Patch series "mm: mapcount for large folios + page_mapcount() cleanups".

This series tracks the mapcount of large folios in a single value, so it
can be read efficiently and atomically, just like the mapcount of small
folios.

folio_mapcount() is then used in a couple more places, most notably to
reduce false negatives in folio_likely_mapped_shared(), and many users of
page_mapcount() are cleaned up (that's maybe why you got CCed on the full
series, sorry sh+xtensa folks!  :) ).

The remaining s390x user and one KSM user of page_mapcount() are getting
removed separately on the list right now.  I have patches to handle the
other KSM one, the khugepaged one and the kpagecount one; as they are not
as "obvious", I will send them out separately in the future.  Once that is
all in place, I'm planning on moving page_mapcount() into
fs/proc/task_mmu.c, the remaining user for the time being (and we can
discuss at LSF/MM details on that :) ).

I proposed the mapcount for large folios (previously called total
mapcount) originally in part of [1] and I later included it in [2] where
it is a requirement.  In the meantime, I changed the patch a bit so I
dropped all RB's.  During the discussion of [1], Peter Xu correctly raised
that this additional tracking might affect the performance when PMD->PTE
remapping THPs.  In the meantime.  I addressed that by batching RMAP
operations during fork(), unmap/zap and when PMD->PTE remapping THPs.

Running some of my micro-benchmarks [3] (fork,munmap,cow-byte,remap) on 1
GiB of memory backed by folios with the same order, I observe the
following on an Intel(R) Xeon(R) Silver 4210R CPU @ 2.40GHz tuned for
reproducible results as much as possible:

Standard deviation is mostly < 1%, except for order-9, where it's < 2% for
fork() and munmap().

(1) Small folios are not affected (< 1%) in all 4 microbenchmarks.
(2) Order-4 folios are not affected (< 1%) in all 4 microbenchmarks. A bit
    weird comapred to the other orders ...
(3) PMD->PTE remapping of order-9 THPs is not affected (< 1%)
(4) COW-byte (COWing a single page by writing a single byte) is not
    affected for any order (< 1 %). The page copy_fault overhead dominates
    everything.
(5) fork() is mostly not affected (< 1%), except order-2, where we have
    a slowdown of ~4%. Already for order-3 folios, we're down to a slowdown
    of < 1%.
(6) munmap() sees a slowdown by < 3% for some orders (order-5,
    order-6, order-9), but less for others (< 1% for order-4 and order-8,
    < 2% for order-2, order-3, order-7).

Especially the fork() and munmap() benchmark are sensitive to each added
instruction and other system noise, so I suspect some of the change and
observed weirdness (order-4) is due to code layout changes and other
factors, but not really due to the added atomics.

So in the common case where we can batch, the added atomics don't really
make a big difference, especially in light of the recent improvements for
large folios that we recently gained due to batching.  Surprisingly, for
some cases where we cannot batch (e.g., COW), the added atomics don't seem
to matter, because other overhead dominates.

My fork and munmap micro-benchmarks don't cover cases where we cannot
batch-process bigger parts of large folios.  As this is not the common
case, I'm not worrying about that right now.

Future work is batching RMAP operations during swapout and folio
migration.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230809083256.699513-1-david@redhat.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231124132626.235350-1-david@redhat.com/
[3] https://gitlab.com/davidhildenbrand/scratchspace/-/raw/main/pte-mapped-folio-benchmarks.c?ref_type=heads


This patch (of 18):

Commit 53277bcf126d ("mm: support page_mapcount() on page_has_type()
pages") made it impossible to detect mapcount underflows by treating any
negative raw mapcount value as a mapcount of 0.

We perform such underflow checks in zap_present_folio_ptes() and
zap_huge_pmd(), which would currently no longer trigger.

Let's check against PAGE_MAPCOUNT_RESERVE instead by using
page_type_has_type(), like page_has_type() would, so we can still catch
some underflows.

[david@redhat.com: make page_mapcount() slighly more efficient]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1af4fd61-7926-47c8-be45-833c0dbec08b@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240409192301.907377-1-david@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240409192301.907377-2-david@redhat.com
Fixes: 53277bcf126d ("mm: support page_mapcount() on page_has_type() pages")
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <nao.horiguchi@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Cc: Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: Yin Fengwei <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

follow_pte() is now our main function to lookup PTEs in VM_PFNMAP/VM_IO
VMAs.  Let's perform some more sanity checks to make this exported
function harder to abuse.

