bpf: improve deduction of 64-bit bounds from 32-bit bounds

Add a few interesting cases in which we can tighten 64-bit bounds based
on newly learnt information about 32-bit bounds. E.g., when full u64/s64
registers are used in BPF program, and then eventually compared as
u32/s32. The latter comparison doesn't change the value of full
register, but it does impose new restrictions on possible lower 32 bits
of such full registers. And we can use that to derive additional full
register bounds information.
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Shung-Hsi Yu <shung-hsi.yu@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231102033759.2541186-8-andrii@kernel.orgSigned-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

kernel/bpf/verifier.c

@@ -2536,10 +2536,54 @@ static void __reg64_deduce_bounds(struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
 	}
 }
 
+static void __reg_deduce_mixed_bounds(struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
+{
+	/* Try to tighten 64-bit bounds from 32-bit knowledge, using 32-bit
+	 * values on both sides of 64-bit range in hope to have tigher range.
+	 * E.g., if r1 is [0x1'00000000, 0x3'80000000], and we learn from
+	 * 32-bit signed > 0 operation that s32 bounds are now [1; 0x7fffffff].
+	 * With this, we can substitute 1 as low 32-bits of _low_ 64-bit bound
+	 * (0x100000000 -> 0x100000001) and 0x7fffffff as low 32-bits of
+	 * _high_ 64-bit bound (0x380000000 -> 0x37fffffff) and arrive at a
+	 * better overall bounds for r1 as [0x1'000000001; 0x3'7fffffff].
+	 * We just need to make sure that derived bounds we are intersecting
+	 * with are well-formed ranges in respecitve s64 or u64 domain, just
+	 * like we do with similar kinds of 32-to-64 or 64-to-32 adjustments.
+	 */
+	__u64 new_umin, new_umax;
+	__s64 new_smin, new_smax;
+
+	/* u32 -> u64 tightening, it's always well-formed */
+	new_umin = (reg->umin_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | reg->u32_min_value;
+	new_umax = (reg->umax_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | reg->u32_max_value;
+	reg->umin_value = max_t(u64, reg->umin_value, new_umin);
+	reg->umax_value = min_t(u64, reg->umax_value, new_umax);
+	/* u32 -> s64 tightening, u32 range embedded into s64 preserves range validity */
+	new_smin = (reg->smin_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | reg->u32_min_value;
+	new_smax = (reg->smax_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | reg->u32_max_value;
+	reg->smin_value = max_t(s64, reg->smin_value, new_smin);
+	reg->smax_value = min_t(s64, reg->smax_value, new_smax);
+
+	/* if s32 can be treated as valid u32 range, we can use it as well */
+	if ((u32)reg->s32_min_value <= (u32)reg->s32_max_value) {
+		/* s32 -> u64 tightening */
+		new_umin = (reg->umin_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | (u32)reg->s32_min_value;
+		new_umax = (reg->umax_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | (u32)reg->s32_max_value;
+		reg->umin_value = max_t(u64, reg->umin_value, new_umin);
+		reg->umax_value = min_t(u64, reg->umax_value, new_umax);
+		/* s32 -> s64 tightening */
+		new_smin = (reg->smin_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | (u32)reg->s32_min_value;
+		new_smax = (reg->smax_value & ~0xffffffffULL) | (u32)reg->s32_max_value;
+		reg->smin_value = max_t(s64, reg->smin_value, new_smin);
+		reg->smax_value = min_t(s64, reg->smax_value, new_smax);
+	}
+}
+
 static void __reg_deduce_bounds(struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
 {
 	__reg32_deduce_bounds(reg);
 	__reg64_deduce_bounds(reg);
+	__reg_deduce_mixed_bounds(reg);
 }
 
 /* Attempts to improve var_off based on unsigned min/max information */