Merge branch 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull x86 mm changes from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main change in this cycle is the rework of the TLB range flushing
  code, to simplify, fix and consolidate the code.  By Dave Hansen"

* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/mm: Set TLB flush tunable to sane value (33)
  x86/mm: New tunable for single vs full TLB flush
  x86/mm: Add tracepoints for TLB flushes
  x86/mm: Unify remote INVLPG code
  x86/mm: Fix missed global TLB flush stat
  x86/mm: Rip out complicated, out-of-date, buggy TLB flushing
  x86/mm: Clean up the TLB flushing code
  x86/smep: Be more informative when signalling an SMEP fault

Documentation/x86/tlb.txt

+When the kernel unmaps or modified the attributes of a range of
+memory, it has two choices:
+ 1. Flush the entire TLB with a two-instruction sequence.  This is
+    a quick operation, but it causes collateral damage: TLB entries
+    from areas other than the one we are trying to flush will be
+    destroyed and must be refilled later, at some cost.
+ 2. Use the invlpg instruction to invalidate a single page at a
+    time.  This could potentialy cost many more instructions, but
+    it is a much more precise operation, causing no collateral
+    damage to other TLB entries.
+
+Which method to do depends on a few things:
+ 1. The size of the flush being performed.  A flush of the entire
+    address space is obviously better performed by flushing the
+    entire TLB than doing 2^48/PAGE_SIZE individual flushes.
+ 2. The contents of the TLB.  If the TLB is empty, then there will
+    be no collateral damage caused by doing the global flush, and
+    all of the individual flush will have ended up being wasted
+    work.
+ 3. The size of the TLB.  The larger the TLB, the more collateral
+    damage we do with a full flush.  So, the larger the TLB, the
+    more attrative an individual flush looks.  Data and
+    instructions have separate TLBs, as do different page sizes.
+ 4. The microarchitecture.  The TLB has become a multi-level
+    cache on modern CPUs, and the global flushes have become more
+    expensive relative to single-page flushes.
+
+There is obviously no way the kernel can know all these things,
+especially the contents of the TLB during a given flush.  The
+sizes of the flush will vary greatly depending on the workload as
+well.  There is essentially no "right" point to choose.
+
+You may be doing too many individual invalidations if you see the
+invlpg instruction (or instructions _near_ it) show up high in
+profiles.  If you believe that individual invalidations being
+called too often, you can lower the tunable:
+
+	/sys/debug/kernel/x86/tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling
+
+This will cause us to do the global flush for more cases.
+Lowering it to 0 will disable the use of the individual flushes.
+Setting it to 1 is a very conservative setting and it should
+never need to be 0 under normal circumstances.
+
+Despite the fact that a single individual flush on x86 is
+guaranteed to flush a full 2MB [1], hugetlbfs always uses the full
+flushes.  THP is treated exactly the same as normal memory.
+
+You might see invlpg inside of flush_tlb_mm_range() show up in
+profiles, or you can use the trace_tlb_flush() tracepoints. to
+determine how long the flush operations are taking.
+
+Essentially, you are balancing the cycles you spend doing invlpg
+with the cycles that you spend refilling the TLB later.
+
+You can measure how expensive TLB refills are by using
+performance counters and 'perf stat', like this:
+
+perf stat -e
+	cpu/event=0x8,umask=0x84,name=dtlb_load_misses_walk_duration/,
+	cpu/event=0x8,umask=0x82,name=dtlb_load_misses_walk_completed/,
+	cpu/event=0x49,umask=0x4,name=dtlb_store_misses_walk_duration/,
+	cpu/event=0x49,umask=0x2,name=dtlb_store_misses_walk_completed/,
+	cpu/event=0x85,umask=0x4,name=itlb_misses_walk_duration/,
+	cpu/event=0x85,umask=0x2,name=itlb_misses_walk_completed/
+
+That works on an IvyBridge-era CPU (i5-3320M).  Different CPUs
+may have differently-named counters, but they should at least
+be there in some form.  You can use pmu-tools 'ocperf list'
+(https://github.com/andikleen/pmu-tools) to find the right
+counters for a given CPU.
+
+1. A footnote in Intel's SDM "4.10.4.2 Recommended Invalidation"
+   says: "One execution of INVLPG is sufficient even for a page
+   with size greater than 4 KBytes."

arch/x86/include/asm/mmu_context.h

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 
 #include <asm/desc.h>
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+
+#include <trace/events/tlb.h>
+
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
@@ -44,6 +48,7 @@ static inline void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
 
 		/* Re-load page tables */
 		load_cr3(next->pgd);
+		trace_tlb_flush(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
 
 		/* Stop flush ipis for the previous mm */
 		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(prev));
@@ -71,6 +76,7 @@ static inline void switch_mm(struct mm_struct *prev, struct mm_struct *next,
 			 * to make sure to use no freed page tables.
 			 */
 			load_cr3(next->pgd);
+			trace_tlb_flush(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
 			load_LDT_nolock(&next->context);
 		}
 	}

arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h

@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ extern u16 __read_mostly tlb_lld_4k[NR_INFO];
 extern u16 __read_mostly tlb_lld_2m[NR_INFO];
 extern u16 __read_mostly tlb_lld_4m[NR_INFO];
 extern u16 __read_mostly tlb_lld_1g[NR_INFO];
-extern s8  __read_mostly tlb_flushall_shift;
 
 /*
  *  CPU type and hardware bug flags. Kept separately for each CPU.