Further, extend the doc a bit, it still focuses on the KVM use case with
MMU notifiers.  Drop the KVM+follow_pfn() comment, follow_pfn() is no
more, and we have other users nowadays.

Also extend the doc regarding refcounted pages and the interaction with
MMU notifiers.

KVM is one example that uses MMU notifiers and can deal with refcounted
pages properly.  VFIO is one example that doesn't use MMU notifiers, and
to prevent use-after-free, rejects refcounted pages: pfn_valid(pfn) &&
!PageReserved(pfn_to_page(pfn)).  Protection changes are less of a concern
for users like VFIO: the behavior is similar to longterm-pinning a page,
and getting the PTE protection changed afterwards.

The primary concern with refcounted pages is use-after-free, which callers
should be aware of.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240410155527.474777-4-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Fei Li <fei1.li@intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: Yonghua Huang <yonghua.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

... and centralize the VM_IO/VM_PFNMAP sanity check in there. We'll
now also perform these sanity checks for direct follow_pte()
invocations.

For generic_access_phys(), we might now check multiple times: nothing to
worry about, really.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240410155527.474777-3-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>	[KVM]
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Fei Li <fei1.li@intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Yonghua Huang <yonghua.huang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "mm: follow_pte() improvements and acrn follow_pte() fixes".

Patch #1 fixes a bunch of issues I spotted in the acrn driver.  It
compiles, that's all I know.  I'll appreciate some review and testing from
acrn folks.

Patch #2+#3 improve follow_pte(), passing a VMA instead of the MM, adding
more sanity checks, and improving the documentation.  Gave it a quick test
on x86-64 using VM_PAT that ends up using follow_pte().


This patch (of 3):

We currently miss handling various cases, resulting in a dangerous
follow_pte() (previously follow_pfn()) usage.

(1) We're not checking PTE write permissions.

Maybe we should simply always require pte_write() like we do for
pin_user_pages_fast(FOLL_WRITE)? Hard to tell, so let's check for
ACRN_MEM_ACCESS_WRITE for now.

(2) We're not rejecting refcounted pages.

As we are not using MMU notifiers, messing with refcounted pages is
dangerous and can result in use-after-free. Let's make sure to reject them.

(3) We are only looking at the first PTE of a bigger range.

We only lookup a single PTE, but memmap->len may span a larger area.
Let's loop over all involved PTEs and make sure the PFN range is
actually contiguous. Reject everything else: it couldn't have worked
either way, and rather made use access PFNs we shouldn't be accessing.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240410155527.474777-1-david@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240410155527.474777-2-david@redhat.com
Fixes: 8a6e85f7 ("virt: acrn: obtain pa from VMA with PFNMAP flag")
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Fei Li <fei1.li@intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Yonghua Huang <yonghua.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

During reviewing a patch to fix the race condition between
free_swap_and_cache() and swapoff() [1], it was found that the document
about how to prevent racing with swapoff isn't clear enough.  Especially
RCU read lock can prevent swapoff from freeing data structures.  So, the
document is added as comments.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/c8fe62d0-78b8-527a-5bef-ee663ccdc37a@huawei.com/

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240407065450.498821-1-ying.huang@intel.comSigned-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

accountable_mapping() can return bool, so change it.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240407063843.804274-1-gehao@kylinos.cnSigned-off-by: Hao Ge <gehao@kylinos.cn>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

vma_wants_writenotify() should return bool, so change it.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240407062653.803142-1-gehao@kylinos.cnSigned-off-by: Hao Ge <gehao@kylinos.cn>
Cc: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The current implementation treats emulated memory devices, such as CXL1.1
type3 memory, as normal DRAM when they are emulated as normal memory
(E820_TYPE_RAM).  However, these emulated devices have different
characteristics than traditional DRAM, making it important to distinguish
them.  Thus, we modify the tiered memory initialization process to
introduce a delay specifically for CPUless NUMA nodes.  This delay ensures
that the memory tier initialization for these nodes is deferred until HMAT
information is obtained during the boot process.  Finally, demotion tables
are recalculated at the end.

* late_initcall(memory_tier_late_init);
  Some device drivers may have initialized memory tiers between
  `memory_tier_init()` and `memory_tier_late_init()`, potentially bringing
  online memory nodes and configuring memory tiers.  They should be
  excluded in the late init.

