Default with latest kernels is 95, before micro account patches
+# it was 80, cmp. with git commit 808009131046b62ac434dbc796
+UP_THRESHOLD="60 80 95"
+# Depending on the kernel and the HW sampling rate could be restricted
+# and cannot be set that low...
+# E.g. before git commit cef9615a853ebc4972084f7 one could only set
+# min sampling rate of 80000 if CONFIG_HZ=250
+SAMPLING_RATE="20000 80000"
+
+function measure()
+{
+    local -i up_threshold_set
+    local -i sampling_rate_set
+
+    for up_threshold in $UP_THRESHOLD;do
+	for sampling_rate in $SAMPLING_RATE;do
+	    # Set values in sysfs
+	    echo $up_threshold >/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ondemand/up_threshold
+	    echo $sampling_rate >/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ondemand/sampling_rate
+	    up_threshold_set=$(cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ondemand/up_threshold)
+	    sampling_rate_set=$(cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ondemand/sampling_rate)
+
+	    # Verify set values in sysfs
+	    if [ ${up_threshold_set} -eq ${up_threshold} ];then
+		echo "up_threshold: $up_threshold, set in sysfs: ${up_threshold_set}"
+	    else
+		echo "WARNING: Tried to set up_threshold: $up_threshold, set in sysfs: ${up_threshold_set}"
+	    fi
+	    if [ ${sampling_rate_set} -eq ${sampling_rate} ];then
+		echo "sampling_rate: $sampling_rate, set in sysfs: ${sampling_rate_set}"
+	    else
+		echo "WARNING: Tried to set sampling_rate: $sampling_rate, set in sysfs: ${sampling_rate_set}"
+	    fi
+
+	    # Benchmark
+	    cpufreq-bench -o /var/log/cpufreq-bench/up_threshold_${up_threshold}_sampling_rate_${sampling_rate}
+	done
+    done
+}
+
+function create_plots()
+{
+    local command
+
+    for up_threshold in $UP_THRESHOLD;do
+	command="cpufreq-bench_plot.sh -o \"sampling_rate_${SAMPLING_RATE}_up_threshold_${up_threshold}\" -t \"Ondemand sampling_rate: ${SAMPLING_RATE} comparison - Up_threshold: $up_threshold %\""
+	for sampling_rate in $SAMPLING_RATE;do
+	    command="${command} /var/log/cpufreq-bench/up_threshold_${up_threshold}_sampling_rate_${sampling_rate}/* \"sampling_rate = $sampling_rate\""
+	done
+	echo $command
+	eval "$command"
+	echo
+    done
+
+    for sampling_rate in $SAMPLING_RATE;do
+	command="cpufreq-bench_plot.sh -o \"up_threshold_${UP_THRESHOLD}_sampling_rate_${sampling_rate}\" -t \"Ondemand up_threshold: ${UP_THRESHOLD} % comparison - sampling_rate: $sampling_rate\""
+	for up_threshold in $UP_THRESHOLD;do
+	    command="${command} /var/log/cpufreq-bench/up_threshold_${up_threshold}_sampling_rate_${sampling_rate}/* \"up_threshold = $up_threshold\""
+	done
+	echo $command
+	eval "$command"
+	echo
+    done
+
+    command="cpufreq-bench_plot.sh -o \"up_threshold_${UP_THRESHOLD}_sampling_rate_${SAMPLING_RATE}\" -t \"Ondemand up_threshold: ${UP_THRESHOLD} and sampling_rate ${SAMPLING_RATE} comparison\""
+    for sampling_rate in $SAMPLING_RATE;do
+	for up_threshold in $UP_THRESHOLD;do
+	    command="${command} /var/log/cpufreq-bench/up_threshold_${up_threshold}_sampling_rate_${sampling_rate}/* \"up_threshold = $up_threshold - sampling_rate = $sampling_rate\""
+	done
+    done
+    echo "$command"
+    eval "$command"
+}
+
+measure
+create_plots
\ No newline at end of file

tools/power/cpupower/bench/example.cfg

+sleep = 50000
+load = 50000
+cpu = 0
+priority = LOW
+output = /var/log/cpufreq-bench
+sleep_step = 50000
+load_step = 50000
+cycles = 20
+rounds = 40
+verbose = 0
+governor = ondemand

tools/power/cpupower/bench/main.c

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "benchmark.h"
+
+static struct option long_options[] =
+{
+	{"output",	1,	0,	'o'},
+	{"sleep",	1,	0,	's'},
+	{"load",	1,	0,	'l'},
+	{"verbose",	0,	0,	'v'},
+	{"cpu",		1,	0,	'c'},
+	{"governor",	1,	0,	'g'},
+	{"prio",	1,	0,	'p'},
+	{"file",	1,	0,	'f'},
+	{"cycles",	1,	0,	'n'},
+	{"rounds",	1,	0,	'r'},
+	{"load-step",	1,	0,	'x'},
+	{"sleep-step",	1,	0,	'y'},
+	{"help",	0,	0,	'h'},
+	{0, 0, 0, 0}
+};
+
+/*******************************************************************
+ usage
+*******************************************************************/
+
+void usage() 
+{
+	printf("usage: ./bench\n");
+	printf("Options:\n");
+	printf(" -l, --load=<long int>\t\tinitial load time in us\n");
+	printf(" -s, --sleep=<long int>\t\tinitial sleep time in us\n");
+	printf(" -x, --load-step=<long int>\ttime to be added to load time, in us\n");
+	printf(" -y, --sleep-step=<long int>\ttime to be added to sleep time, in us\n");
+	printf(" -c, --cpu=<cpu #>\t\t\tCPU Nr. to use, starting at 0\n");
+	printf(" -p, --prio=<priority>\t\t\tscheduler priority, HIGH, LOW or DEFAULT\n");
+	printf(" -g, --governor=<governor>\t\tcpufreq governor to test\n");
+	printf(" -n, --cycles=<int>\t\t\tload/sleep cycles\n");
+	printf(" -r, --rounds<int>\t\t\tload/sleep rounds\n");
+	printf(" -f, --file=<configfile>\t\tconfig file to use\n");
+	printf(" -o, --output=<dir>\t\t\toutput path. Filename will be OUTPUTPATH/benchmark_TIMESTAMP.log\n");
+	printf(" -v, --verbose\t\t\t\tverbose output on/off\n");
+	printf(" -h, --help\t\t\t\tPrint this help screen\n");
+	exit (1);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************
+ main
+*******************************************************************/
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int c;
+	int option_index = 0;
+	struct config *config = NULL;
+
+	config = prepare_default_config();
+
+	if (config == NULL)
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+	while (1) {
+		c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "hg:o:s:l:vc:p:f:n:r:x:y:",
+				long_options, &option_index);
+		if (c == -1)
+			break;
+
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'o':
+			if (config->output != NULL)
+				fclose(config->output);
+
+			config->output = prepare_output(optarg);
+
+			if (config->output == NULL)
+				return EXIT_FAILURE;
+
+			dprintf("user output path -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			sscanf(optarg, "%li", &config->sleep);
+			dprintf("user sleep time -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'l':
+			sscanf(optarg, "%li", &config->load);
+			dprintf("user load time -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'c':
+			sscanf(optarg, "%u", &config->cpu);
+			dprintf("user cpu -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'g':
+			strncpy(config->governor, optarg, 14);
+			dprintf("user governor -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'p':
+			if (string_to_prio(optarg) != SCHED_ERR) {
+				config->prio = string_to_prio(optarg);
+				dprintf("user prio -> %s\n", optarg);
+			} else {
+				if (config != NULL) {
+					if (config->output != NULL)
+						fclose(config->output);
+					free(config);
+				}
+				usage();
+			}
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			sscanf(optarg, "%u", &config->cycles);
+			dprintf("user cycles -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			sscanf(optarg, "%u", &config->rounds);
+			dprintf("user rounds -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'x':
+			sscanf(optarg, "%li", &config->load_step);
+			dprintf("user load_step -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'y':
+			sscanf(optarg, "%li", &config->sleep_step);
+			dprintf("user sleep_step -> %s\n", optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'f':
+			if (prepare_config(optarg, config))
+				return EXIT_FAILURE;
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			config->verbose = 1;
+			dprintf("verbose output enabled\n");
+			break;
+		case 'h':
+		case '?':
+		default:
+			if (config != NULL) {
+				if (config->output != NULL)
+					fclose(config->output);
+				free(config);
+			}
+			usage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (config->verbose) {
+		printf("starting benchmark with parameters:\n");
+		printf("config:\n\t"
+		       "sleep=%li\n\t"
+		       "load=%li\n\t"
+		       "sleep_step=%li\n\t"
+		       "load_step=%li\n\t"
+		       "cpu=%u\n\t"
+		       "cycles=%u\n\t"
+		       "rounds=%u\n\t"
+		       "governor=%s\n\n",
+		       config->sleep,
+		       config->load,
+		       config->sleep_step,
+		       config->load_step,
+		       config->cpu,
+		       config->cycles,
+		       config->rounds,
+		       config->governor);
+	}
+
+	prepare_user(config);
+	prepare_system(config);
+	start_benchmark(config);
+
+	if (config->output != stdout)
+		fclose(config->output);
+
+	free(config);
+
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+

