The submission queue (SQ) and completion queue (CQ) rings are shared
between the application and the kernel. This eliminates the need to
copy data back and forth to submit and complete IO.

IO submissions use the io_uring_sqe data structure, and completions
are generated in the form of io_uring_cqe data structures. The SQ
ring is an index into the io_uring_sqe array, which makes it possible
to submit a batch of IOs without them being contiguous in the ring.
The CQ ring is always contiguous, as completion events are inherently
unordered, and hence any io_uring_cqe entry can point back to an
arbitrary submission.

Two new system calls are added for this:

io_uring_setup(entries, params)
	Sets up an io_uring instance for doing async IO. On success,
	returns a file descriptor that the application can mmap to
	gain access to the SQ ring, CQ ring, and io_uring_sqes.

io_uring_enter(fd, to_submit, min_complete, flags, sigset, sigsetsize)
	Initiates IO against the rings mapped to this fd, or waits for
	them to complete, or both. The behavior is controlled by the
	parameters passed in. If 'to_submit' is non-zero, then we'll
	try and submit new IO. If IORING_ENTER_GETEVENTS is set, the
	kernel will wait for 'min_complete' events, if they aren't
	already available. It's valid to set IORING_ENTER_GETEVENTS
	and 'min_complete' == 0 at the same time, this allows the
	kernel to return already completed events without waiting
	for them. This is useful only for polling, as for IRQ
	driven IO, the application can just check the CQ ring
	without entering the kernel.

With this setup, it's possible to do async IO with a single system
call. Future developments will enable polled IO with this interface,
and polled submission as well. The latter will enable an application
to do IO without doing ANY system calls at all.

For IRQ driven IO, an application only needs to enter the kernel for
completions if it wants to wait for them to occur.

Each io_uring is backed by a workqueue, to support buffered async IO
as well. We will only punt to an async context if the command would
need to wait for IO on the device side. Any data that can be accessed
directly in the page cache is done inline. This avoids the slowness
issue of usual threadpools, since cached data is accessed as quickly
as a sync interface.

Sample application: http://git.kernel.dk/cgit/fio/plain/t/io_uring.cReviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

mp_bvec_for_each_segment() is a bit big for the iteration, so introduce
a light-weight helper for iterating over pages, then 32bytes stack
space can be saved.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Introduce a fast path for single-page bvec IO, then we can avoid
to call bvec_split_segs() unnecessarily.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Introduce a fast path for single-page bvec IO, then blk_bvec_map_sg()
can be avoided.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Single-page bvec can often be seen in small BS workloads, so
introduce bvec_nth_page() for avoiding to call nth_page() unnecessarily,
which looks not cheap.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Store the request queue the last bio was submitted to in the iocb
private data in addition to the cookie so that we find the right block
device.  Also refactor the common direct I/O bio submission code into a
nice little helper.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Modified to use bio_set_polled().
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

For the upcoming async polled IO, we can't sleep allocating requests.
If we do, then we introduce a deadlock where the submitter already
has async polled IO in-flight, but can't wait for them to complete
since polled requests must be active found and reaped.

Utilize the helper in the blockdev DIRECT_IO code.
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Just call blk_poll on the iocb cookie, we can derive the block device
from the inode trivially.
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This new methods is used to explicitly poll for I/O completion for an
iocb.  It must be called for any iocb submitted asynchronously (that
is with a non-null ki_complete) which has the IOCB_HIPRI flag set.

The method is assisted by a new ki_cookie field in struct iocb to store
the polling cookie.
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Commit 0da03cab
("loop: Fix deadlock when calling blkdev_reread_part()") moves
blkdev_reread_part() out of the loop_ctl_mutex. However,
GENHD_FL_NO_PART_SCAN is set before __blkdev_reread_part(). As a result,
__blkdev_reread_part() will fail the check of GENHD_FL_NO_PART_SCAN and
will not rescan the loop device to delete all partitions.

Below are steps to reproduce the issue:

step1 # dd if=/dev/zero of=tmp.raw bs=1M count=100
step2 # losetup -P /dev/loop0 tmp.raw
step3 # parted /dev/loop0 mklabel gpt
step4 # parted -a none -s /dev/loop0 mkpart primary 64s 1
step5 # losetup -d /dev/loop0

Step5 will not be able to delete /dev/loop0p1 (introduced by step4) and
there is below kernel warning message:

[  464.414043] __loop_clr_fd: partition scan of loop0 failed (rc=-22)

This patch sets GENHD_FL_NO_PART_SCAN after blkdev_reread_part().

Fixes: 0da03cab ("loop: Fix deadlock when calling blkdev_reread_part()")
Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Do not print warn message when the partition scan returns 0.

Fixes: d57f3374 ("loop: Move special partition reread handling in loop_clr_fd()")
Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Block bounce needs to allocate new page for doing IO, and the
new page has to be updated to bvec table.

Commit 6dc4f100 switches __blk_queue_bounce() to use the new
bio_for_each_segment_all() interface. Unfortunately the new
bio_for_each_segment_all() can't be used to update bvec table.

This patch fixes this issue by retrieving bvec from the table
directly, then the new allocated page can be updated to the bio.
This way is safe because the cloned bio is single page bvec.