* Handle cases where there is no HMAT when creating memory tiers
  There is a scenario where a CPUless node does not provide HMAT
  information.  If no HMAT is specified, it falls back to using the
  default DRAM tier.

* Introduce another new lock `default_dram_perf_lock` for adist
  calculation In the current implementation, iterating through CPUlist
  nodes requires holding the `memory_tier_lock`.  However,
  `mt_calc_adistance()` will end up trying to acquire the same lock,
  leading to a potential deadlock.  Therefore, we propose introducing a
  standalone `default_dram_perf_lock` to protect `default_dram_perf_*`. 
  This approach not only avoids deadlock but also prevents holding a large
  lock simultaneously.

* Upgrade `set_node_memory_tier` to support additional cases, including
  default DRAM, late CPUless, and hot-plugged initializations.  To cover
  hot-plugged memory nodes, `mt_calc_adistance()` and
  `mt_find_alloc_memory_type()` are moved into `set_node_memory_tier()` to
  handle cases where memtype is not initialized and where HMAT information
  is available.

* Introduce `default_memory_types` for those memory types that are not
  initialized by device drivers.  Because late initialized memory and
  default DRAM memory need to be managed, a default memory type is created
  for storing all memory types that are not initialized by device drivers
  and as a fallback.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405000707.2670063-3-horenchuang@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: Ho-Ren (Jack) Chuang <horenchuang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Hao Xiang <hao.xiang@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Cc: Gregory Price <gourry.memverge@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Ravi Jonnalagadda <ravis.opensrc@micron.com>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Cc: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawie.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

memory tier: dax/kmem: introduce an abstract layer for finding, allocating, and putting memory types

Patch series "Improved Memory Tier Creation for CPUless NUMA Nodes", v11.

When a memory device, such as CXL1.1 type3 memory, is emulated as normal
memory (E820_TYPE_RAM), the memory device is indistinguishable from normal
DRAM in terms of memory tiering with the current implementation.  The
current memory tiering assigns all detected normal memory nodes to the
same DRAM tier.  This results in normal memory devices with different
attributions being unable to be assigned to the correct memory tier,
leading to the inability to migrate pages between different types of
memory. 
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/PH0PR08MB7955E9F08CCB64F23963B5C3A860A@PH0PR08MB7955.namprd08.prod.outlook.com/T/

This patchset automatically resolves the issues.  It delays the
initialization of memory tiers for CPUless NUMA nodes until they obtain
HMAT information and after all devices are initialized at boot time,
eliminating the need for user intervention.  If no HMAT is specified, it
falls back to using `default_dram_type`.

Example usecase:
We have CXL memory on the host, and we create VMs with a new system memory
device backed by host CXL memory.  We inject CXL memory performance
attributes through QEMU, and the guest now sees memory nodes with
performance attributes in HMAT.  With this change, we enable the guest
kernel to construct the correct memory tiering for the memory nodes.


This patch (of 2):

Since different memory devices require finding, allocating, and putting
memory types, these common steps are abstracted in this patch, enhancing
the scalability and conciseness of the code.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405000707.2670063-1-horenchuang@bytedance.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405000707.2670063-2-horenchuang@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: Ho-Ren (Jack) Chuang <horenchuang@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawie.com>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Cc: Gregory Price <gourry.memverge@gmail.com>
Cc: Hao Xiang <hao.xiang@bytedance.com>
Cc: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Ravi Jonnalagadda <ravis.opensrc@micron.com>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

As Vlastimil suggested in previous discussion[1], it doesn't make sense to
set pageblock_order as MAX_PAGE_ORDER when hugetlbfs is not enabled and
THP is enabled.  Instead, it should be set to HPAGE_PMD_ORDER.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/76457ec5-d789-449b-b8ca-dcb6ceb12445@suse.cz/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/3d57d253070035bdc0f6d6e5681ce1ed0e1934f7.1712286863.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.comSigned-off-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Suggested-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Both callers already have a folio; pass it in and save a few calls to
compound_head().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405153228.2563754-6-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

It's now obvious that __folio_put_small() and __folio_put_large() do
almost exactly the same thing.  Inline them both into __folio_put().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405153228.2563754-5-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

destroy_large_folio() has only one caller, move its contents there.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405153228.2563754-4-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The pcp_allowed_order() check in free_the_page() was only being skipped by
__folio_put_small() which is about to be rearranged.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405153228.2563754-3-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "Clean up __folio_put()".