tools/power/cpupower/bench/parse.c

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "parse.h"
+#include "config.h"
+
+/**
+ * converts priority string to priority
+ *
+ * @param str string that represents a scheduler priority
+ *
+ * @retval priority
+ * @retval SCHED_ERR when the priority doesn't exit
+ **/
+
+enum sched_prio string_to_prio(const char *str)
+{
+	if (strncasecmp("high", str, strlen(str)) == 0)
+		return  SCHED_HIGH;
+	else if (strncasecmp("default", str, strlen(str)) == 0)
+		return SCHED_DEFAULT;
+	else if (strncasecmp("low", str, strlen(str)) == 0)
+		return SCHED_LOW;
+	else
+		return SCHED_ERR;
+}
+
+/**
+ * create and open logfile
+ *
+ * @param dir directory in which the logfile should be created
+ *
+ * @retval logfile on success
+ * @retval NULL when the file can't be created
+ **/
+
+FILE *prepare_output(const char *dirname)
+{
+	FILE *output = NULL;
+	int len;
+	char *filename;
+	struct utsname sysdata;
+	DIR *dir;
+
+	dir = opendir(dirname);
+	if (dir == NULL) {
+		if (mkdir(dirname, 0755)) {
+			perror("mkdir");
+			fprintf(stderr, "error: Cannot create dir %s\n",
+				dirname);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	len = strlen(dirname) + 30;
+	filename = malloc(sizeof(char) * len);
+
+	if (uname(&sysdata) == 0) {
+		len += strlen(sysdata.nodename) + strlen(sysdata.release);
+		filename = realloc(filename, sizeof(char) * len);
+
+		if(filename == NULL) {
+			perror("realloc");
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		snprintf(filename, len - 1, "%s/benchmark_%s_%s_%li.log", 
+			dirname, sysdata.nodename, sysdata.release, time(NULL));
+	} else {
+		snprintf(filename, len -1, "%s/benchmark_%li.log", dirname, time(NULL));
+	}
+
+	dprintf("logilename: %s\n", filename);
+
+	if ((output = fopen(filename, "w+")) == NULL) {
+		perror("fopen");
+		fprintf(stderr, "error: unable to open logfile\n");
+	}
+
+	fprintf(stdout, "Logfile: %s\n", filename);
+
+	free(filename);
+	fprintf(output, "#round load sleep performance powersave percentage\n");
+	return output;
+}
+
+/**
+ * returns the default config
+ *
+ * @retval default config on success
+ * @retval NULL when the output file can't be created
+ **/
+
+struct config *prepare_default_config()
+{
+	struct config *config = malloc(sizeof(struct config));
+
+	dprintf("loading defaults\n");
+
+	config->sleep = 500000;
+	config->load = 500000;
+	config->sleep_step = 500000;
+	config->load_step = 500000;
+	config->cycles = 5;
+	config->rounds = 50;
+	config->cpu = 0;	
+	config->prio = SCHED_HIGH;
+	config->verbose = 0;
+	strncpy(config->governor, "ondemand", 8);
+
+	config->output = stdout;
+
+#ifdef DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE
+	if (prepare_config(DEFAULT_CONFIG_FILE, config))
+		return NULL;
+#endif
+	return config;
+}
+
+/**
+ * parses config file and returns the config to the caller
+ *
+ * @param path config file name
+ *
+ * @retval 1 on error
+ * @retval 0 on success
+ **/
+
+int prepare_config(const char *path, struct config *config)
+{
+	size_t len = 0;
+	char *opt, *val, *line = NULL;
+	FILE *configfile = fopen(path, "r");
+
+	if (config == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "error: config is NULL\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	if (configfile == NULL) {
+		perror("fopen");
+                fprintf(stderr, "error: unable to read configfile\n");
+		free(config);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	while (getline(&line, &len, configfile) != -1)
+	{
+		if (line[0] == '#' || line[0] == ' ')
+			continue;
+
+		sscanf(line, "%as = %as", &opt, &val);
+
+		dprintf("parsing: %s -> %s\n", opt, val);
+
+		if (strncmp("sleep", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0)
+			sscanf(val, "%li", &config->sleep);
+
+		else if (strncmp("load", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			sscanf(val, "%li", &config->load);
+
+		else if (strncmp("load_step", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			sscanf(val, "%li", &config->load_step);
+
+		else if (strncmp("sleep_step", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			sscanf(val, "%li", &config->sleep_step);
+
+		else if (strncmp("cycles", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			sscanf(val, "%u", &config->cycles);
+
+		else if (strncmp("rounds", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			sscanf(val, "%u", &config->rounds);
+
+		else if (strncmp("verbose", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			sscanf(val, "%u", &config->verbose);
+
+		else if (strncmp("output", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			config->output = prepare_output(val); 
+
+		else if (strncmp("cpu", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) 
+			sscanf(val, "%u", &config->cpu);
+
+		else if (strncmp("governor", opt, 14) == 0) 
+			strncpy(config->governor, val, 14);
+
+		else if (strncmp("priority", opt, strlen(opt)) == 0) {
+			if (string_to_prio(val) != SCHED_ERR) 
+				config->prio = string_to_prio(val);
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(line);
+	free(opt);
+	free(val);
+
+	return 0;
+}

tools/power/cpupower/bench/parse.h

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+/* struct that holds the required config parameters */
+struct config
+{
+	long sleep;		/* sleep time in µs */
+	long load;		/* load time in µs */
+	long sleep_step;	/* time value which changes the
+				 * sleep time after every round in µs */
+	long load_step;		/* time value which changes the
+				 * load time after every round in µs */
+	unsigned int cycles;	/* calculation cycles with the same sleep/load time */
+	unsigned int rounds;	/* calculation rounds with iterated sleep/load time */
+	unsigned int cpu;	/* cpu for which the affinity is set */
+	char governor[15];	/* cpufreq governor */
+	enum sched_prio		/* possible scheduler priorities */
+	{
+		SCHED_ERR=-1,SCHED_HIGH, SCHED_DEFAULT, SCHED_LOW
+	} prio;
+
+	unsigned int verbose;	/* verbose output */
+	FILE *output;		/* logfile */
+	char *output_filename;	/* logfile name, must be freed at the end
+				   if output != NULL and output != stdout*/
+};
+
+enum sched_prio string_to_prio(const char *str);
+
+FILE *prepare_output(const char *dir);
+
+int prepare_config(const char *path, struct config *config);
+struct config *prepare_default_config();
+

tools/power/cpupower/bench/system.c

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <sched.h>
+
+#include <cpufreq.h>
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+
+/**
+ * returns time since epoch in s
+ *
+ * @retval time
+ **/
+
+long long int get_time()
+{
+	struct timeval now;
+
+	gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+
+	return (long long int)(now.tv_sec * 1000000LL + now.tv_usec);
+}
+
+/**
+ * sets the cpufreq governor
+ *
+ * @param governor cpufreq governor name
+ * @param cpu cpu for which the governor should be set
+ *
+ * @retval 0 on success
+ * @retval -1 when failed
+ **/
+
+int set_cpufreq_governor(char *governor, unsigned int cpu)
+{
+
+	dprintf("set %s as cpufreq governor\n", governor);
+
+	if (cpufreq_cpu_exists(cpu) != 0) {
+		perror("cpufreq_cpu_exists");
+		fprintf(stderr, "error: cpu %u does not exist\n", cpu);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (cpufreq_modify_policy_governor(cpu, governor) != 0) {
+		perror("cpufreq_modify_policy_governor");
+		fprintf(stderr, "error: unable to set %s governor\n", governor);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sets cpu affinity for the process
+ *
+ * @param cpu cpu# to which the affinity should be set
+ *
+ * @retval 0 on success
+ * @retval -1 when setting the affinity failed
+ **/
+
+int set_cpu_affinity(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	cpu_set_t cpuset;
+	
+	CPU_ZERO(&cpuset);
+	CPU_SET(cpu, &cpuset);
+
+	dprintf("set affinity to cpu #%u\n", cpu);
+
+	if (sched_setaffinity(getpid(), sizeof(cpu_set_t), &cpuset) < 0) {
+		perror("sched_setaffinity");
+		fprintf(stderr, "warning: unable to set cpu affinity\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sets the process priority parameter
+ *
+ * @param priority priority value
+ *
+ * @retval 0 on success
+ * @retval -1 when setting the priority failed
+ **/
+
+int set_process_priority(int priority)
+{
+	struct sched_param param;
+
+	dprintf("set scheduler priority to %i\n", priority);
+
+	param.sched_priority = priority;
+
+	if (sched_setscheduler(0, SCHEDULER, &param) < 0) {
+		perror("sched_setscheduler");
+		fprintf(stderr, "warning: unable to set scheduler priority\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * notifys the user that the benchmark may run some time 
+ *
+ * @param config benchmark config values
+ *
+ **/
+
+void prepare_user(const struct config *config)
+{
+	unsigned long sleep_time = 0;
+	unsigned long load_time = 0;
+	unsigned int round;
+
+	for (round = 0; round < config->rounds; round++) {
+		sleep_time +=  2 * config->cycles * (config->sleep + config->sleep_step * round);
+		load_time += 2 * config->cycles * (config->load + config->load_step * round) + (config->load + config->load_step * round * 4);
+	}
+
+	if (config->verbose || config->output != stdout)
+		printf("approx. test duration: %im\n",
+		       (int)((sleep_time + load_time) / 60000000));
+}
+
+/**
+ * sets up the cpu affinity and scheduler priority
+ *
+ * @param config benchmark config values
+ *
+ **/
+
+void prepare_system(const struct config *config)
+{
+	if (config->verbose)
+		printf("set cpu affinity to cpu #%u\n", config->cpu);
+
+	set_cpu_affinity(config->cpu);
+
+	switch (config->prio) {
+	case SCHED_HIGH:
+		if (config->verbose)
+			printf("high priority condition requested\n");
+
+		set_process_priority(PRIORITY_HIGH);
+		break;
+	case SCHED_LOW:
+		if (config->verbose)
+			printf("low priority condition requested\n");
+
+		set_process_priority(PRIORITY_LOW);
+		break;
+	default:
+		if (config->verbose)
+			printf("default priority condition requested\n");
+
+		set_process_priority(PRIORITY_DEFAULT);
+	}
+}
+

tools/power/cpupower/bench/system.h

+/*  cpufreq-bench CPUFreq microbenchmark
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 Christian Kornacker <ckornacker@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#include "parse.h"
+
+long long get_time();
+
+int set_cpufreq_governor(char *governor, unsigned int cpu);
+int set_cpu_affinity(unsigned int cpu);
+int set_process_priority(int priority);
+
+void prepare_user(const struct config *config);
+void prepare_system(const struct config *config);