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/amd.c

@@ -724,11 +724,6 @@ static unsigned int amd_size_cache(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c, unsigned int size)
 }
 #endif
 
-static void cpu_set_tlb_flushall_shift(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
-{
-	tlb_flushall_shift = 6;
-}
-
 static void cpu_detect_tlb_amd(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 {
 	u32 ebx, eax, ecx, edx;
@@ -776,8 +771,6 @@ static void cpu_detect_tlb_amd(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 		tlb_lli_2m[ENTRIES] = eax & mask;
 
 	tlb_lli_4m[ENTRIES] = tlb_lli_2m[ENTRIES] >> 1;
-
-	cpu_set_tlb_flushall_shift(c);
 }
 
 static const struct cpu_dev amd_cpu_dev = {

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c

@@ -481,26 +481,17 @@ u16 __read_mostly tlb_lld_2m[NR_INFO];
 u16 __read_mostly tlb_lld_4m[NR_INFO];
 u16 __read_mostly tlb_lld_1g[NR_INFO];
 
-/*
- * tlb_flushall_shift shows the balance point in replacing cr3 write
- * with multiple 'invlpg'. It will do this replacement when
- *   flush_tlb_lines <= active_lines/2^tlb_flushall_shift.
- * If tlb_flushall_shift is -1, means the replacement will be disabled.
- */
-s8  __read_mostly tlb_flushall_shift = -1;
-
 void cpu_detect_tlb(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 {
 	if (this_cpu->c_detect_tlb)
 		this_cpu->c_detect_tlb(c);
 
 	printk(KERN_INFO "Last level iTLB entries: 4KB %d, 2MB %d, 4MB %d\n"
-		"Last level dTLB entries: 4KB %d, 2MB %d, 4MB %d, 1GB %d\n"
-		"tlb_flushall_shift: %d\n",
+		"Last level dTLB entries: 4KB %d, 2MB %d, 4MB %d, 1GB %d\n",
 		tlb_lli_4k[ENTRIES], tlb_lli_2m[ENTRIES],
 		tlb_lli_4m[ENTRIES], tlb_lld_4k[ENTRIES],
 		tlb_lld_2m[ENTRIES], tlb_lld_4m[ENTRIES],
-		tlb_lld_1g[ENTRIES], tlb_flushall_shift);
+		tlb_lld_1g[ENTRIES]);
 }
 
 void detect_ht(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)

arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel.c

@@ -634,31 +634,6 @@ static void intel_tlb_lookup(const unsigned char desc)
 	}
 }
 
-static void intel_tlb_flushall_shift_set(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
-{
-	switch ((c->x86 << 8) + c->x86_model) {
-	case 0x60f: /* original 65 nm celeron/pentium/core2/xeon, "Merom"/"Conroe" */
-	case 0x616: /* single-core 65 nm celeron/core2solo "Merom-L"/"Conroe-L" */
-	case 0x617: /* current 45 nm celeron/core2/xeon "Penryn"/"Wolfdale" */
-	case 0x61d: /* six-core 45 nm xeon "Dunnington" */
-		tlb_flushall_shift = -1;
-		break;
-	case 0x63a: /* Ivybridge */
-		tlb_flushall_shift = 2;
-		break;
-	case 0x61a: /* 45 nm nehalem, "Bloomfield" */
-	case 0x61e: /* 45 nm nehalem, "Lynnfield" */
-	case 0x625: /* 32 nm nehalem, "Clarkdale" */
-	case 0x62c: /* 32 nm nehalem, "Gulftown" */
-	case 0x62e: /* 45 nm nehalem-ex, "Beckton" */
-	case 0x62f: /* 32 nm Xeon E7 */
-	case 0x62a: /* SandyBridge */
-	case 0x62d: /* SandyBridge, "Romely-EP" */
-	default:
-		tlb_flushall_shift = 6;
-	}
-}
-
 static void intel_detect_tlb(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 {
 	int i, j, n;
@@ -683,7 +658,6 @@ static void intel_detect_tlb(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
 		for (j = 1 ; j < 16 ; j++)
 			intel_tlb_lookup(desc[j]);
 	}
-	intel_tlb_flushall_shift_set(c);
 }
 