With all the changes over the last few years, __folio_put_small and
__folio_put_large have become almost identical to each other ...  except
you can't tell because they're spread over two files.  Rearrange it all so
that you can tell, and then inline them both into __folio_put().


This patch (of 5):

free_unref_folios() can now handle non-hugetlb large folios, so keep
normal large folios in the batch.  hugetlb folios still need to be handled
specially.

[peterx@redhat.com: fix panic]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ZikjPB0Dt5HA8-uL@x1n
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405153228.2563754-1-willy@infradead.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405153228.2563754-2-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Remove four hidden calls to compound_head().  Also exit early if the
filesystem block size is >= PAGE_SIZE instead of just equal to PAGE_SIZE.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405180038.2618624-1-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Pankaj Raghav <p.raghav@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The hugetlb_cma code passes 0 in the order_per_bit argument to
cma_declare_contiguous_nid (the alignment, computed using the page order,
is correctly passed in).

This causes a bit in the cma allocation bitmap to always represent a 4k
page, making the bitmaps potentially very large, and slower.

It would create bitmaps that would be pretty big.  E.g.  for a 4k page
size on x86, hugetlb_cma=64G would mean a bitmap size of (64G / 4k) / 8
== 2M.  With HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER as order_per_bit, as intended, this
would be (64G / 2M) / 8 == 4k.  So, that's quite a difference.

Also, this restricted the hugetlb_cma area to ((PAGE_SIZE <<
MAX_PAGE_ORDER) * 8) * PAGE_SIZE (e.g.  128G on x86) , since
bitmap_alloc uses normal page allocation, and is thus restricted by
MAX_PAGE_ORDER.  Specifying anything about that would fail the CMA
initialization.

So, correctly pass in the order instead.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240404162515.527802-2-fvdl@google.com
Fixes: cf11e85f ("mm: hugetlb: optionally allocate gigantic hugepages using cma")
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fvdl@google.com>
Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

cma_init_reserved_mem uses IS_ALIGNED to check if the size represented by
one bit in the cma allocation bitmask is aligned with
CMA_MIN_ALIGNMENT_BYTES (pageblock size).

However, this is too strict, as this will fail if order_per_bit >
pageblock_order, which is a valid configuration.

We could check IS_ALIGNED both ways, but since both numbers are powers of
two, no check is needed at all.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240404162515.527802-1-fvdl@google.com
Fixes: de9e14ee ("drivers: dma-contiguous: add initialization from device tree")
Signed-off-by: Frank van der Linden <fvdl@google.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Marek Szyprowski <m.szyprowski@samsung.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

These build errors only occur if one fails to first run "make headers". 
However, that is a non-obvious and instrusive requirement, and so there
was a discussion on how to get rid of it [1].  This uses that solution.

These two files were created by taking a snapshot of the generated header
files that are created via "make headers".  These two files were copied
from ./usr/include/linux/ to ./tools/include/uapi/linux/ .

That fixes the selftests/mm build on today's Arch Linux (which required
the userfaultfd.h) and Ubuntu 23.04 (which additionally required memfd.h).

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/783a4178-1dec-4e30-989a-5174b8176b09@redhat.com/

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240328033418.203790-3-jhubbard@nvidia.comSigned-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "Fix selftests/mm build without requiring "make headers"".

As mentioned in each patch, this implements the solution that we discussed
in December 2023, in [1].  This turned out to be very clean and easy.  It
should also be quite easy to maintain.

This should also make Peter Zijlstra happy, because it directly addresses
the root cause of his "NAK NAK NAK" reply [2].  :)

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/783a4178-1dec-4e30-989a-5174b8176b09@redhat.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20231103121652.GA6217@noisy.programming.kicks-ass.net/


This patch (of 2):

Use tools/include/uapi/ files instead.  These are obtained by taking a
snapshot: run "make headers" at the top level, then copy the desired
header file into the appropriate subdir in tools/uapi/.

This was discussed and solved in [1].

However, even before copying any additional files there, there are already
quite a few in tools/include/uapi already.  And these will immediately fix
a number of selftests/mm build failures.

So this patch:

a) Adds TOOLS_INCLUDES to selftests/lib.mk, so that all selftests can
   immediately and easily include the snapshotted header files.

b) Uses $(TOOLS_INCLUDES) in the selftests/mm build.  On today's Arch
   Linux, this already fixes all build errors except for a few
   userfaultfd.h (those will be addressed in a subsequent patch).