tools/power/cpupower/build/ccdv.c

+/* ccdv.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2003, by Mike Gleason, NcFTP Software.
+ * All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the GNU Public License.
+ */
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#define SETCOLOR_SUCCESS	(gANSIEscapes ? "\033\1331;32m" : "")
+#define SETCOLOR_FAILURE	(gANSIEscapes ? "\033\1331;31m" : "")
+#define SETCOLOR_WARNING	(gANSIEscapes ? "\033\1331;33m" : "")
+#define SETCOLOR_NORMAL		(gANSIEscapes ? "\033\1330;39m" : "")
+
+#define TEXT_BLOCK_SIZE 8192
+#define INDENT 2
+
+#define TERMS "vt100:vt102:vt220:vt320:xterm:xterm-color:ansi:linux:scoterm:scoansi:dtterm:cons25:cygwin"
+
+size_t gNBufUsed = 0, gNBufAllocated = 0;
+char *gBuf = NULL;
+int gCCPID;
+char gAction[200] = "";
+char gTarget[200] = "";
+char gAr[32] = "";
+char gArLibraryTarget[64] = "";
+int gDumpCmdArgs = 0;
+char gArgsStr[1000];
+int gColumns = 80;
+int gANSIEscapes = 0;
+int gExitStatus = 95;
+
+static void DumpFormattedOutput(void)
+{
+	char *cp;
+	char spaces[8 + 1] = "        ";
+	char *saved;
+	int curcol;
+	int i;
+
+	curcol = 0;
+	saved = NULL;
+	for (cp = gBuf + ((gDumpCmdArgs == 0) ? strlen(gArgsStr) : 0); ; cp++) {
+		if (*cp == '\0') {
+			if (saved != NULL) {
+				cp = saved;
+				saved = NULL;
+			} else break;
+		}
+		if (*cp == '\r')
+			continue;
+		if (*cp == '\t') {
+			saved = cp + 1;
+			cp = spaces + 8 - (8 - ((curcol - INDENT - 1) % 8));
+		}
+		if (curcol == 0) {
+			for (i = INDENT; --i >= 0; )
+				putchar(' ');
+			curcol = INDENT;
+		}
+		putchar(*cp);
+		if (++curcol == (gColumns - 1)) {
+			putchar('\n');
+			curcol = 0;
+		} else if (*cp == '\n')
+			curcol = 0;
+	}
+	free(gBuf);
+}	/* DumpFormattedOutput */
+
+
+
+/* Difftime(), only for timeval structures.  */
+static void TimeValSubtract(struct timeval *tdiff, struct timeval *t1, struct timeval *t0)
+{
+	tdiff->tv_sec = t1->tv_sec - t0->tv_sec;
+	tdiff->tv_usec = t1->tv_usec - t0->tv_usec;
+	if (tdiff->tv_usec < 0) {
+		tdiff->tv_sec--;
+		tdiff->tv_usec += 1000000;
+	}
+}	/* TimeValSubtract */
+
+
+
+static void Wait(void)
+{
+	int pid2, status;
+
+	do {
+		status = 0;
+		pid2 = (int) waitpid(gCCPID, &status, 0);
+	} while (((pid2 >= 0) && (! WIFEXITED(status))) || ((pid2 < 0) && (errno == EINTR)));
+	if (WIFEXITED(status))
+		gExitStatus = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+}	/* Wait */
+
+
+
+static int SlurpProgress(int fd)
+{
+	char s1[71];
+	char *newbuf;
+	int nready;
+	size_t ntoread;
+	ssize_t nread;
+	struct timeval now, tnext, tleft;
+	fd_set ss;
+	fd_set ss2;
+	const char *trail = "/-\\|", *trailcp;
+
+	trailcp = trail;
+	snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "%s%s%s... ", gAction, gTarget[0] ? " " : "", gTarget);
+	printf("\r%-70s%-9s", s1, "");
+	fflush(stdout);
+
+	gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+	tnext = now;
+	tnext.tv_sec++;
+	tleft.tv_sec = 1;
+	tleft.tv_usec = 0;
+	FD_ZERO(&ss2);
+	FD_SET(fd, &ss2);
+	for(;;) {
+		if (gNBufUsed == (gNBufAllocated - 1)) {
+			if ((newbuf = (char *) realloc(gBuf, gNBufAllocated + TEXT_BLOCK_SIZE)) == NULL) {
+				perror("ccdv: realloc");
+				return (-1);
+			}
+			gNBufAllocated += TEXT_BLOCK_SIZE;
+			gBuf = newbuf;
+		}
+		for (;;) {
+			ss = ss2;
+			nready = select(fd + 1, &ss, NULL, NULL, &tleft);
+			if (nready == 1)
+				break;
+			if (nready < 0) {
+				if (errno != EINTR) {
+					perror("ccdv: select");
+					return (-1);
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+			if ((now.tv_sec > tnext.tv_sec) || ((now.tv_sec == tnext.tv_sec) && (now.tv_usec >= tnext.tv_usec))) {
+				tnext = now;
+				tnext.tv_sec++;
+				tleft.tv_sec = 1;
+				tleft.tv_usec = 0;
+				printf("\r%-71s%c%-7s", s1, *trailcp, "");
+				fflush(stdout);
+				if (*++trailcp == '\0')
+					trailcp = trail;
+			} else {
+				TimeValSubtract(&tleft, &tnext, &now);
+			}
+		}
+		ntoread = (gNBufAllocated - gNBufUsed - 1);
+		nread = read(fd, gBuf + gNBufUsed, ntoread);
+		if (nread < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			perror("ccdv: read");
+			return (-1);
+		} else if (nread == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+		gNBufUsed += nread;
+		gBuf[gNBufUsed] = '\0';
+	}
+	snprintf(s1, sizeof(s1), "%s%s%s: ", gAction, gTarget[0] ? " " : "", gTarget);
+	Wait();
+	if (gExitStatus == 0) {
+		printf("\r%-70s", s1);
+		printf("[%s%s%s]", ((gNBufUsed - strlen(gArgsStr)) < 4) ? SETCOLOR_SUCCESS : SETCOLOR_WARNING, "OK", SETCOLOR_NORMAL);
+		printf("%-5s\n", " ");
+	} else {
+		printf("\r%-70s", s1);
+		printf("[%s%s%s]", SETCOLOR_FAILURE, "ERROR", SETCOLOR_NORMAL);
+		printf("%-2s\n", " ");
+		gDumpCmdArgs = 1;	/* print cmd when there are errors */
+	}
+	fflush(stdout);
+	return (0);
+}	/* SlurpProgress */
+
+
+
+static int SlurpAll(int fd)
+{
+	char *newbuf;
+	size_t ntoread;
+	ssize_t nread;
+
+	printf("%s%s%s.\n", gAction, gTarget[0] ? " " : "", gTarget);
+	fflush(stdout);
+
+	for(;;) {
+		if (gNBufUsed == (gNBufAllocated - 1)) {
+			if ((newbuf = (char *) realloc(gBuf, gNBufAllocated + TEXT_BLOCK_SIZE)) == NULL) {
+				perror("ccdv: realloc");
+				return (-1);
+			}
+			gNBufAllocated += TEXT_BLOCK_SIZE;
+			gBuf = newbuf;
+		}
+		ntoread = (gNBufAllocated - gNBufUsed - 1);
+		nread = read(fd, gBuf + gNBufUsed, ntoread);
+		if (nread < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			perror("ccdv: read");
+			return (-1);
+		} else if (nread == 0) {
+			break;
+		}
+		gNBufUsed += nread;
+		gBuf[gNBufUsed] = '\0';
+	}
+	Wait();
+	gDumpCmdArgs = (gExitStatus != 0);	/* print cmd when there are errors */
+	return (0);
+}	/* SlurpAll */
+
+
+
+static const char *Basename(const char *path)
+{
+	const char *cp;
+	cp = strrchr(path, '/');
+	if (cp == NULL)
+		return (path);
+	return (cp + 1);
+}	/* Basename */
+
+
+
+static const char * Extension(const char *path)
+{
+	const char *cp = path;
+	cp = strrchr(path, '.');
+	if (cp == NULL)
+		return ("");
+	// printf("Extension='%s'\n", cp);
+	return (cp);
+}	/* Extension */
+
+
+
+static void Usage(void)
+{
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: ccdv /path/to/cc CFLAGS...\n\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "I wrote this to reduce the deluge Make output to make finding actual problems\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "easier.  It is intended to be invoked from Makefiles, like this.  Instead of:\n\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t.c.o:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\t$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(DEFS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -c\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\nRewrite your rule so it looks like:\n\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t.c.o:\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "\t\t@ccdv $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(DEFS) $(CPPFLAGS) $< -c\n\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "ccdv 1.1.0 is Free under the GNU Public License.  Enjoy!\n");
+	fprintf(stderr, "  -- Mike Gleason, NcFTP Software <http://www.ncftp.com>\n");
+	exit(96);
+}	/* Usage */
+
+
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int pipe1[2];
+	int devnull;
+	char emerg[256];
+	int fd;
+	int nread;
+	int i;
+	int cc = 0, pch = 0;
+	const char *quote;
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		Usage();
+
+	snprintf(gAction, sizeof(gAction), "Running %s", Basename(argv[1]));
+	memset(gArgsStr, 0, sizeof(gArgsStr));
+	for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+		// printf("argv[%d]='%s'\n", i, argv[i]);
+		quote = (strchr(argv[i], ' ') != NULL) ? "\"" : "";
+		snprintf(gArgsStr + strlen(gArgsStr), sizeof(gArgsStr) - strlen(gArgsStr), "%s%s%s%s%s", (i == 1) ? "" : " ", quote, argv[i], quote, (i == (argc - 1)) ? "\n" : "");
+		if ((strcmp(argv[i], "-o") == 0) && ((i + 1) < argc)) {
+			if (strcasecmp(Extension(argv[i + 1]), ".o") != 0) {
+				strcpy(gAction, "Linking");
+				snprintf(gTarget, sizeof(gTarget), "%s", Basename(argv[i + 1]));
+			}
+		} else if (strchr("-+", (int) argv[i][0]) != NULL) {
+			continue;
+		} else if (strncasecmp(Extension(argv[i]), ".c", 2) == 0) {
+			cc++;
+			snprintf(gTarget, sizeof(gTarget), "%s", Basename(argv[i]));
+			// printf("gTarget='%s'\n", gTarget);
+		} else if ((strncasecmp(Extension(argv[i]), ".h", 2) == 0) && (cc == 0)) {
+			pch++;
+			snprintf(gTarget, sizeof(gTarget), "%s", Basename(argv[i]));
+		} else if ((i == 1) && (strcmp(Basename(argv[i]), "ar") == 0)) {
+			snprintf(gAr, sizeof(gAr), "%s", Basename(argv[i]));
+		} else if ((gArLibraryTarget[0] == '\0') && (strcasecmp(Extension(argv[i]), ".a") == 0)) {
+			snprintf(gArLibraryTarget, sizeof(gArLibraryTarget), "%s", Basename(argv[i]));
+		}
+	}
+	if ((gAr[0] != '\0') && (gArLibraryTarget[0] != '\0')) {
+		strcpy(gAction, "Creating library");
+		snprintf(gTarget, sizeof(gTarget), "%s", gArLibraryTarget);
+	} else if (pch > 0) {
+		strcpy(gAction, "Precompiling");
+	} else if (cc > 0) {
+		strcpy(gAction, "Compiling");
+	}
+
+	if (pipe(pipe1) < 0) {
+		perror("ccdv: pipe");
+		exit(97);
+	}
+
+	(void) close(0);
+	devnull = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR, 00666);
+	if ((devnull != 0) && (dup2(devnull, 0) == 0))
+		close(devnull);
+
+	gCCPID = (int) fork();
+	if (gCCPID < 0) {
+		(void) close(pipe1[0]);
+		(void) close(pipe1[1]);
+		perror("ccdv: fork");
+		exit(98);
+	} else if (gCCPID == 0) {
+		/* Child */
+		(void) close(pipe1[0]);		/* close read end */
+		if (pipe1[1] != 1) {		/* use write end on stdout */
+			(void) dup2(pipe1[1], 1);
+			(void) close(pipe1[1]);
+		}
+		(void) dup2(1, 2);		/* use write end on stderr */
+		execvp(argv[1], argv + 1);
+		perror(argv[1]);
+		exit(99);
+	}
+
+	/* parent */
+	(void) close(pipe1[1]);		/* close write end */
+	fd = pipe1[0];			/* use read end */
+
+	gColumns = (getenv("COLUMNS") != NULL) ? atoi(getenv("COLUMNS")) : 80;
+	gANSIEscapes = (getenv("TERM") != NULL) && (strstr(TERMS, getenv("TERM")) != NULL);
+	gBuf = (char *) malloc(TEXT_BLOCK_SIZE);
+	if (gBuf == NULL) 
+		goto panic;
+	gNBufUsed = 0;
+	gNBufAllocated = TEXT_BLOCK_SIZE;
+	if (strlen(gArgsStr) < (gNBufAllocated - 1)) {
+		strcpy(gBuf, gArgsStr);
+		gNBufUsed = strlen(gArgsStr);
+	}
+
+	if (isatty(1)) {
+		if (SlurpProgress(fd) < 0)
+			goto panic;
+	} else {
+		if (SlurpAll(fd) < 0)
+			goto panic;
+	}
+	DumpFormattedOutput();
+	exit(gExitStatus);
+
+panic:
+	gDumpCmdArgs = 1;	/* print cmd when there are errors */
+	DumpFormattedOutput();
+	while ((nread = read(fd, emerg, (size_t) sizeof(emerg))) > 0)
+		(void) write(2, emerg, (size_t) nread);
+	Wait();
+	exit(gExitStatus);
+}	/* main */

tools/power/cpupower/debug/i386/Makefile

+default: all
+
+centrino-decode: centrino-decode.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o centrino-decode centrino-decode.c
+
+dump_psb: dump_psb.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o dump_psb dump_psb.c
+
+intel_gsic: intel_gsic.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o intel_gsic -llrmi intel_gsic.c
+
+powernow-k8-decode: powernow-k8-decode.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o powernow-k8-decode powernow-k8-decode.c
+
+all: centrino-decode dump_psb intel_gsic powernow-k8-decode
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf centrino-decode dump_psb intel_gsic powernow-k8-decode
+
+.PHONY: all default clean

