1. 21 Dec, 2015 5 commits
    • AKASHI Takahiro's avatar
      arm64: ftrace: fix a stack tracer's output under function graph tracer · 20380bb3
      AKASHI Takahiro authored
      Function graph tracer modifies a return address (LR) in a stack frame
      to hook a function return. This will result in many useless entries
      (return_to_handler) showing up in
       a) a stack tracer's output
       b) perf call graph (with perf record -g)
       c) dump_backtrace (at panic et al.)
      
      For example, in case of a),
        $ echo function_graph > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
        $ echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/stack_trace_enabled
        $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/stack_trace
              Depth    Size   Location    (54 entries)
              -----    ----   --------
        0)     4504      16   gic_raise_softirq+0x28/0x150
        1)     4488      80   smp_cross_call+0x38/0xb8
        2)     4408      48   return_to_handler+0x0/0x40
        3)     4360      32   return_to_handler+0x0/0x40
        ...
      
      In case of b),
        $ echo function_graph > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
        $ perf record -e mem:XXX:x -ag -- sleep 10
        $ perf report
                        ...
                        |          |          |--0.22%-- 0x550f8
                        |          |          |          0x10888
                        |          |          |          el0_svc_naked
                        |          |          |          sys_openat
                        |          |          |          return_to_handler
                        |          |          |          return_to_handler
                        ...
      
      In case of c),
        $ echo function_graph > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/current_tracer
        $ echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger
        ...
        Call trace:
        [<ffffffc00044d3ac>] sysrq_handle_crash+0x24/0x30
        [<ffffffc000092250>] return_to_handler+0x0/0x40
        [<ffffffc000092250>] return_to_handler+0x0/0x40
        ...
      
      This patch replaces such entries with real addresses preserved in
      current->ret_stack[] at unwind_frame(). This way, we can cover all
      the cases.
      Reviewed-by: default avatarJungseok Lee <jungseoklee85@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
      [will: fixed minor context changes conflicting with irq stack bits]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      20380bb3
    • AKASHI Takahiro's avatar
      arm64: pass a task parameter to unwind_frame() · fe13f95b
      AKASHI Takahiro authored
      Function graph tracer modifies a return address (LR) in a stack frame
      to hook a function's return. This will result in many useless entries
      (return_to_handler) showing up in a call stack list.
      We will fix this problem in a later patch ("arm64: ftrace: fix a stack
      tracer's output under function graph tracer"). But since real return
      addresses are saved in ret_stack[] array in struct task_struct,
      unwind functions need to be notified of, in addition to a stack pointer
      address, which task is being traced in order to find out real return
      addresses.
      
      This patch extends unwind functions' interfaces by adding an extra
      argument of a pointer to task_struct.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      fe13f95b
    • AKASHI Takahiro's avatar
      arm64: ftrace: modify a stack frame in a safe way · 79fdee9b
      AKASHI Takahiro authored
      Function graph tracer modifies a return address (LR) in a stack frame by
      calling ftrace_prepare_return() in a traced function's function prologue.
      The current code does this modification before preserving an original
      address at ftrace_push_return_trace() and there is always a small window
      of inconsistency when an interrupt occurs.
      
      This doesn't matter, as far as an interrupt stack is introduced, because
      stack tracer won't be invoked in an interrupt context. But it would be
      better to proactively minimize such a window by moving the LR modification
      after ftrace_push_return_trace().
      Signed-off-by: default avatarAKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      79fdee9b
    • James Morse's avatar
      arm64: remove irq_count and do_softirq_own_stack() · d224a69e
      James Morse authored
      sysrq_handle_reboot() re-enables interrupts while on the irq stack. The
      irq_stack implementation wrongly assumed this would only ever happen
      via the softirq path, allowing it to update irq_count late, in
      do_softirq_own_stack().
      
      This means if an irq occurs in sysrq_handle_reboot(), during
      emergency_restart() the stack will be corrupted, as irq_count wasn't
      updated.
      
      Lose the optimisation, and instead of moving the adding/subtracting of
      irq_count into irq_stack_entry/irq_stack_exit, remove it, and compare
      sp_el0 (struct thread_info) with sp & ~(THREAD_SIZE - 1). This tells us
      if we are on a task stack, if so, we can safely switch to the irq stack.
      Finally, remove do_softirq_own_stack(), we don't need it anymore.
      Reported-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJames Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
      [will: use get_thread_info macro]
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      d224a69e
    • David Woods's avatar
      arm64: hugetlb: add support for PTE contiguous bit · 66b3923a
      David Woods authored
      The arm64 MMU supports a Contiguous bit which is a hint that the TTE
      is one of a set of contiguous entries which can be cached in a single
      TLB entry.  Supporting this bit adds new intermediate huge page sizes.
      