 static const struct cpu_dev intel_cpu_dev = {

arch/x86/mm/fault.c

@@ -577,6 +577,8 @@ static int is_f00f_bug(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
 
 static const char nx_warning[] = KERN_CRIT
 "kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n";
+static const char smep_warning[] = KERN_CRIT
+"unable to execute userspace code (SMEP?) (uid: %d)\n";
 
 static void
 show_fault_oops(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
@@ -597,6 +599,10 @@ show_fault_oops(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
 
 		if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && !pte_exec(*pte))
 			printk(nx_warning, from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()));
+		if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && pte_exec(*pte) &&
+				(pgd_flags(*pgd) & _PAGE_USER) &&
+				(read_cr4() & X86_CR4_SMEP))
+			printk(smep_warning, from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()));
 	}
 
 	printk(KERN_ALERT "BUG: unable to handle kernel ");

arch/x86/mm/init.c

@@ -18,6 +18,13 @@
 #include <asm/dma.h>		/* for MAX_DMA_PFN */
 #include <asm/microcode.h>
 
+/*
+ * We need to define the tracepoints somewhere, and tlb.c
+ * is only compied when SMP=y.
+ */
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/tlb.h>
+
 #include "mm_internal.h"
 
 static unsigned long __initdata pgt_buf_start;

arch/x86/mm/tlb.c

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ void leave_mm(int cpu)
 	if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(active_mm))) {
 		cpumask_clear_cpu(cpu, mm_cpumask(active_mm));
 		load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
+		trace_tlb_flush(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
 	}
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(leave_mm);
@@ -102,20 +103,24 @@ static void flush_tlb_func(void *info)
 
 	if (f->flush_mm != this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.active_mm))
 		return;
+	if (!f->flush_end)
+		f->flush_end = f->flush_start + PAGE_SIZE;
 
 	count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH_RECEIVED);
 	if (this_cpu_read(cpu_tlbstate.state) == TLBSTATE_OK) {
-		if (f->flush_end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL)
+		if (f->flush_end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL) {
 			local_flush_tlb();
-		else if (!f->flush_end)
-			__flush_tlb_single(f->flush_start);
-		else {
+			trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
+		} else {
 			unsigned long addr;
+			unsigned long nr_pages =
+				f->flush_end - f->flush_start / PAGE_SIZE;
 			addr = f->flush_start;
 			while (addr < f->flush_end) {
 				__flush_tlb_single(addr);
 				addr += PAGE_SIZE;
 			}
+			trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN, nr_pages);
 		}
 	} else
 		leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
@@ -153,46 +158,45 @@ void flush_tlb_current_task(void)
 
 	count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ALL);
 	local_flush_tlb();
+	trace_tlb_flush(TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
 	if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm), smp_processor_id()) < nr_cpu_ids)
 		flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), mm, 0UL, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
 	preempt_enable();
 }
 
+/*
+ * See Documentation/x86/tlb.txt for details.  We choose 33
+ * because it is large enough to cover the vast majority (at
+ * least 95%) of allocations, and is small enough that we are
+ * confident it will not cause too much overhead.  Each single
+ * flush is about 100 ns, so this caps the maximum overhead at
+ * _about_ 3,000 ns.
+ *
+ * This is in units of pages.
+ */
+unsigned long tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling = 33;
+
 void flush_tlb_mm_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
 				unsigned long end, unsigned long vmflag)
 {
 	unsigned long addr;
-	unsigned act_entries, tlb_entries = 0;
-	unsigned long nr_base_pages;
+	/* do a global flush by default */
+	unsigned long base_pages_to_flush = TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
 
 	preempt_disable();
 	if (current->active_mm != mm)
-		goto flush_all;
+		goto out;
 
 	if (!current->mm) {
 		leave_mm(smp_processor_id());
-		goto flush_all;
+		goto out;
 	}
 