tools/power/cpupower/debug/i386/centrino-decode.c

+/*
+ *  (C) 2003 - 2004  Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.de>
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2.
+ *
+ * Based on code found in
+ * linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/speedstep-centrino.c
+ * and originally developed by Jeremy Fitzhardinge.
+ *
+ * USAGE: simply run it to decode the current settings on CPU 0,
+ *	  or pass the CPU number as argument, or pass the MSR content
+ *	  as argument.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#define MCPU	32
+
+#define MSR_IA32_PERF_STATUS	0x198
+
+static int rdmsr(unsigned int cpu, unsigned int msr,
+		 unsigned int *lo, unsigned int *hi)
+{
+	int fd;
+	char file[20];
+	unsigned long long val;
+	int retval = -1;
+
+	*lo = *hi = 0;
+
+	if (cpu > MCPU)
+		goto err1;
+
+	sprintf(file, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", cpu);
+	fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		goto err1;
+
+	if (lseek(fd, msr, SEEK_CUR) == -1)
+		goto err2;
+
+	if (read(fd, &val, 8) != 8)
+		goto err2;
+
+	*lo = (uint32_t )(val & 0xffffffffull);
+	*hi = (uint32_t )(val>>32 & 0xffffffffull);
+
+	retval = 0;
+err2:
+	close(fd);
+err1:
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static void decode (unsigned int msr)
+{
+	unsigned int multiplier;
+	unsigned int mv;
+
+	multiplier = ((msr >> 8) & 0xFF);
+
+	mv = (((msr & 0xFF) * 16) + 700);
+
+	printf("0x%x means multiplier %d @ %d mV\n", msr, multiplier, mv);
+}
+
+static int decode_live(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	unsigned int lo, hi;
+	int err;
+
+	err = rdmsr(cpu, MSR_IA32_PERF_STATUS, &lo, &hi);
+
+	if (err) {
+		printf("can't get MSR_IA32_PERF_STATUS for cpu %d\n", cpu);
+		printf("Possible trouble: you don't run an Enhanced SpeedStep capable cpu\n");
+		printf("or you are not root, or the msr driver is not present\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	decode(lo);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	unsigned int cpu, mode = 0;
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		cpu = 0;
+	else {
+		cpu = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
+		if (cpu >= MCPU)
+			mode = 1;
+	}
+
+	if (mode)
+		decode(cpu);
+	else
+		decode_live(cpu);
+
+	return 0;
+}

tools/power/cpupower/debug/i386/dump_psb.c

+/*
+ * dump_psb. (c) 2004, Dave Jones, Red Hat Inc.
+ * Licensed under the GPL v2.
+ */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#define LEN (0x100000 - 0xc0000)
+#define OFFSET (0xc0000)
+
+#ifndef __packed
+#define __packed __attribute((packed))
+#endif
+
+static long relevant;
+
+static const int fid_to_mult[32] = {
+	110, 115, 120, 125, 50, 55, 60, 65,
+	70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105,
+	30, 190, 40, 200, 130, 135, 140, 210,
+	150, 225, 160, 165, 170, 180, -1, -1,
+};
+
+static const int vid_to_voltage[32] = {
+	2000, 1950, 1900, 1850, 1800, 1750, 1700, 1650,
+	1600, 1550, 1500, 1450, 1400, 1350, 1300, 0,
+	1275, 1250, 1225, 1200, 1175, 1150, 1125, 1100,
+	1075, 1050, 1024, 1000, 975, 950, 925, 0,
+};
+
+struct psb_header {
+	char signature[10];
+	u_char version;
+	u_char flags;
+	u_short settlingtime;
+	u_char res1;
+	u_char numpst;
+} __packed;
+
+struct pst_header {
+	u_int32_t cpuid;
+	u_char fsb;
+	u_char maxfid;
+	u_char startvid;
+	u_char numpstates;
+} __packed;
+
+static u_int fsb;
+static u_int sgtc;
+
+static int
+decode_pst(char *p, int npstates)
+{
+	int i;
+	int freq, fid, vid;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < npstates; ++i) {
+		fid = *p++;
+		vid = *p++;
+		freq = 100 * fid_to_mult[fid] * fsb;
+
+		printf("   %2d %8dkHz  FID %02x (%2d.%01d)  VID %02x (%4dmV)\n",
+		       i,
+		       freq,
+		       fid, fid_to_mult[fid]/10, fid_to_mult[fid]%10,
+		       vid, vid_to_voltage[vid]);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static
+void decode_psb(char *p, int numpst)
+{
+	int i;
+	struct psb_header *psb;
+	struct pst_header *pst;
+
+	psb = (struct psb_header*) p;
+
+	if (psb->version != 0x12)
+		return;
+
+	printf("PSB version: %hhx flags: %hhx settling time %hhuus res1 %hhx num pst %hhu\n",
+			psb->version,
+			psb->flags,
+			psb->settlingtime,
+			psb->res1,
+			psb->numpst);
+	sgtc = psb->settlingtime * 100;
+
+	if (sgtc < 10000)
+		sgtc = 10000;
+
+	p = ((char *) psb) + sizeof(struct psb_header);
+
+	if (numpst < 0)
+		numpst = psb->numpst;
+	else
+		printf("Overriding number of pst :%d\n", numpst);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < numpst; i++) {
+		pst = (struct pst_header*) p;
+
+		if (relevant != 0) {
+			if (relevant!= pst->cpuid)
+				goto next_one;
+		}
+
+		printf("  PST %d  cpuid %.3x fsb %hhu mfid %hhx svid %hhx numberstates %hhu\n",
+				i+1,
+				pst->cpuid,
+				pst->fsb,
+				pst->maxfid,
+				pst->startvid,
+				pst->numpstates);
+
+		fsb = pst->fsb;
+		decode_pst(p + sizeof(struct pst_header), pst->numpstates);
+
+next_one:
+		p += sizeof(struct pst_header) + 2*pst->numpstates;
+	}
+
+}
+
+static struct option info_opts[] = {
+	{.name = "numpst",	.has_arg=no_argument,	.flag=NULL, .val='n'},
+};
+
+void print_help(void)
+{
+	printf ("Usage: dump_psb [options]\n");
+	printf ("Options:\n");
+	printf ("  -n, --numpst     Set number of PST tables to scan\n");
+	printf ("  -r, --relevant   Only display PSTs relevant to cpuid N\n");
+}
+
+int
+main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int fd;
+	int numpst=-1;
+	int ret=0, cont=1;
+	char *mem = NULL;
+	char *p;
+
+	do {
+		ret = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hr:n:", info_opts, NULL);
+		switch (ret){
+		case '?':
+		case 'h':
+			print_help();
+			cont = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'r':
+			relevant = strtol(optarg, NULL, 16);
+			break;
+		case 'n':
+			numpst = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
+			break;
+		case -1:
+			cont = 0;
+			break;
+		}
+
+	} while(cont);
+
+	fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		printf ("Couldn't open /dev/mem. Are you root?\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	mem = mmap(mem, 0x100000 - 0xc0000, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0xc0000);
+	close(fd);
+
+	for (p = mem; p - mem < LEN; p+=16) {
+		if (memcmp(p, "AMDK7PNOW!", 10) == 0) {
+			decode_psb(p, numpst);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	munmap(mem, LEN);
+	return 0;
+}

tools/power/cpupower/debug/i386/intel_gsic.c

+/*
+ *  (C) 2003  Bruno Ducrot
+ *  (C) 2004  Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.de>
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2.
+ *
+ * Based on code found in
+ * linux/include/asm-i386/ist.h and linux/arch/i386/kernel/setup.c
+ * and originally developed by Andy Grover <andrew.grover@intel.com>
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <lrmi.h>
+
+int main (void)
+{
+	struct LRMI_regs	r;
+	int			retval;
+
+	if (!LRMI_init())
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&r, 0, sizeof(r));
+
+	r.eax = 0x0000E980;
+	r.edx = 0x47534943;
+
+	retval = LRMI_int(0x15, &r);
+
+	if (!retval) {
+		printf("Failed!\n");
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (r.eax == 0x47534943) {
+		printf("BIOS supports GSIC call:\n");
+		printf("\tsignature: %c%c%c%c\n",
+		       (r.eax >> 24) & 0xff,
+		       (r.eax >> 16) & 0xff,
+		       (r.eax >> 8) & 0xff,
+		       (r.eax) & 0xff);
+		printf("\tcommand port = 0x%.4x\n",
+		       r.ebx & 0xffff);
+		printf("\tcommand =      0x%.4x\n",
+		       (r.ebx >> 16) & 0xffff);
+		printf("\tevent port =   0x%.8x\n", r.ecx);
+		printf("\tflags =        0x%.8x\n", r.edx);
+		if (((r.ebx >> 16) & 0xffff) != 0x82) {
+			printf("non-default command value. If speedstep-smi "
+			       "doesn't work out of the box,\nyou may want to "
+			       "try out the default value by passing "
+			       "smi_cmd=0x82 to the module\n ON YOUR OWN "
+			       "RISK.\n");
+		}
+		if ((r.ebx & 0xffff) != 0xb2) {
+			printf("non-default command port. If speedstep-smi "
+			       "doesn't work out of the box,\nyou may want to "
+			       "try out the default value by passing "
+			       "smi_port=0x82 to the module\n ON YOUR OWN "
+			       "RISK.\n");
+		}
+	} else {
+		printf("BIOS DOES NOT support GSIC call.  Dumping registers anyway:\n");
+		printf("eax = 0x%.8x\n", r.eax);
+		printf("ebx = 0x%.8x\n", r.ebx);
+		printf("ecx = 0x%.8x\n", r.ecx);
+		printf("edx = 0x%.8x\n", r.edx);
+		printf("Note also that some BIOS do not support the initial "
+		       "GSIC call, but the newer\nspeeedstep-smi driver may "
+		       "work.\nFor this, you need to pass some arguments to "
+		       "the speedstep-smi driver:\n");
+		printf("\tsmi_cmd=0x?? smi_port=0x?? smi_sig=1\n");
+		printf("\nUnfortunately, you have to know what exactly are "
+		       "smi_cmd and smi_port, and this\nis system "
+		       "dependant.\n");
+	}
+	return 1;
+}

tools/power/cpupower/debug/i386/powernow-k8-decode.c

+/*
+ *  (C) 2004 Bruno Ducrot <ducrot@poupinou.org>
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2.
+ *
+ * Based on code found in
+ * linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/powernow-k8.c
+ * and originally developed by Paul Devriendt
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#define MCPU 32
+
+#define MSR_FIDVID_STATUS	0xc0010042
+
+#define MSR_S_HI_CURRENT_VID	0x0000001f
+#define MSR_S_LO_CURRENT_FID	0x0000003f
+
+static int get_fidvid(uint32_t cpu, uint32_t *fid, uint32_t *vid)
+{
+	int err = 1;
+	uint64_t msr = 0;
+	int fd;
+	char file[20];
+
+	if (cpu > MCPU)
+		goto out;
+
+	sprintf(file, "/dev/cpu/%d/msr", cpu);
+
+	fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		goto out;
+	lseek(fd, MSR_FIDVID_STATUS, SEEK_CUR);
+	if (read(fd, &msr, 8) != 8)
+		goto err1;
+
+	*fid = ((uint32_t )(msr & 0xffffffffull)) & MSR_S_LO_CURRENT_FID;
+	*vid = ((uint32_t )(msr>>32 & 0xffffffffull)) & MSR_S_HI_CURRENT_VID;
+	err = 0;
+err1:
+	close(fd);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+
+/* Return a frequency in MHz, given an input fid */
+static uint32_t find_freq_from_fid(uint32_t fid)
+{
+	return 800 + (fid * 100);
+}
+
+/* Return a voltage in miliVolts, given an input vid */
+static uint32_t find_millivolts_from_vid(uint32_t vid)
+{
+	return 1550-vid*25;
+}
+
+int main (int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int err;
+	int cpu;
+	uint32_t fid, vid;
+
+	if (argc < 2)
+		cpu = 0;
+	else
+		cpu = strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 0);
+
+	err = get_fidvid(cpu, &fid, &vid);
+
+	if (err) {
+		printf("can't get fid, vid from MSR\n");
+		printf("Possible trouble: you don't run a powernow-k8 capable cpu\n");
+		printf("or you are not root, or the msr driver is not present\n");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+
+	
+	printf("cpu %d currently at %d MHz and %d mV\n",
+			cpu,
+			find_freq_from_fid(fid),
+			find_millivolts_from_vid(vid));
+	
+	return 0;
+}

tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/Makefile

+obj-m	:=
+
+KDIR	:= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
+PWD		:= $(shell pwd)
+KMISC   := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/cpufrequtils/
+
+ifeq ("$(CONFIG_X86_TSC)", "y")
+  obj-m	 += cpufreq-test_tsc.o
+endif
+
+default:
+	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD)
+
+clean:
+	- rm -rf *.o *.ko .tmp-versions .*.cmd .*.mod.* *.mod.c
+	- rm -rf .tmp_versions* Module.symvers modules.order
+
+install: default
+	install -d $(KMISC)
+	install -m 644 -c *.ko $(KMISC)
+	/sbin/depmod -a
+
+all:	default

tools/power/cpupower/debug/kernel/cpufreq-test_tsc.c

+/*
+ * test module to check whether the TSC-based delay routine continues
+ * to work properly after cpufreq transitions. Needs ACPI to work
+ * properly.
+ *
+ * Based partly on the Power Management Timer (PMTMR) code to be found
+ * in arch/i386/kernel/timers/timer_pm.c on recent 2.6. kernels, especially
+ * code written by John Stultz. The read_pmtmr function was copied verbatim
+ * from that file.
+ *
+ * (C) 2004 Dominik Brodowski
+ *
+ * To use:
+ * 1.) pass clock=tsc to the kernel on your bootloader
+ * 2.) modprobe this module (it'll fail)
+ * 3.) change CPU frequency
+ * 4.) modprobe this module again
+ * 5.) if the third value, "diff_pmtmr", changes between 2. and 4., the
+ *     TSC-based delay routine on the Linux kernel does not correctly
+ *     handle the cpufreq transition. Please report this to
+ *     cpufreq@vger.kernel.org
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+
+#include <asm/io.h>
+
+#include <acpi/acpi_bus.h>
+#include <acpi/acpi_drivers.h>
+
+static int pm_tmr_ioport = 0;
+
+/*helper function to safely read acpi pm timesource*/
+static u32 read_pmtmr(void)
+{
+	u32 v1=0,v2=0,v3=0;
+	/* It has been reported that because of various broken
+	 * chipsets (ICH4, PIIX4 and PIIX4E) where the ACPI PM time
+	 * source is not latched, so you must read it multiple
+	 * times to insure a safe value is read.
+	 */
+	do {
+		v1 = inl(pm_tmr_ioport);
+		v2 = inl(pm_tmr_ioport);
+		v3 = inl(pm_tmr_ioport);
+	} while ((v1 > v2 && v1 < v3) || (v2 > v3 && v2 < v1)
+		 || (v3 > v1 && v3 < v2));
+
+	/* mask the output to 24 bits */
+	return (v2 & 0xFFFFFF);
+}
+
+static int __init cpufreq_test_tsc(void)
+{
+	u32 now, then, diff;
+	u64 now_tsc, then_tsc, diff_tsc;
+	int i;
+
+	/* the following code snipped is copied from arch/x86/kernel/acpi/boot.c
+	   of Linux v2.6.25. */
+
+	/* detect the location of the ACPI PM Timer */
+	if (acpi_gbl_FADT.header.revision >= FADT2_REVISION_ID) {
+		/* FADT rev. 2 */
+		if (acpi_gbl_FADT.xpm_timer_block.space_id !=
+		    ACPI_ADR_SPACE_SYSTEM_IO)
+			return 0;
+
+		pm_tmr_ioport = acpi_gbl_FADT.xpm_timer_block.address;
+		/*
+		 * "X" fields are optional extensions to the original V1.0
+		 * fields, so we must selectively expand V1.0 fields if the
+		 * corresponding X field is zero.
+	 	 */
+		if (!pm_tmr_ioport)
+			pm_tmr_ioport = acpi_gbl_FADT.pm_timer_block;
+	} else {
+		/* FADT rev. 1 */
+		pm_tmr_ioport = acpi_gbl_FADT.pm_timer_block;
+	}
+
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "start--> \n");
+	then = read_pmtmr();
+        rdtscll(then_tsc);
+	for (i=0;i<20;i++) {
+		mdelay(100);
+		now = read_pmtmr();
+		rdtscll(now_tsc);
+		diff = (now - then) & 0xFFFFFF;
+		diff_tsc = now_tsc - then_tsc;
+		printk(KERN_DEBUG "t1: %08u t2: %08u diff_pmtmr: %08u diff_tsc: %016llu\n", then, now, diff, diff_tsc);
+		then = now;
+		then_tsc = now_tsc;
+	}
+	printk(KERN_DEBUG "<-- end \n");
+	return -ENODEV;
+}
+
+static void __exit cpufreq_none(void)
+{
+	return;
+}
+
+module_init(cpufreq_test_tsc)
+module_exit(cpufreq_none)
+
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Dominik Brodowski");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Verify the TSC cpufreq notifier working correctly -- needs ACPI-enabled system");
+MODULE_LICENSE ("GPL");

tools/power/cpupower/debug/x86_64/Makefile

+default: all
+
+centrino-decode: centrino-decode.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o centrino-decode centrino-decode.c
+
+powernow-k8-decode: powernow-k8-decode.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o powernow-k8-decode powernow-k8-decode.c
+
+all: centrino-decode powernow-k8-decode
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf centrino-decode powernow-k8-decode
+
+.PHONY: all default clean

tools/power/cpupower/debug/x86_64/centrino-decode.c

+../i386/centrino-decode.c
\ No newline at end of file

tools/power/cpupower/debug/x86_64/powernow-k8-decode.c

+../i386/powernow-k8-decode.c
\ No newline at end of file

tools/power/cpupower/lib/cpufreq.c

+/*
+ *  (C) 2004-2009  Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.de>
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2.
+ */
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "cpufreq.h"
+#include "sysfs.h"
+
+int cpufreq_cpu_exists(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	return sysfs_cpu_exists(cpu);
+}
+
+unsigned long cpufreq_get_freq_kernel(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	return sysfs_get_freq_kernel(cpu);
+}
+
+unsigned long cpufreq_get_freq_hardware(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	return sysfs_get_freq_hardware(cpu);
+}
+
+unsigned long cpufreq_get_transition_latency(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	return sysfs_get_freq_transition_latency(cpu);
+}
+
+int cpufreq_get_hardware_limits(unsigned int cpu,
+				unsigned long *min,
+				unsigned long *max)
+{
+	if ((!min) || (!max))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	return sysfs_get_freq_hardware_limits(cpu, min, max);
+}
+
+char * cpufreq_get_driver(unsigned int cpu) {
+	return sysfs_get_freq_driver(cpu);
+}
+
+void cpufreq_put_driver(char * ptr) {
+	if (!ptr)
+		return;
+	free(ptr);
+}
+
+struct cpufreq_policy * cpufreq_get_policy(unsigned int cpu) {
+	return sysfs_get_freq_policy(cpu);
+}
+
+void cpufreq_put_policy(struct cpufreq_policy *policy) {
+	if ((!policy) || (!policy->governor))
+		return;
+
+	free(policy->governor);
+	policy->governor = NULL;
+	free(policy);
+}
+
+struct cpufreq_available_governors * cpufreq_get_available_governors(unsigned int cpu) {
+	return sysfs_get_freq_available_governors(cpu);
+}
+
+void cpufreq_put_available_governors(struct cpufreq_available_governors *any) {
+	struct cpufreq_available_governors *tmp, *next;
+
+	if (!any)
+		return;
+
+	tmp = any->first;
+	while (tmp) {
+		next = tmp->next;
+		if (tmp->governor)
+			free(tmp->governor);
+		free(tmp);
+		tmp = next;
+	}
+}
+
+
+struct cpufreq_available_frequencies * cpufreq_get_available_frequencies(unsigned int cpu) {
+	return sysfs_get_available_frequencies(cpu);
+}
+
+void cpufreq_put_available_frequencies(struct cpufreq_available_frequencies *any) {
+	struct cpufreq_available_frequencies *tmp, *next;
+
+	if (!any)
+		return;
+
+	tmp = any->first;
+	while (tmp) {
+		next = tmp->next;
+		free(tmp);
+		tmp = next;
+	}
+}
+
+
+struct cpufreq_affected_cpus * cpufreq_get_affected_cpus(unsigned int cpu) {
+	return sysfs_get_freq_affected_cpus(cpu);
+}
+
+void cpufreq_put_affected_cpus(struct cpufreq_affected_cpus *any) {
+	struct cpufreq_affected_cpus *tmp, *next;
+
+	if (!any)
+		return;
+
+	tmp = any->first;
+	while (tmp) {
+		next = tmp->next;
+		free(tmp);
+		tmp = next;
+	}
+}
+
+
+struct cpufreq_affected_cpus * cpufreq_get_related_cpus(unsigned int cpu) {
+	return sysfs_get_freq_related_cpus(cpu);
+}
+
+void cpufreq_put_related_cpus(struct cpufreq_affected_cpus *any) {
+	cpufreq_put_affected_cpus(any);
+}
+
+
+int cpufreq_set_policy(unsigned int cpu, struct cpufreq_policy *policy) {
+	if (!policy || !(policy->governor))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return sysfs_set_freq_policy(cpu, policy);
+}
+
+
+int cpufreq_modify_policy_min(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long min_freq) {
+	return sysfs_modify_freq_policy_min(cpu, min_freq);
+}
+
+
+int cpufreq_modify_policy_max(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long max_freq) {
+	return sysfs_modify_freq_policy_max(cpu, max_freq);
+}
+
+
+int cpufreq_modify_policy_governor(unsigned int cpu, char *governor) {
+	if ((!governor) || (strlen(governor) > 19))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return sysfs_modify_freq_policy_governor(cpu, governor);
+}
+
+int cpufreq_set_frequency(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long target_frequency) {
+	return sysfs_set_frequency(cpu, target_frequency);
+}
+
+struct cpufreq_stats * cpufreq_get_stats(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long long *total_time) {
+	struct cpufreq_stats *ret;
+
+	ret = sysfs_get_freq_stats(cpu, total_time);
+	return (ret);
+}
+
+void cpufreq_put_stats(struct cpufreq_stats *any) {
+	struct cpufreq_stats *tmp, *next;
+
+	if (!any)
+		return;
+
+	tmp = any->first;
+	while (tmp) {
+		next = tmp->next;
+		free(tmp);
+		tmp = next;
+	}
+}
+
+unsigned long cpufreq_get_transitions(unsigned int cpu) {
+	unsigned long ret = sysfs_get_freq_transitions(cpu);
+
+	return (ret);
+}