      The set of huge page sizes available depends on the base page size.
      Without using contiguous pages the huge page sizes are as follows.
      
       4KB:   2MB  1GB
      64KB: 512MB
      
      With a 4KB granule, the contiguous bit groups together sets of 16 pages
      and with a 64KB granule it groups sets of 32 pages.  This enables two new
      huge page sizes in each case, so that the full set of available sizes
      is as follows.
      
       4KB:  64KB   2MB  32MB  1GB
      64KB:   2MB 512MB  16GB
      
      If a 16KB granule is used then the contiguous bit groups 128 pages
      at the PTE level and 32 pages at the PMD level.
      
      If the base page size is set to 64KB then 2MB pages are enabled by
      default.  It is possible in the future to make 2MB the default huge
      page size for both 4KB and 64KB granules.
      Reviewed-by: default avatarChris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarSteve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid Woods <dwoods@ezchip.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      66b3923a
  2. 17 Dec, 2015 2 commits
  3. 15 Dec, 2015 2 commits
    • James Morse's avatar
      arm64: reduce stack use in irq_handler · 971c67ce
      James Morse authored
      The code for switching to irq_stack stores three pieces of information on
      the stack, fp+lr, as a fake stack frame (that lets us walk back onto the
      interrupted tasks stack frame), and the address of the struct pt_regs that
      contains the register values from kernel entry. (which dump_backtrace()
      will print in any stack trace).
      
      To reduce this, we store fp, and the pointer to the struct pt_regs.
      unwind_frame() can recognise this as the irq_stack dummy frame, (as it only
      appears at the top of the irq_stack), and use the struct pt_regs values
      to find the missing interrupted link-register.
      Suggested-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJames Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      971c67ce
    • Will Deacon's avatar
      Merge branch 'aarch64/efi' into aarch64/for-next/core · 129b985c
      Will Deacon authored
      Merge in EFI memblock changes from Ard, which form the preparatory work
      for UEFI support on 32-bit ARM.
      129b985c
  4. 11 Dec, 2015 3 commits
  5. 10 Dec, 2015 7 commits
    • Mark Brown's avatar
      arm64: cmpxchg: Don't incldue linux/mmdebug.h · 4a6ccf30
      Mark Brown authored
      The arm64 asm/cmpxchg.h includes linux/mmdebug.h but doesn't so far as I
      can tell actually use anything from it.  Removing the inclusion reduces
      spurious header dependency rebuilds and also avoids issues with
      recursive inclusions of headers causing build breaks due to attempts to
      use things before they are defined if linux/mmdebug.h starts pulling in
      more low level headers.
      
      Such errors have happened in -next recently, for example:
      
      In file included from include/linux/completion.h:11:0,
                       from include/linux/rcupdate.h:43,
                       from include/linux/tracepoint.h:19,
                       from include/linux/mmdebug.h:6,
                       from ./arch/arm64/include/asm/cmpxchg.h:22,
                       from ./arch/arm64/include/asm/atomic.h:41,
                       from include/linux/atomic.h:4,
                       from include/linux/spinlock.h:406,
                       from include/linux/seqlock.h:35,
                       from include/linux/time.h:5,
                       from include/uapi/linux/timex.h:56,
                       from include/linux/timex.h:56,
                       from include/linux/sched.h:19,
                       from arch/arm64/kernel/asm-offsets.c:21:
      include/linux/wait.h: In function 'wait_on_atomic_t':
      include/linux/wait.h:1218:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'atomic_read' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
       if (atomic_read(val) == 0)
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      4a6ccf30
    • Mark Rutland's avatar
      arm64: mm: fold alternatives into .init · 9aa4ec15
      Mark Rutland authored
      Currently we treat the alternatives separately from other data that's
      only used during initialisation, using separate .altinstructions and
      .altinstr_replacement linker sections. These are freed for general
      allocation separately from .init*. This is problematic as:
      
      * We do not remove execute permissions, as we do for .init, leaving the
        memory executable.
      
      * We pad between them, making the kernel Image bianry up to PAGE_SIZE
        bytes larger than necessary.
      
      This patch moves the two sections into the contiguous region used for
      .init*. This saves some memory, ensures that we remove execute
      permissions, and allows us to remove some code made redundant by this
      reorganisation.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
      Cc: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@arm.com>
      Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
      Cc: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
      Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
      Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      9aa4ec15
    • Mark Rutland's avatar
      arm64: Remove redundant padding from linker script · 5b28cd9d
      Mark Rutland authored
      Currently we place an ALIGN_DEBUG_RO between text and data for the .text
      and .init sections, and depending on configuration each of these may
      result in up to SECTION_SIZE bytes worth of padding (for
      DEBUG_RODATA_ALIGN).
      