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/783a4178-1dec-4e30-989a-5174b8176b09@redhat.com/

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240328033418.203790-1-jhubbard@nvidia.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240328033418.203790-2-jhubbard@nvidia.comSigned-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

hugetlb_wp() can use the struct vm_fault passed in from hugetlb_fault().
This alleviates the stack by consolidating 5 variables into a single
struct.

[vishal.moola@gmail.com: simplify hugetlb_wp() arguments]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ZhQtoFNZBNwBCeXn@fedora
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240401202651.31440-4-vishal.moola@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

hugetlb_no_page() can use the struct vm_fault passed in from
hugetlb_fault(). This alleviates the stack by consolidating 7
variables into a single struct.

[vishal.moola@gmail.com:  simplify hugetlb_no_page() arguments]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ZhQtN8y5zud8iI1u@fedora
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240401202651.31440-3-vishal.moola@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "Hugetlb fault path to use struct vm_fault", v2.

This patchset converts the hugetlb fault path to use struct vm_fault. 
This helps make the code more readable, and alleviates the stack by
allowing us to consolidate many fault-related variables into an individual
pointer.


This patch (of 3):

Now that hugetlb_fault() has a vm_fault available for fault tracking, use
it throughout.  This cleans up the code by removing 2 variables, and
prepares hugetlb_fault() to take in a struct vm_fault argument.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240401202651.31440-1-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240401202651.31440-2-vishal.moola@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Since commit 3c6f33b7 ("mm/ksm: support fork/exec for prctl"), when a
child process is forked, the MMF_VM_MERGE_ANY flag will be inherited in
mm_init(). So, it's unnecessary to set the flag in ksm_fork().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240402024934.1093361-1-tujinjiang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: Jinjiang Tu <tujinjiang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Nanyong Sun <sunnanyong@huawei.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Cc: Stefan Roesch <shr@devkernel.io>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Let's fixup the remaining comments to consistently call that thing
"GUP-fast".  With this change, we consistently call it "GUP-fast".

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240402125516.223131-4-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Nowadays, we call it "GUP-fast", the external interface includes functions
like "get_user_pages_fast()", and we renamed all internal functions to
reflect that as well.

Let's make the config option reflect that.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240402125516.223131-3-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "mm/gup: consistently call it GUP-fast".

Some cleanups around function names, comments and the config option of
"GUP-fast" -- GUP without "lock" safety belts on.

With this cleanup it's easy to judge which functions are GUP-fast
specific.  We now consistently call it "GUP-fast", avoiding mixing it with
"fast GUP", "lockless", or simply "gup" (which I always considered
confusing in the ode).

So the magic now happens in functions that contain "gup_fast", whereby
gup_fast() is the entry point into that magic.  Comments consistently
reference either "GUP-fast" or "gup_fast()".


This patch (of 3):

Let's consistently call the "fast-only" part of GUP "GUP-fast" and rename
all relevant internal functions to start with "gup_fast", to make it
clearer that this is not ordinary GUP.  The current mixture of "lockless",
"gup" and "gup_fast" is confusing.

Further, avoid the term "huge" when talking about a "leaf" -- for example,
we nowadays check pmd_leaf() because pmd_huge() is gone.  For the
"hugepd"/"hugepte" stuff, it's part of the name ("is_hugepd"), so that
stays.

What remains is the "external" interface:
* get_user_pages_fast_only()
* get_user_pages_fast()
* pin_user_pages_fast()

The high-level internal functions for GUP-fast (+slow fallback) are now:
* internal_get_user_pages_fast() -> gup_fast_fallback()
* lockless_pages_from_mm() -> gup_fast()

The basic GUP-fast walker functions:
* gup_pgd_range() -> gup_fast_pgd_range()
* gup_p4d_range() -> gup_fast_p4d_range()
* gup_pud_range() -> gup_fast_pud_range()
* gup_pmd_range() -> gup_fast_pmd_range()
* gup_pte_range() -> gup_fast_pte_range()
* gup_huge_pgd()  -> gup_fast_pgd_leaf()
* gup_huge_pud()  -> gup_fast_pud_leaf()
* gup_huge_pmd()  -> gup_fast_pmd_leaf()

The weird hugepd stuff:
* gup_huge_pd() -> gup_fast_hugepd()
* gup_hugepte() -> gup_fast_hugepte()