tools/power/cpupower/lib/cpufreq.h

+/*
+ *  cpufreq.h - definitions for libcpufreq
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2004-2009  Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.de>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the License.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef _CPUFREQ_H
+#define _CPUFREQ_H 1
+
+struct cpufreq_policy {
+	unsigned long min;
+	unsigned long max;
+	char *governor;
+};
+
+struct cpufreq_available_governors {
+	char *governor;
+	struct cpufreq_available_governors *next;
+	struct cpufreq_available_governors *first;
+};
+
+struct cpufreq_available_frequencies {
+	unsigned long frequency;
+	struct cpufreq_available_frequencies *next;
+	struct cpufreq_available_frequencies *first;
+};
+
+
+struct cpufreq_affected_cpus {
+	unsigned int cpu;
+	struct cpufreq_affected_cpus *next;
+	struct cpufreq_affected_cpus *first;
+};
+
+struct cpufreq_stats {
+	unsigned long frequency;
+	unsigned long long time_in_state;
+	struct cpufreq_stats *next;
+	struct cpufreq_stats *first;
+};
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * returns 0 if the specified CPU is present (it doesn't say
+ * whether it is online!), and an error value if not.
+ */
+
+extern int cpufreq_cpu_exists(unsigned int cpu);
+
+/* determine current CPU frequency
+ * - _kernel variant means kernel's opinion of CPU frequency
+ * - _hardware variant means actual hardware CPU frequency,
+ *    which is only available to root.
+ *
+ * returns 0 on failure, else frequency in kHz.
+ */
+
+extern unsigned long cpufreq_get_freq_kernel(unsigned int cpu);
+
+extern unsigned long cpufreq_get_freq_hardware(unsigned int cpu);
+
+#define cpufreq_get(cpu) cpufreq_get_freq_kernel(cpu);
+
+
+/* determine CPU transition latency
+ *
+ * returns 0 on failure, else transition latency in 10^(-9) s = nanoseconds
+ */
+extern unsigned long cpufreq_get_transition_latency(unsigned int cpu);
+
+
+/* determine hardware CPU frequency limits
+ *
+ * These may be limited further by thermal, energy or other
+ * considerations by cpufreq policy notifiers in the kernel.
+ */
+
+extern int cpufreq_get_hardware_limits(unsigned int cpu, 
+				       unsigned long *min, 
+				       unsigned long *max);
+
+
+/* determine CPUfreq driver used
+ *
+ * Remember to call cpufreq_put_driver when no longer needed
+ * to avoid memory leakage, please.
+ */
+
+extern char * cpufreq_get_driver(unsigned int cpu);
+
+extern void   cpufreq_put_driver(char * ptr);
+
+
+/* determine CPUfreq policy currently used
+ *
+ * Remember to call cpufreq_put_policy when no longer needed
+ * to avoid memory leakage, please.
+ */
+
+
+extern struct cpufreq_policy * cpufreq_get_policy(unsigned int cpu);
+
+extern void cpufreq_put_policy(struct cpufreq_policy *policy);
+
+
+/* determine CPUfreq governors currently available
+ *
+ * may be modified by modprobe'ing or rmmod'ing other governors. Please
+ * free allocated memory by calling cpufreq_put_available_governors
+ * after use.
+ */
+
+
+extern struct cpufreq_available_governors * cpufreq_get_available_governors(unsigned int cpu);
+
+extern void cpufreq_put_available_governors(struct cpufreq_available_governors *first);
+
+
+/* determine CPU frequency states available
+ *
+ * only present on _some_ ->target() cpufreq drivers. For information purposes
+ * only. Please free allocated memory by calling cpufreq_put_available_frequencies
+ * after use.
+ */
+
+extern struct cpufreq_available_frequencies * cpufreq_get_available_frequencies(unsigned int cpu);
+
+extern void cpufreq_put_available_frequencies(struct cpufreq_available_frequencies *first);
+
+
+/* determine affected CPUs 
+ *
+ * Remember to call cpufreq_put_affected_cpus when no longer needed
+ * to avoid memory leakage, please.
+ */
+
+extern struct cpufreq_affected_cpus * cpufreq_get_affected_cpus(unsigned int cpu);
+
+extern void cpufreq_put_affected_cpus(struct cpufreq_affected_cpus *first);
+
+
+/* determine related CPUs 
+ *
+ * Remember to call cpufreq_put_related_cpus when no longer needed
+ * to avoid memory leakage, please.
+ */
+
+extern struct cpufreq_affected_cpus * cpufreq_get_related_cpus(unsigned int cpu);
+
+extern void cpufreq_put_related_cpus(struct cpufreq_affected_cpus *first);
+
+
+/* determine stats for cpufreq subsystem
+ *
+ * This is not available in all kernel versions or configurations.
+ */
+
+extern struct cpufreq_stats * cpufreq_get_stats(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long long *total_time);
+
+extern void cpufreq_put_stats(struct cpufreq_stats *stats);
+
+extern unsigned long cpufreq_get_transitions(unsigned int cpu);
+
+
+/* set new cpufreq policy 
+ * 
+ * Tries to set the passed policy as new policy as close as possible,
+ * but results may differ depending e.g. on governors being available.
+ */
+
+extern int cpufreq_set_policy(unsigned int cpu, struct cpufreq_policy *policy);
+
+
+/* modify a policy by only changing min/max freq or governor 
+ *
+ * Does not check whether result is what was intended.
+ */
+
+extern int cpufreq_modify_policy_min(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long min_freq);
+extern int cpufreq_modify_policy_max(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long max_freq);
+extern int cpufreq_modify_policy_governor(unsigned int cpu, char *governor);
+
+
+/* set a specific frequency
+ *
+ * Does only work if userspace governor can be used and no external
+ * interference (other calls to this function or to set/modify_policy) 
+ * occurs. Also does not work on ->range() cpufreq drivers.
+ */
+
+extern int cpufreq_set_frequency(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long target_frequency);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _CPUFREQ_H */

tools/power/cpupower/lib/sysfs.h

+/* General */
+extern unsigned int sysfs_cpu_exists(unsigned int cpu);
+
+/* CPUfreq */
+extern unsigned long sysfs_get_freq_kernel(unsigned int cpu);
+extern unsigned long sysfs_get_freq_hardware(unsigned int cpu);
+extern unsigned long sysfs_get_freq_transition_latency(unsigned int cpu);
+extern int sysfs_get_freq_hardware_limits(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max);
+extern char * sysfs_get_freq_driver(unsigned int cpu);
+extern struct cpufreq_policy * sysfs_get_freq_policy(unsigned int cpu);
+extern struct cpufreq_available_governors * sysfs_get_freq_available_governors(unsigned int cpu);
+extern struct cpufreq_available_frequencies * sysfs_get_available_frequencies(unsigned int cpu);
+extern struct cpufreq_affected_cpus * sysfs_get_freq_affected_cpus(unsigned int cpu);
+extern struct cpufreq_affected_cpus * sysfs_get_freq_related_cpus(unsigned int cpu);
+extern struct cpufreq_stats * sysfs_get_freq_stats(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long long *total_time);
+extern unsigned long sysfs_get_freq_transitions(unsigned int cpu);
+extern int sysfs_set_freq_policy(unsigned int cpu, struct cpufreq_policy *policy);
+extern int sysfs_modify_freq_policy_min(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long min_freq);
+extern int sysfs_modify_freq_policy_max(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long max_freq);
+extern int sysfs_modify_freq_policy_governor(unsigned int cpu, char *governor);
+extern int sysfs_set_frequency(unsigned int cpu, unsigned long target_frequency);

tools/power/cpupower/man/cpupower-frequency-info.1

+.TH "cpufreq-info" "1" "0.1" "Mattia Dongili" ""
+.SH "NAME"
+.LP 
+cpufreq\-info \- Utility to retrieve cpufreq kernel information
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.LP 
+cpufreq\-info [\fIoptions\fP]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.LP 
+A small tool which prints out cpufreq information helpful to developers and interested users.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.LP 
+.TP  
+\fB\-e\fR \fB\-\-debug\fR
+Prints out debug information.
+.TP  
+\fB\-f\fR \fB\-\-freq\fR
+Get frequency the CPU currently runs at, according to the cpufreq core.
+.TP  
+\fB\-w\fR \fB\-\-hwfreq\fR
+Get frequency the CPU currently runs at, by reading it from hardware (only available to root).
+.TP  
+\fB\-l\fR \fB\-\-hwlimits\fR
+Determine the minimum and maximum CPU frequency allowed.
+.TP  
+\fB\-d\fR \fB\-\-driver\fR
+Determines the used cpufreq kernel driver.
+.TP  
+\fB\-p\fR \fB\-\-policy\fR
+Gets the currently used cpufreq policy.
+.TP  
+\fB\-g\fR \fB\-\-governors\fR
+Determines available cpufreq governors.
+.TP  
+\fB\-a\fR \fB\-\-related\-cpus\fR
+Determines which CPUs run at the same hardware frequency.
+.TP  
+\fB\-a\fR \fB\-\-affected\-cpus\fR
+Determines which CPUs need to have their frequency coordinated by software.
+.TP  
+\fB\-s\fR \fB\-\-stats\fR
+Shows cpufreq statistics if available.
+.TP  
+\fB\-y\fR \fB\-\-latency\fR
+Determines the maximum latency on CPU frequency changes.
+.TP  
+\fB\-o\fR \fB\-\-proc\fR
+Prints out information like provided by the /proc/cpufreq interface in 2.4. and early 2.6. kernels.
+.TP  
+\fB\-m\fR \fB\-\-human\fR
+human\-readable output for the \-f, \-w, \-s and \-y parameters.
+.TP  
+\fB\-h\fR \fB\-\-help\fR
+Prints out the help screen.
+.SH "REMARKS"
+.LP 
+By default only values of core zero are displayed. How to display settings of
+other cores is described in the cpupower(1) manpage in the \-\-cpu option section.
+.LP 
+You can't specify more than one of the output specific options \-o \-e \-a \-g \-p \-d \-l \-w \-f \-y.
+.LP 
+You also can't specify the \-o option combined with the \-c option.
+.SH "FILES"
+.nf 
+\fI/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/\fP  
+\fI/proc/cpufreq\fP (deprecated) 
+\fI/proc/sys/cpu/\fP (deprecated)
+.fi 
+.SH "AUTHORS"
+.nf
+Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de> \- author 
+Mattia Dongili<malattia@gmail.com> \- first autolibtoolization
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP 
+cpupower\-frequency\-set(1), cpupower(1)