      We make no distinction between the text and data in each of these
      sections at any point when creating the initial page tables in head.S.
      We also make no distinction when modifying the tables; __map_memblock,
      fixup_executable, mark_rodata_ro, and fixup_init only work at section
      granularity. Thus this padding is unnecessary.
      
      For the spit between init text and data we impose a minimum alignment of
      16 bytes, but this is also unnecessary. The init data is output
      immediately after the padding before any symbols are defined, so this is
      not required to keep a symbol for linker a section array correctly
      associated with the data. Any objects within the section will be given
      at least their usual alignment regardless.
      
      This patch removes the redundant padding.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
      Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
      Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
      Cc: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
      Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
      Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      5b28cd9d
    • Mark Rutland's avatar
      arm64: mm: remove pointless PAGE_MASKing · e2c30ee3
      Mark Rutland authored
      As pgd_offset{,_k} shift the input address by PGDIR_SHIFT, the sub-page
      bits will always be shifted out. There is no need to apply PAGE_MASK
      before this.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarMark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
      Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
      Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
      Cc: Jeremy Linton <jeremy.linton@arm.com>
      Cc: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
      Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      e2c30ee3
    • James Morse's avatar
      arm64: don't call C code with el0's fp register · 49003a8d
      James Morse authored
      On entry from el0, we save all the registers on the kernel stack, and
      restore them before returning. x29 remains unchanged when we call out
      to C code, which will store x29 as the frame-pointer on the stack.
      
      Instead, write 0 into x29 after entry from el0, to avoid any risk of
      tracing into user space.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJames Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      49003a8d
    • James Morse's avatar
      arm64: when walking onto the task stack, check sp & fp are in current->stack · 1ffe199b
      James Morse authored
      When unwind_frame() reaches the bottom of the irq_stack, the last fp
      points to the original task stack. unwind_frame() uses
      IRQ_STACK_TO_TASK_STACK() to find the sp value. If either values is
      wrong, we may end up walking a corrupt stack.
      
      Check these values are sane by testing if they are both on the stack
      pointed to by current->stack.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJames Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      1ffe199b
    • James Morse's avatar
      arm64: Add this_cpu_ptr() assembler macro for use in entry.S · aa4d5d3c
      James Morse authored
      irq_stack is a per_cpu variable, that needs to be access from entry.S.
      Use an assembler macro instead of the unreadable details.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarJames Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      aa4d5d3c
  6. 09 Dec, 2015 6 commits
  7. 08 Dec, 2015 3 commits
  8. 07 Dec, 2015 1 commit
  9. 04 Dec, 2015 3 commits
    • Catalin Marinas's avatar
      arm64: Add trace_hardirqs_off annotation in ret_to_user · db3899a6
      Catalin Marinas authored
      When a kernel is built with CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS the following warning
      is produced when entering userspace for the first time:
      
        WARNING: at /work/Linux/linux-2.6-aarch64/kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3519
        Modules linked in:
        CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: systemd Not tainted 4.4.0-rc3+ #639
        Hardware name: Juno (DT)
        task: ffffffc9768a0000 ti: ffffffc9768a8000 task.ti: ffffffc9768a8000
        PC is at check_flags.part.22+0x19c/0x1a8
        LR is at check_flags.part.22+0x19c/0x1a8
        pc : [<ffffffc0000fba6c>] lr : [<ffffffc0000fba6c>] pstate: 600001c5
        sp : ffffffc9768abe10
        x29: ffffffc9768abe10 x28: ffffffc9768a8000
        x27: 0000000000000000 x26: 0000000000000001
        x25: 00000000000000a6 x24: ffffffc00064be6c
        x23: ffffffc0009f249e x22: ffffffc9768a0000
        x21: ffffffc97fea5480 x20: 00000000000001c0
        x19: ffffffc00169a000 x18: 0000005558cc7b58
        x17: 0000007fb78e3180 x16: 0000005558d2e238
        x15: ffffffffffffffff x14: 0ffffffffffffffd
        x13: 0000000000000008 x12: 0101010101010101
        x11: 7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f x10: fefefefefefeff63
        x9 : 7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f x8 : 6e655f7371726964
        x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : ffffffc0001079c4
        x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000001
        x3 : ffffffc001698438 x2 : 0000000000000000
        x1 : ffffffc9768a0000 x0 : 000000000000002e
        Call trace:
        [<ffffffc0000fba6c>] check_flags.part.22+0x19c/0x1a8
        [<ffffffc0000fc440>] lock_is_held+0x80/0x98
        [<ffffffc00064bafc>] __schedule+0x404/0x730
        [<ffffffc00064be6c>] schedule+0x44/0xb8
        [<ffffffc000085bb0>] ret_to_user+0x0/0x24
        possible reason: unannotated irqs-off.
        irq event stamp: 502169
        hardirqs last  enabled at (502169): [<ffffffc000085a98>] el0_irq_naked+0x1c/0x24
        hardirqs last disabled at (502167): [<ffffffc0000bb3bc>] __do_softirq+0x17c/0x298
        softirqs last  enabled at (502168): [<ffffffc0000bb43c>] __do_softirq+0x1fc/0x298
        softirqs last disabled at (502143): [<ffffffc0000bb830>] irq_exit+0xa0/0xf0
      