The weird devmap stuff:
* __gup_device_huge_pud() -> gup_fast_devmap_pud_leaf()
* __gup_device_huge_pmd   -> gup_fast_devmap_pmd_leaf()
* __gup_device_huge()     -> gup_fast_devmap_leaf()
* undo_dev_pagemap()      -> gup_fast_undo_dev_pagemap()

Helper functions:
* unpin_user_pages_lockless() -> gup_fast_unpin_user_pages()
* gup_fast_folio_allowed() is already properly named
* gup_fast_permitted() is already properly named

With "gup_fast()", we now even have a function that is referred to in
comment in mm/mmu_gather.c.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240402125516.223131-1-david@redhat.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240402125516.223131-2-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (IBM) <rppt@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

While this function returned a folio, it was still using __alloc_pages()
and __free_pages().  Use __folio_alloc() and put_folio() instead.  This
actually removes a call to compound_head(), but more importantly, it
prepares us for the move to memdescs.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240402200656.913841-1-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Sidhartha Kumar <sidhartha.kumar@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

We don't actually use any parts of struct page; all we do is check the
value of the pointer.  So give the pointer the appropriate name & type.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240402201659.918308-1-willy@infradead.orgSigned-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The access_error() of vma is already checked under per-VMA lock, if it is
a bad access, directly handle error, no need to retry with mmap_lock
again.  In order to release the correct lock, pass the mm_struct into
bad_area_access_error().  If mm is NULL, release vma lock, or release
mmap_lock.  Since the page faut is handled under per-VMA lock, count it as
a vma lock event with VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-8-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.comReviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The vm_flags of vma already checked under per-VMA lock, if it is a bad
access, directly handle error, no need to retry with mmap_lock again. 
Since the page faut is handled under per-VMA lock, count it as a vma lock
event with VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-7-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The access_error() of vma already checked under per-VMA lock, if it is a
bad access, directly handle error, no need to retry with mmap_lock again. 
Since the page faut is handled under per-VMA lock, count it as a vma lock
event with VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS.

[wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com: use `cause' rather than SIGSEGV, per Alexandre]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ac978061-ce1a-40a4-8b0a-61883b42bea7@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-6-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com>
Tested-by: Alexandre Ghiti <alexghiti@rivosinc.com
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The access_[pkey]_error() of vma already checked under per-VMA lock, if it
is a bad access, directly handle error, no need to retry with mmap_lock
again.  In order to release the correct lock, pass the mm_struct into
bad_access_pkey()/bad_access(), if mm is NULL, release vma lock, or
release mmap_lock.  Since the page faut is handled under per-VMA lock,
count it as a vma lock event with VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-5-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc)
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The vm_flags of vma already checked under per-VMA lock, if it is a bad
access, directly set fault to VM_FAULT_BADACCESS and handle error, no need
to retry with mmap_lock again.  Since the page faut is handled under
per-VMA lock, count it as a vma lock event with VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-4-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

The vm_flags of vma already checked under per-VMA lock, if it is a bad
access, directly set fault to VM_FAULT_BADACCESS and handle error, no need
to retry with mmap_lock again, the latency time reduces 34% in 'lat_sig -P
1 prot lat_sig' from lmbench testcase.

Since the page fault is handled under per-VMA lock, count it as a vma lock
event with VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-3-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Patch series "arch/mm/fault: accelerate pagefault when badaccess", v2.

After VMA lock-based page fault handling enabled, if bad access met
under per-vma lock, it will fallback to mmap_lock-based handling,
so it leads to unnessary mmap lock and vma find again. A test from
lmbench shows 34% improve after this changes on arm64,

  lat_sig -P 1 prot lat_sig 0.29194 -> 0.19198


This patch (of 7):

The __do_page_fault() only calls handle_mm_fault() after vm_flags checked,
and it is only called by do_page_fault(), let's squash it into
do_page_fault() to cleanup code.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240403083805.1818160-2-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.comSigned-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Rework madvise_cold_or_pageout_pte_range() to avoid splitting any large
folio that is fully and contiguously mapped in the pageout/cold vm range. 
This change means that large folios will be maintained all the way to swap
storage.  This both improves performance during swap-out, by eliding the
cost of splitting the folio, and sets us up nicely for maintaining the
large folio when it is swapped back in (to be covered in a separate
series).