tools/power/cpupower/man/cpupower-frequency-set.1

+.TH "cpufreq-set" "1" "0.1" "Mattia Dongili" ""
+.SH "NAME"
+.LP 
+cpufreq\-set \- A small tool which allows to modify cpufreq settings.
+.SH "SYNTAX"
+.LP 
+cpufreq\-set [\fIoptions\fP]
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.LP 
+cpufreq\-set allows you to modify cpufreq settings without having to type e.g. "/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_set_speed" all the time.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.LP 
+.TP 
+\fB\-d\fR \fB\-\-min\fR <FREQ>
+new minimum CPU frequency the governor may select.
+.TP 
+\fB\-u\fR \fB\-\-max\fR <FREQ>
+new maximum CPU frequency the governor may select.
+.TP 
+\fB\-g\fR \fB\-\-governor\fR <GOV>
+new cpufreq governor.
+.TP 
+\fB\-f\fR \fB\-\-freq\fR <FREQ>
+specific frequency to be set. Requires userspace governor to be available and loaded.
+.TP 
+\fB\-r\fR \fB\-\-related\fR
+modify all hardware-related CPUs at the same time
+.TP 
+\fB\-h\fR \fB\-\-help\fR
+Prints out the help screen.
+.SH "REMARKS"
+.LP 
+By default values are applied on all cores. How to modify single core
+configurations is described in the cpupower(1) manpage in the \-\-cpu option section.
+.LP 
+The \-f FREQ, \-\-freq FREQ parameter cannot be combined with any other parameter.
+.LP 
+FREQuencies can be passed in Hz, kHz (default), MHz, GHz, or THz by postfixing the value with the wanted unit name, without any space (frequency in kHz =^ Hz * 0.001 =^ MHz * 1000 =^ GHz * 1000000).
+.LP 
+On Linux kernels up to 2.6.29, the \-r or \-\-related parameter is ignored.
+.SH "FILES" 
+.nf
+\fI/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/\fP  
+\fI/proc/cpufreq\fP (deprecated) 
+\fI/proc/sys/cpu/\fP (deprecated)
+.fi 
+.SH "AUTHORS"
+.nf 
+Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de> \- author 
+Mattia Dongili<malattia@gmail.com> \- first autolibtoolization
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.LP 
+cpupower\-frequency\-info(1), cpupower(1)

tools/power/cpupower/man/cpupower-info.1

+.TH CPUPOWER\-INFO "1" "22/02/2011" "" "cpupower Manual"
+.SH NAME
+cpupower\-info \- Shows processor power related kernel or hardware configurations
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.ft B
+.B cpupower info [ \-b ] [ \-s ] [ \-m ]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBcpupower info \fP shows kernel configurations or processor hardware
+registers affecting processor power saving policies.
+
+Some options are platform wide, some affect single cores. By default values
+of core zero are displayed only. cpupower --cpu all cpuinfo will show the
+settings of all cores, see cpupower(1) how to choose specific cores.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+Options are described in detail in:
+
+cpupower(1), cpupower-set(1)

tools/power/cpupower/man/cpupower-monitor.1

+.TH CPUPOWER\-MONITOR "1" "22/02/2011" "" "cpupower Manual"
+.SH NAME
+cpupower\-monitor \- Report processor frequency and idle statistics
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.ft B
+.B cpupower monitor
+.RB "\-l"
+
+.B cpupower monitor
+.RB [ "\-m <mon1>," [ "<mon2>,..." ] ]
+.RB [ "\-i seconds" ]
+.br
+.B cpupower monitor
+.RB [ "\-m <mon1>," [ "<mon2>,..." ] ]
+.RB command
+.br
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBcpupower-monitor \fP reports processor topology, frequency and idle power
+state statistics. Either \fBcommand\fP is forked and
+statistics are printed upon its completion, or statistics are printed periodically.
+
+\fBcpupower-monitor \fP implements independent processor sleep state and
+frequency counters. Some are retrieved from kernel statistics, some are
+directly reading out hardware registers. Use \-l to get an overview which are
+supported on your system.
+
+.SH Options
+.PP
+\-l
+.RS 4
+List available monitors on your system. Additional details about each monitor
+are shown:
+.RS 2
+.IP \(bu
+The name in quotation marks which can be passed to the \-m parameter.
+.IP \(bu
+The number of different counters the monitor supports in brackets.
+.IP \(bu
+The amount of time in seconds the counters might overflow, due to
+implementation constraints.
+.IP \(bu
+The name and a description of each counter and its processor hierarchy level
+coverage in square brackets:
+.RS 4
+.IP \(bu
+[T] \-> Thread
+.IP \(bu
+[C] \-> Core
+.IP \(bu
+[P] \-> Processor Package (Socket)
+.IP \(bu
+[M] \-> Machine/Platform wide counter
+.RE
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\-m <mon1>,<mon2>,...
+.RS 4
+Only display specific monitors. Use the monitor string(s) provided by \-l option.
+.RE
+.PP
+\-i seconds
+.RS 4
+Measure intervall.
+.RE
+.PP
+command
+.RS 4
+Measure idle and frequency characteristics of an arbitrary command/workload.
+The executable \fBcommand\fP is forked and upon its exit, statistics gathered since it was
+forked are displayed.
+.RE
+.PP
+\-v
+.RS 4
+Increase verbosity if the binary was compiled with the DEBUG option set.
+.RE
+
+.SH MONITOR DESCRIPTIONS
+.SS "Idle_Stats"
+Shows statistics of the cpuidle kernel subsystem. Values are retrieved from
+/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/state*/.
+The kernel updates these values every time an idle state is entered or
+left. Therefore there can be some inaccuracy when cores are in an idle
+state for some time when the measure starts or ends. In worst case it can happen
+that one core stayed in an idle state for the whole measure time and the idle
+state usage time as exported by the kernel did not get updated. In this case
+a state residency of 0 percent is shown while it was 100.
+
+.SS "Mperf"
+The name comes from the aperf/mperf (average and maximum) MSR registers used
+which are available on recent X86 processors. It shows the average frequency
+(including boost frequencies).
+The fact that on all recent hardware the mperf timer stops ticking in any idle
+state it is also used to show C0 (processor is active) and Cx (processor is in
+any sleep state) times. These counters do not have the inaccuracy restrictions
+the "Idle_Stats" counters may show.
+May work poorly on Linux-2.6.20 through 2.6.29, as the \fBacpi-cpufreq \fP
+kernel frequency driver periodically cleared aperf/mperf registers in those
+kernels.
+
+.SS "Nehalem" "SandyBridge"
+Intel Core and Package sleep state counters.
+Threads (hyperthreaded cores) may not be able to enter deeper core states if
+its sibling is utilized.
+Deepest package sleep states may in reality show up as machine/platform wide
+sleep states and can only be entered if all cores are idle. Look up Intel
+manuals (some are provided in the References section) for further details.
+
+.SS "Ontario" "Liano"
+AMD laptop and desktop processor (family 12h and 14h) sleep state counters.
+The registers are accessed via PCI and therefore can still be read out while
+cores have been offlined.
+
+There is one special counter: NBP1 (North Bridge P1).
+This one always returns 0 or 1, depending on whether the North Bridge P1
+power state got entered at least once during measure time.
+Being able to enter NBP1 state also depends on graphics power management.
+Therefore this counter can be used to verify whether the graphics' driver
+power management is working as expected.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+
+cpupower monitor -l" may show:
+.RS 4
+Monitor "Mperf" (3 states) \- Might overflow after 922000000 s
+
+   ...
+
+Monitor "Idle_Stats" (3 states) \- Might overflow after 4294967295 s
+
+   ...
+
+.RE
+cpupower monitor \-m "Idle_Stats,Mperf" scp /tmp/test /nfs/tmp
+
+Monitor the scp command, show both Mperf and Idle_Stats states counter
+statistics, but in exchanged order.
+
+
+
+.RE
+Be careful that the typical command to fully utilize one CPU by doing:
+
+cpupower monitor cat /dev/zero >/dev/null
+
+Does not work as expected, because the measured output is redirected to
+/dev/null. This could get workarounded by putting the line into an own, tiny
+shell script. Hit CTRL\-c to terminate the command and get the measure output
+displayed.
+
+.SH REFERENCES
+"BIOS and Kernel Developer’s Guide (BKDG) for AMD Family 14h Processors"
+http://support.amd.com/us/Processor_TechDocs/43170.pdf
+
+"Intel® Turbo Boost Technology
+in Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Based Processors"
+http://download.intel.com/design/processor/applnots/320354.pdf
+
+"Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual
+Volume 3B: System Programming Guide"
+http://www.intel.com/products/processor/manuals
+
+.SH FILES
+.ta
+.nf
+/dev/cpu/*/msr
+/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/state*/.
+.fi
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+powertop(8), msr(4), vmstat(8)
+.PP
+.SH AUTHORS
+.nf
+Written by Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
+
+Nehalem, SandyBridge monitors and command passing
+based on turbostat.8 from Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

tools/power/cpupower/man/cpupower-set.1

+.TH CPUPOWER\-SET "1" "22/02/2011" "" "cpupower Manual"
+.SH NAME
+cpupower\-set \- Set processor power related kernel or hardware configurations
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.ft B
+.B cpupower set [ \-b VAL ] [ \-s VAL ] [ \-m VAL ]
+
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBcpupower set \fP sets kernel configurations or directly accesses hardware
+registers affecting processor power saving policies.
+
+Some options are platform wide, some affect single cores. By default values
+are applied on all cores. How to modify single core configurations is
+described in the cpupower(1) manpage in the \-\-cpu option section. Whether an
+option affects the whole system or can be applied to individual cores is
+described in the Options sections.
+
+Use \fBcpupower info \fP to read out current settings and whether they are
+supported on the system at all.
+
+.SH Options
+.PP
+\-\-perf-bias, \-b
+.RS 4
+Sets a register on supported Intel processore which allows software to convey
+its policy for the relative importance of performance versus energy savings to
+the  processor.
+
+The range of valid numbers is 0-15, where 0 is maximum
+performance and 15 is maximum energy efficiency.
+
+The processor uses this information in model-specific ways
+when it must select trade-offs between performance and
+energy efficiency.
+
+This policy hint does not supersede Processor Performance states
+(P-states) or CPU Idle power states (C-states), but allows
+software to have influence where it would otherwise be unable
+to express a preference.
+
+For example, this setting may tell the hardware how
+aggressively or conservatively to control frequency
+in the "turbo range" above the explicitly OS-controlled
+P-state frequency range.  It may also tell the hardware
+how aggressively it should enter the OS requested C-states.
+
+This option can be applied to individual cores only via the \-\-cpu option,
+cpupower(1).
+
+Setting the performance bias value on one CPU can modify the setting on
+related CPUs as well (for example all CPUs on one socket), because of
+hardware restrictions.
+Use \fBcpupower -c all info -b\fP to verify.
+
+This options needs the msr kernel driver (CONFIG_X86_MSR) loaded.
+.RE
+.PP
+\-\-sched\-mc,  \-m [ VAL ]
+.RE
+\-\-sched\-smt, \-s [ VAL ]
+.RS 4
+\-\-sched\-mc utilizes cores in one processor package/socket first before
+processes are scheduled to other processor packages/sockets.
+
+\-\-sched\-smt utilizes thread siblings of one processor core first before
+processes are scheduled to other cores.
+
+The impact on power consumption and performance (positiv or negativ) heavily
+depends on processor support for deep sleep states, frequency scaling and
+frequency boost modes and their dependencies between other thread siblings
+and processor cores.
+
+Taken over from kernel documentation:
+
+Adjust the kernel's multi-core scheduler support.
+
+Possible values are:
+.RS 2
+0 - No power saving load balance (default value)
+
+1 - Fill one thread/core/package first for long running threads
+
+2 - Also bias task wakeups to semi-idle cpu package for power
+savings
+.RE
+
+sched_mc_power_savings is dependent upon SCHED_MC, which is
+itself architecture dependent.
+
+sched_smt_power_savings is dependent upon SCHED_SMT, which
+is itself architecture dependent.
+
+The two files are independent of each other. It is possible
+that one file may be present without the other.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+cpupower-info(1), cpupower-monitor(1), powertop(1)
+.PP
+.SH AUTHORS
+.nf
+\-\-perf\-bias parts written by Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
+Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>

