sched/topology: Warn when NUMA diameter > 2

NUMA topologies where the shortest path between some two nodes requires
three or more hops (i.e. diameter > 2) end up being misrepresented in the
scheduler topology structures.

This is currently detected when booting a kernel with CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG=y
+ sched_debug on the cmdline, although this will only yield a warning about
sched_group spans not matching sched_domain spans:

  ERROR: groups don't span domain->span

Add an explicit warning for that case, triggered regardless of
CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG, and decorate it with an appropriate comment.

The topology described in the comment can be booted up on QEMU by appending
the following to your usual QEMU incantation:

    -smp cores=4 \
    -numa node,cpus=0,nodeid=0 -numa node,cpus=1,nodeid=1, \
    -numa node,cpus=2,nodeid=2, -numa node,cpus=3,nodeid=3, \
    -numa dist,src=0,dst=1,val=20, -numa dist,src=0,dst=2,val=30, \
    -numa dist,src=0,dst=3,val=40, -numa dist,src=1,dst=2,val=20, \
    -numa dist,src=1,dst=3,val=30, -numa dist,src=2,dst=3,val=20

A somewhat more realistic topology (6-node mesh) with the same affliction
can be conjured with:

    -smp cores=6 \
    -numa node,cpus=0,nodeid=0 -numa node,cpus=1,nodeid=1, \
    -numa node,cpus=2,nodeid=2, -numa node,cpus=3,nodeid=3, \
    -numa node,cpus=4,nodeid=4, -numa node,cpus=5,nodeid=5, \
    -numa dist,src=0,dst=1,val=20, -numa dist,src=0,dst=2,val=30, \
    -numa dist,src=0,dst=3,val=40, -numa dist,src=0,dst=4,val=30, \
    -numa dist,src=0,dst=5,val=20, \
    -numa dist,src=1,dst=2,val=20, -numa dist,src=1,dst=3,val=30, \
    -numa dist,src=1,dst=4,val=20, -numa dist,src=1,dst=5,val=30, \
    -numa dist,src=2,dst=3,val=20, -numa dist,src=2,dst=4,val=30, \
    -numa dist,src=2,dst=5,val=40, \
    -numa dist,src=3,dst=4,val=20, -numa dist,src=3,dst=5,val=30, \
    -numa dist,src=4,dst=5,val=20
Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/jhjtux5edo2.mognet@arm.com

kernel/sched/topology.c

@@ -675,6 +675,7 @@ cpu_attach_domain(struct sched_domain *sd, struct root_domain *rd, int cpu)
 {
 	struct rq *rq = cpu_rq(cpu);
 	struct sched_domain *tmp;
+	int numa_distance = 0;
 
 	/* Remove the sched domains which do not contribute to scheduling. */
 	for (tmp = sd; tmp; ) {
@@ -706,6 +707,38 @@ cpu_attach_domain(struct sched_domain *sd, struct root_domain *rd, int cpu)
 			sd->child = NULL;
 	}
 
+	for (tmp = sd; tmp; tmp = tmp->parent)
+		numa_distance += !!(tmp->flags & SD_NUMA);
+
+	/*
+	 * FIXME: Diameter >=3 is misrepresented.
+	 *
+	 * Smallest diameter=3 topology is:
+	 *
+	 *   node   0   1   2   3
+	 *     0:  10  20  30  40
+	 *     1:  20  10  20  30
+	 *     2:  30  20  10  20
+	 *     3:  40  30  20  10
+	 *
+	 *   0 --- 1 --- 2 --- 3
+	 *
+	 * NUMA-3	0-3		N/A		N/A		0-3
+	 *  groups:	{0-2},{1-3}					{1-3},{0-2}
+	 *
+	 * NUMA-2	0-2		0-3		0-3		1-3
+	 *  groups:	{0-1},{1-3}	{0-2},{2-3}	{1-3},{0-1}	{2-3},{0-2}
+	 *
+	 * NUMA-1	0-1		0-2		1-3		2-3
+	 *  groups:	{0},{1}		{1},{2},{0}	{2},{3},{1}	{3},{2}
+	 *
+	 * NUMA-0	0		1		2		3
+	 *
+	 * The NUMA-2 groups for nodes 0 and 3 are obviously buggered, as the
+	 * group span isn't a subset of the domain span.
+	 */
+	WARN_ONCE(numa_distance > 2, "Shortest NUMA path spans too many nodes\n");
+
 	sched_domain_debug(sd, cpu);
 
 	rq_attach_root(rq, rd);