Folios that are not fully mapped in the target range are still split, but
note that behavior is changed so that if the split fails for any reason
(folio locked, shared, etc) we now leave it as is and move to the next pte
in the range and continue work on the proceeding folios.  Previously any
failure of this sort would cause the entire operation to give up and no
folios mapped at higher addresses were paged out or made cold.  Given
large folios are becoming more common, this old behavior would have likely
lead to wasted opportunities.

While we are at it, change the code that clears young from the ptes to use
ptep_test_and_clear_young(), via the new mkold_ptes() batch helper
function.  This is more efficent than get_and_clear/modify/set, especially
for contpte mappings on arm64, where the old approach would require
unfolding/refolding and the new approach can be done in place.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240408183946.2991168-8-ryan.roberts@arm.comSigned-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Gao Xiang <xiang@kernel.org>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Lance Yang <ioworker0@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Now that swap supports storing all mTHP sizes, avoid splitting large
folios before swap-out.  This benefits performance of the swap-out path by
eliding split_folio_to_list(), which is expensive, and also sets us up for
swapping in large folios in a future series.

If the folio is partially mapped, we continue to split it since we want to
avoid the extra IO overhead and storage of writing out pages
uneccessarily.

THP_SWPOUT and THP_SWPOUT_FALLBACK counters should continue to count
events only for PMD-mappable folios to avoid user confusion.  THP_SWPOUT
already has the appropriate guard.  Add a guard for THP_SWPOUT_FALLBACK. 
It may be appropriate to add per-size counters in future.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240408183946.2991168-7-ryan.roberts@arm.comSigned-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com>
Cc: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Gao Xiang <xiang@kernel.org>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Lance Yang <ioworker0@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

Multi-size THP enables performance improvements by allocating large,
pte-mapped folios for anonymous memory.  However I've observed that on an
arm64 system running a parallel workload (e.g.  kernel compilation) across
many cores, under high memory pressure, the speed regresses.  This is due
to bottlenecking on the increased number of TLBIs added due to all the
extra folio splitting when the large folios are swapped out.

Therefore, solve this regression by adding support for swapping out mTHP
without needing to split the folio, just like is already done for
PMD-sized THP.  This change only applies when CONFIG_THP_SWAP is enabled,
and when the swap backing store is a non-rotating block device.  These are
the same constraints as for the existing PMD-sized THP swap-out support.

Note that no attempt is made to swap-in (m)THP here - this is still done
page-by-page, like for PMD-sized THP.  But swapping-out mTHP is a
prerequisite for swapping-in mTHP.

The main change here is to improve the swap entry allocator so that it can
allocate any power-of-2 number of contiguous entries between [1, (1 <<
PMD_ORDER)].  This is done by allocating a cluster for each distinct order
and allocating sequentially from it until the cluster is full.  This
ensures that we don't need to search the map and we get no fragmentation
due to alignment padding for different orders in the cluster.  If there is
no current cluster for a given order, we attempt to allocate a free
cluster from the list.  If there are no free clusters, we fail the
allocation and the caller can fall back to splitting the folio and
allocates individual entries (as per existing PMD-sized THP fallback).

The per-order current clusters are maintained per-cpu using the existing
infrastructure.  This is done to avoid interleving pages from different
tasks, which would prevent IO being batched.  This is already done for the
order-0 allocations so we follow the same pattern.

As is done for order-0 per-cpu clusters, the scanner now can steal order-0
entries from any per-cpu-per-order reserved cluster.  This ensures that
when the swap file is getting full, space doesn't get tied up in the
per-cpu reserves.

This change only modifies swap to be able to accept any order mTHP.  It
doesn't change the callers to elide doing the actual split.  That will be
done in separate changes.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240408183946.2991168-6-ryan.roberts@arm.comSigned-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>
Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Gao Xiang <xiang@kernel.org>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Lance Yang <ioworker0@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

We are about to allow swap storage of any mTHP size.  To prepare for that,
let's change get_swap_pages() to take a folio order parameter instead of
nr_pages.  This makes the interface self-documenting; a power-of-2 number
of pages must be provided.  We will also need the order internally so this
simplifies accessing it.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240408183946.2991168-5-ryan.roberts@arm.comSigned-off-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>
Cc: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@oppo.com>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@kernel.org>
Cc: Gao Xiang <xiang@kernel.org>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Lance Yang <ioworker0@gmail.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>
Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>