tools/power/cpupower/man/cpupower.1

+.TH CPUPOWER "1" "07/03/2011" "" "cpupower Manual"
+.SH NAME
+cpupower \- Shows and sets processor power related values
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.ft B
+.B cpupower [ \-c cpulist ] subcommand [ARGS]
+
+.B cpupower \-v|\-\-version
+
+.B cpupower \-h|\-\-help
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+\fBcpupower \fP is a collection of tools to examine and tune power saving
+related features of your processor.
+
+The manpages of the subcommands (cpupower\-<subcommand>(1)) provide detailed
+descriptions of supported features. Run \fBcpupower help\fP to get an overview
+of supported subcommands.
+
+.SH Options
+.PP
+\-\-help, \-h
+.RS 4
+Shows supported subcommands and general usage.
+.RE
+.PP
+\-\-cpu cpulist,  \-c cpulist
+.RS 4
+Only show or set values for specific cores.
+This option is not supported by all subcommands, details can be found in the
+manpages of the subcommands.
+
+Some subcommands access all cores (typically the *\-set commands), some only
+the first core (typically the *\-info commands) by default.
+
+The syntax for <cpulist> is based on how the kernel exports CPU bitmasks via
+sysfs files. Some examples:
+.RS 4
+.TP 16
+Input
+Equivalent to
+.TP
+all
+all cores
+.TP
+0\-3
+0,1,2,3
+.TP
+0\-7:2
+0,2,4,6
+.TP
+1,3,5-7
+1,3,5,6,7
+.TP
+0\-3:2,8\-15:4
+0,2,8,12	
+.RE
+.RE
+.PP
+\-\-version,  \-v
+.RS 4
+Print the package name and version number.
+
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+cpupower-set(1), cpupower-info(1), cpupower-idle(1),
+cpupower-frequency-set(1), cpupower-frequency-info(1), cpupower-monitor(1),
+powertop(1)
+.PP
+.SH AUTHORS
+.nf
+\-\-perf\-bias parts written by Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
+Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>

tools/power/cpupower/utils/builtin.h

+#ifndef BUILTIN_H
+#define BUILTIN_H
+
+extern int cmd_set(int argc, const char **argv);
+extern int cmd_info(int argc, const char **argv);
+extern int cmd_freq_set(int argc, const char **argv);
+extern int cmd_freq_info(int argc, const char **argv);
+extern int cmd_idle_info(int argc, const char **argv);
+extern int cmd_monitor(int argc, const char **argv);
+
+extern void set_help(void);
+extern void info_help(void);
+extern void freq_set_help(void);
+extern void freq_info_help(void);
+extern void idle_info_help(void);
+extern void monitor_help(void);
+
+#endif

tools/power/cpupower/utils/cpuidle-info.c

+/*
+ *  (C) 2004-2009  Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.de>
+ *  (C) 2010       Thomas Renninger <trenn@suse.de>
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL License version 2.
+ */
+
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <cpufreq.h>
+
+#include "helpers/helpers.h"
+#include "helpers/sysfs.h"
+#include "helpers/bitmask.h"
+
+#define LINE_LEN 10
+
+static void cpuidle_cpu_output(unsigned int cpu, int verbose)
+{
+	int idlestates, idlestate;
+	char *tmp;
+
+	printf(_ ("Analyzing CPU %d:\n"), cpu);
+
+	idlestates = sysfs_get_idlestate_count(cpu);
+	if (idlestates == 0) {
+		printf(_("CPU %u: No idle states\n"), cpu);
+		return;
+	}
+	else if (idlestates <= 0) {
+		printf(_("CPU %u: Can't read idle state info\n"), cpu);
+		return;
+	}
+	tmp = sysfs_get_idlestate_name(cpu, idlestates - 1);
+	if (!tmp) {
+		printf(_("Could not determine max idle state %u\n"),
+		       idlestates - 1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	printf(_("Number of idle states: %d\n"), idlestates);
+
+	printf(_("Available idle states:"));
+	for (idlestate = 1; idlestate < idlestates; idlestate++) {
+		tmp = sysfs_get_idlestate_name(cpu, idlestate);
+		if (!tmp)
+			continue;
+		printf(" %s", tmp);
+		free(tmp);
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+
+	if (!verbose)
+		return;
+
+	for (idlestate = 1; idlestate < idlestates; idlestate++) {
+		tmp = sysfs_get_idlestate_name(cpu, idlestate);
+		if (!tmp)
+			continue;
+		printf("%s:\n", tmp);
+		free(tmp);
+
+		tmp = sysfs_get_idlestate_desc(cpu, idlestate);
+		if (!tmp)
+			continue;
+		printf(_("Flags/Description: %s\n"), tmp);
+		free(tmp);
+
+		printf(_("Latency: %lu\n"),
+		       sysfs_get_idlestate_latency(cpu, idlestate));
+		printf(_("Usage: %lu\n"),
+		       sysfs_get_idlestate_usage(cpu, idlestate));
+		printf(_("Duration: %llu\n"),
+		       sysfs_get_idlestate_time(cpu, idlestate));
+	}
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static void cpuidle_general_output(void)
+{
+	char *tmp;
+
+	tmp = sysfs_get_cpuidle_driver();
+	if (!tmp) {
+		printf(_("Could not determine cpuidle driver\n"));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	printf(_("CPUidle driver: %s\n"), tmp);
+	free (tmp);
+
+	tmp = sysfs_get_cpuidle_governor();
+	if (!tmp) {
+		printf(_("Could not determine cpuidle governor\n"));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	printf(_("CPUidle governor: %s\n"), tmp);
+	free (tmp);
+}
+
+static void proc_cpuidle_cpu_output(unsigned int cpu)
+{
+	long max_allowed_cstate = 2000000000;
+	int cstates, cstate;
+
+	cstates = sysfs_get_idlestate_count(cpu);
+	if (cstates == 0) {
+		/*
+		 * Go on and print same useless info as you'd see with
+		 * cat /proc/acpi/processor/../power
+		 *	printf(_("CPU %u: No C-states available\n"), cpu);
+		 *	return;
+		 */
+	}
+	else if (cstates <= 0) {
+		printf(_("CPU %u: Can't read C-state info\n"), cpu);
+		return;
+	}
+	/* printf("Cstates: %d\n", cstates); */
+
+	printf(_("active state:            C0\n"));
+	printf(_("max_cstate:              C%u\n"), cstates-1);
+	printf(_("maximum allowed latency: %lu usec\n"), max_allowed_cstate);
+	printf(_("states:\t\n"));
+	for (cstate = 1; cstate < cstates; cstate++) {
+		printf(_("    C%d:                  "
+			 "type[C%d] "), cstate, cstate);
+		printf(_("promotion[--] demotion[--] "));
+		printf(_("latency[%03lu] "),
+		       sysfs_get_idlestate_latency(cpu, cstate));
+		printf(_("usage[%08lu] "),
+		       sysfs_get_idlestate_usage(cpu, cstate));
+		printf(_("duration[%020Lu] \n"),
+		       sysfs_get_idlestate_time(cpu, cstate));
+	}
+}
+
+/* --freq / -f */
+
+void idle_info_help(void) {
+	printf(_ ("Usage: cpupower idleinfo [options]\n"));
+	printf(_ ("Options:\n"));
+	printf(_ ("  -s, --silent         Only show general C-state information\n"));
+	printf(_ ("  -o, --proc           Prints out information like provided by the /proc/acpi/processor/*/power\n"
+	       "                       interface in older kernels\n"));
+	printf(_ ("  -h, --help           Prints out this screen\n"));
+
+	printf("\n");
+}
+
+static struct option info_opts[] = {
+	{ .name="silent",	.has_arg=no_argument,		.flag=NULL,	.val='s'},
+	{ .name="proc",		.has_arg=no_argument,		.flag=NULL,	.val='o'},
+	{ .name="help",		.has_arg=no_argument,		.flag=NULL,	.val='h'},
+	{ },
+};
+
+static inline void cpuidle_exit(int fail)
+{
+	idle_info_help();
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+int cmd_idle_info(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	extern char *optarg;
+	extern int optind, opterr, optopt;
+	int ret = 0, cont = 1, output_param = 0, verbose = 1;
+	unsigned int cpu = 0;
+
+	do {
+		ret = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hos", info_opts, NULL);
+		if (ret == -1)
+			break;
+		switch (ret) {
+		case '?':
+			output_param = '?';
+			cont = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'h':
+			output_param = 'h';
+			cont = 0;
+			break;
+		case 's':
+			verbose = 0;
+			break;
+		case -1:
+			cont = 0;
+			break;
+		case 'o':
+			if (output_param) {
+				output_param = -1;
+				cont = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+			output_param = ret;
+			break;
+		}
+	} while(cont);
+
+	switch (output_param) {
+	case -1:
+		printf(_("You can't specify more than one "
+			 "output-specific argument\n"));
+		cpuidle_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	case '?':
+		printf(_("invalid or unknown argument\n"));
+		cpuidle_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	case 'h':
+		cpuidle_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	/* Default is: show output of CPU 0 only */
+	if (bitmask_isallclear(cpus_chosen))
+		bitmask_setbit(cpus_chosen, 0);
+		
+	if (output_param == 0)
+		cpuidle_general_output();
+			
+	for (cpu = bitmask_first(cpus_chosen);
+	     cpu <= bitmask_last(cpus_chosen); cpu++) {
+
+		if (!bitmask_isbitset(cpus_chosen, cpu) ||
+		    cpufreq_cpu_exists(cpu))
+			continue;
+
+		switch (output_param) {
+
+		case 'o':
+			proc_cpuidle_cpu_output(cpu);
+			break;
+		case 0:
+			printf("\n");
+			cpuidle_cpu_output(cpu, verbose);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}

tools/power/cpupower/utils/helpers/bitmask.h

+#ifndef __CPUPOWER_BITMASK__
+#define __CPUPOWER_BITMASK__
+
+/* Taken over from libbitmask, a project initiated from sgi:
+ * Url:            http://oss.sgi.com/projects/cpusets/
+ * Unfortunately it's not very widespread, therefore relevant parts are
+ * pasted here.
+ */
+
+struct bitmask {
+	unsigned int size;
+	unsigned long *maskp;
+};
+
+struct bitmask *bitmask_alloc(unsigned int n);
+void bitmask_free(struct bitmask *bmp);
+
+struct bitmask *bitmask_setbit(struct bitmask *bmp, unsigned int i);
+struct bitmask *bitmask_setall(struct bitmask *bmp);
+struct bitmask *bitmask_clearall(struct bitmask *bmp);
+
+unsigned int bitmask_first(const struct bitmask *bmp);
+unsigned int bitmask_next(const struct bitmask *bmp, unsigned int i);
+unsigned int bitmask_last(const struct bitmask *bmp);
+int bitmask_isallclear(const struct bitmask *bmp);
+int bitmask_isbitset(const struct bitmask *bmp, unsigned int i);
+
+int bitmask_parselist(const char *buf, struct bitmask *bmp);
+int bitmask_displaylist(char *buf, int len, const struct bitmask *bmp);
+
+
+
+#endif /*__CPUPOWER_BITMASK__ */

tools/power/cpupower/utils/idle_monitor/idle_monitors.def

+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+DEF(amd_fam14h)
+DEF(intel_nhm)
+DEF(intel_snb)
+DEF(mperf)
+#endif
+DEF(cpuidle_sysfs)