      This happens because we disable interrupts in ret_to_user before calling
      schedule() in work_resched. This patch adds the necessary
      trace_hardirqs_off annotation.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarCatalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
      Reported-by: default avatarMark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
      Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      db3899a6
    • Li Bin's avatar
      arm64: ftrace: fix the comments for ftrace_modify_code · 004ab584
      Li Bin authored
      There is no need to worry about module and __init text disappearing
      case, because that ftrace has a module notifier that is called when
      a module is being unloaded and before the text goes away and this
      code grabs the ftrace_lock mutex and removes the module functions
      from the ftrace list, such that it will no longer do any
      modifications to that module's text, the update to make functions
      be traced or not is done under the ftrace_lock mutex as well.
      And by now, __init section codes should not been modified
      by ftrace, because it is black listed in recordmcount.c and
      ignored by ftrace.
      Suggested-by: default avatarSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLi Bin <huawei.libin@huawei.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      004ab584
    • Li Bin's avatar
      arm64: ftrace: stop using kstop_machine to enable/disable tracing · 81a6a146
      Li Bin authored
      For ftrace on arm64, kstop_machine which is hugely disruptive
      to a running system is not needed to convert nops to ftrace calls
      or back, because that to be modified instrucions, that NOP, B or BL,
      are all safe instructions which called "concurrent modification
      and execution of instructions", that can be executed by one
      thread of execution as they are being modified by another thread
      of execution without requiring explicit synchronization.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarLi Bin <huawei.libin@huawei.com>
      Reviewed-by: default avatarSteven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      81a6a146
  10. 03 Dec, 2015 2 commits
    • Will Deacon's avatar
      arm64: spinlock: serialise spin_unlock_wait against concurrent lockers · d86b8da0
      Will Deacon authored
      Boqun Feng reported a rather nasty ordering issue with spin_unlock_wait
      on architectures implementing spin_lock with LL/SC sequences and acquire
      semantics:
      
       | CPU 1                   CPU 2                     CPU 3
       | ==================      ====================      ==============
       |                                                   spin_unlock(&lock);
       |                         spin_lock(&lock):
       |                           r1 = *lock; // r1 == 0;
       |                         o = READ_ONCE(object); // reordered here
       | object = NULL;
       | smp_mb();
       | spin_unlock_wait(&lock);
       |                           *lock = 1;
       | smp_mb();
       | o->dead = true;
       |                         if (o) // true
       |                           BUG_ON(o->dead); // true!!
      
      The crux of the problem is that spin_unlock_wait(&lock) can return on
      CPU 1 whilst CPU 2 is in the process of taking the lock. This can be
      resolved by upgrading spin_unlock_wait to a LOCK operation, forcing it
      to serialise against a concurrent locker and giving it acquire semantics
      in the process (although it is not at all clear whether this is needed -
      different callers seem to assume different things about the barrier
      semantics and architectures are similarly disjoint in their
      implementations of the macro).
      
      This patch implements spin_unlock_wait using an LL/SC sequence with
      acquire semantics on arm64. For v8.1 systems with the LSE atomics, the
      exclusive writeback is omitted, since the spin_lock operation is
      indivisible and no intermediate state can be observed.
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      d86b8da0
    • Will Deacon's avatar
      arm64: enable HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING · 24da208d
      Will Deacon authored
      arm64 relies on the arm_arch_timer for sched_clock, so we can select
      HAVE_IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING and have the core sched-clock code enable the
      feature at runtime based on the rate.
      Reported-by: default avatarMario Smarduch <m.smarduch@samsung.com>
      Signed-off-by: default avatarWill Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
      24da208d
  11. 02 Dec, 2015 2 commits
  12. 01 Dec, 2015 3 commits
  13. 30 Nov, 2015 1 commit