-	if (end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL || tlb_flushall_shift == -1
-					|| vmflag & VM_HUGETLB) {
-		local_flush_tlb();
-		goto flush_all;
-	}
-
-	/* In modern CPU, last level tlb used for both data/ins */
-	if (vmflag & VM_EXEC)
-		tlb_entries = tlb_lli_4k[ENTRIES];
-	else
-		tlb_entries = tlb_lld_4k[ENTRIES];
+	if ((end != TLB_FLUSH_ALL) && !(vmflag & VM_HUGETLB))
+		base_pages_to_flush = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 
-	/* Assume all of TLB entries was occupied by this task */
-	act_entries = tlb_entries >> tlb_flushall_shift;
-	act_entries = mm->total_vm > act_entries ? act_entries : mm->total_vm;
-	nr_base_pages = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
-
-	/* tlb_flushall_shift is on balance point, details in commit log */
-	if (nr_base_pages > act_entries) {
+	if (base_pages_to_flush > tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling) {
+		base_pages_to_flush = TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
 		count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ALL);
 		local_flush_tlb();
 	} else {
@@ -201,17 +205,15 @@ void flush_tlb_mm_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start,
 			count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_LOCAL_FLUSH_ONE);
 			__flush_tlb_single(addr);
 		}
-
-		if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm),
-				smp_processor_id()) < nr_cpu_ids)
-			flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), mm, start, end);
-		preempt_enable();
-		return;
 	}
-
-flush_all:
+	trace_tlb_flush(TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN, base_pages_to_flush);
+out:
+	if (base_pages_to_flush == TLB_FLUSH_ALL) {
+		start = 0UL;
+		end = TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
+	}
 	if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm), smp_processor_id()) < nr_cpu_ids)
-		flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), mm, 0UL, TLB_FLUSH_ALL);
+		flush_tlb_others(mm_cpumask(mm), mm, start, end);
 	preempt_enable();
 }
 
@@ -260,32 +262,26 @@ static void do_kernel_range_flush(void *info)
 
 void flush_tlb_kernel_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 {
-	unsigned act_entries;
-	struct flush_tlb_info info;
-
-	/* In modern CPU, last level tlb used for both data/ins */
-	act_entries = tlb_lld_4k[ENTRIES];
 
 	/* Balance as user space task's flush, a bit conservative */
-	if (end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL || tlb_flushall_shift == -1 ||
-		(end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT > act_entries >> tlb_flushall_shift)
-
+	if (end == TLB_FLUSH_ALL ||
+	    (end - start) > tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling * PAGE_SIZE) {
 		on_each_cpu(do_flush_tlb_all, NULL, 1);
-	else {
+	} else {
+		struct flush_tlb_info info;
 		info.flush_start = start;
 		info.flush_end = end;
 		on_each_cpu(do_kernel_range_flush, &info, 1);
 	}
 }
 
-#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_TLBFLUSH
 static ssize_t tlbflush_read_file(struct file *file, char __user *user_buf,
 			     size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	char buf[32];
 	unsigned int len;
 
-	len = sprintf(buf, "%hd\n", tlb_flushall_shift);
+	len = sprintf(buf, "%ld\n", tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling);
 	return simple_read_from_buffer(user_buf, count, ppos, buf, len);
 }
 
@@ -294,20 +290,20 @@ static ssize_t tlbflush_write_file(struct file *file,
 {
 	char buf[32];
 	ssize_t len;
-	s8 shift;
+	int ceiling;
 
 	len = min(count, sizeof(buf) - 1);
 	if (copy_from_user(buf, user_buf, len))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
 	buf[len] = '\0';
-	if (kstrtos8(buf, 0, &shift))
+	if (kstrtoint(buf, 0, &ceiling))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	if (shift < -1 || shift >= BITS_PER_LONG)
+	if (ceiling < 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	tlb_flushall_shift = shift;
+	tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling = ceiling;
 	return count;
 }
 
@@ -317,11 +313,10 @@ static const struct file_operations fops_tlbflush = {
 	.llseek = default_llseek,
 };
 
-static int __init create_tlb_flushall_shift(void)
+static int __init create_tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling(void)
 {
-	debugfs_create_file("tlb_flushall_shift", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
+	debugfs_create_file("tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR,
 			    arch_debugfs_dir, NULL, &fops_tlbflush);
 	return 0;
 }
-late_initcall(create_tlb_flushall_shift);
-#endif
+late_initcall(create_tlb_single_page_flush_ceiling);

include/linux/mm_types.h

@@ -516,4 +516,12 @@ struct vm_special_mapping
 	struct page **pages;
 };
 
+enum tlb_flush_reason {
+	TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH,
+	TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN,
+	TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN,
+	TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN,
+	NR_TLB_FLUSH_REASONS,
+};
+
 #endif /* _LINUX_MM_TYPES_H */

include/trace/events/tlb.h

+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM tlb
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_TLB_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_TLB_H
+
+#include <linux/mm_types.h>
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+
+#define TLB_FLUSH_REASON	\
+	{ TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH,	"flush on task switch" },	\
+	{ TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN,		"remote shootdown" },		\
+	{ TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN,		"local shootdown" },		\
+	{ TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN,	"local mm shootdown" }
+
+TRACE_EVENT(tlb_flush,
+
+	TP_PROTO(int reason, unsigned long pages),
+	TP_ARGS(reason, pages),
+
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(	  int, reason)
+		__field(unsigned long,  pages)
+	),
+
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->reason = reason;
+		__entry->pages  = pages;
+	),
+
+	TP_printk("pages:%ld reason:%s (%d)",
+		__entry->pages,
+		__print_symbolic(__entry->reason, TLB_FLUSH_REASON),
+		__entry->reason)
+);
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_TLB_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>