Fixes: 6dc4f100 ("block: allow bio_for_each_segment_all() to iterate over multi-page bvec")
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Pull NVMe changes for 5.1 from Christoph

* 'nvme-5.1' of git://git.infradead.org/nvme: (22 commits)
  nvme-rdma: use nr_phys_segments when map rq to sgl
  nvmet: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvmet-rdma: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme-loop: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvmet-fcloop: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvmet-fc: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme-pci: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme-lightnvm: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme-rdma: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme-fc: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme-fabrics: convert to SPDX identifiers
  nvme-tcp.h: fix SPDX header
  nvme_ioctl.h: remove duplicate GPL boilerplate
  nvme: return error from nvme_alloc_ns()
  nvme: avoid that deleting a controller triggers a circular locking complaint
  nvme: introduce a helper function for controller deletion
  nvme: unexport nvme_delete_ctrl_sync()
  nvme-pci: check kstrtoint() return value in queue_count_set()
  nvme-fabrics: document the poll function argument
  ...

Use blk_rq_nr_phys_segments() instead of blk_rq_payload_bytes() to check
if a command contains data to be mapped.  This fixes the case where
a struct request contains LBAs, but it has no payload, such as
Write Zeroes support.

Fixes: 6e02318e ("nvme: add support for the Write Zeroes command")
Reported-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Tested-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

Update license to use SPDX-License-Identifier instead of verbose license
text.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

For .h files we need to use /* */ style comments.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

We already have a ЅPDX header, so no need to duplicate the information.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>

nvme_alloc_ns() might fail, so we should be returning an error code.
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Rework nvme_delete_ctrl_sync() such that it does not have to wait for
queued work. This patch avoids that test nvme/008 triggers the following
complaint:

WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
5.0.0-rc6-dbg+ #10 Not tainted
------------------------------------------------------
nvme/7918 is trying to acquire lock:
000000009a1a7b69 ((work_completion)(&ctrl->delete_work)){+.+.}, at: __flush_work+0x379/0x410

but task is already holding lock:
00000000ef5a45b4 (kn->count#389){++++}, at: kernfs_remove_self+0x196/0x210

which lock already depends on the new lock.

the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

-> #1 (kn->count#389){++++}:
       lock_acquire+0xc5/0x1e0
       __kernfs_remove+0x42a/0x4a0
       kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x45/0x90
       remove_files.isra.1+0x3a/0x90
       sysfs_remove_group+0x5c/0xc0
       sysfs_remove_groups+0x39/0x60
       device_remove_attrs+0x68/0xb0
       device_del+0x24d/0x570
       cdev_device_del+0x1a/0x50
       nvme_delete_ctrl_work+0xbd/0xe0
       process_one_work+0x4f1/0xa40
       worker_thread+0x67/0x5b0
       kthread+0x1cf/0x1f0
       ret_from_fork+0x24/0x30

-> #0 ((work_completion)(&ctrl->delete_work)){+.+.}:
       __lock_acquire+0x1323/0x17b0
       lock_acquire+0xc5/0x1e0
       __flush_work+0x399/0x410
       flush_work+0x10/0x20
       nvme_delete_ctrl_sync+0x65/0x70
       nvme_sysfs_delete+0x4f/0x60
       dev_attr_store+0x3e/0x50
       sysfs_kf_write+0x87/0xa0
       kernfs_fop_write+0x186/0x240
       __vfs_write+0xd7/0x430
       vfs_write+0xfa/0x260
       ksys_write+0xab/0x130
       __x64_sys_write+0x43/0x50
       do_syscall_64+0x71/0x210
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe

other info that might help us debug this:

 Possible unsafe locking scenario:

       CPU0                    CPU1
       ----                    ----
  lock(kn->count#389);
                               lock((work_completion)(&ctrl->delete_work));
                               lock(kn->count#389);
  lock((work_completion)(&ctrl->delete_work));

 *** DEADLOCK ***

3 locks held by nvme/7918:
 #0: 00000000e2223b44 (sb_writers#6){.+.+}, at: vfs_write+0x1eb/0x260
 #1: 000000003404976f (&of->mutex){+.+.}, at: kernfs_fop_write+0x128/0x240
 #2: 00000000ef5a45b4 (kn->count#389){++++}, at: kernfs_remove_self+0x196/0x210

stack backtrace:
CPU: 4 PID: 7918 Comm: nvme Not tainted 5.0.0-rc6-dbg+ #10
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
 dump_stack+0x86/0xca
 print_circular_bug.isra.36.cold.54+0x173/0x1d5
 check_prev_add.constprop.45+0x996/0x1110
 __lock_acquire+0x1323/0x17b0
 lock_acquire+0xc5/0x1e0
 __flush_work+0x399/0x410
 flush_work+0x10/0x20
 nvme_delete_ctrl_sync+0x65/0x70
 nvme_sysfs_delete+0x4f/0x60
 dev_attr_store+0x3e/0x50
 sysfs_kf_write+0x87/0xa0
 kernfs_fop_write+0x186/0x240
 __vfs_write+0xd7/0x430
 vfs_write+0xfa/0x260
 ksys_write+0xab/0x130
 __x64_sys_write+0x43/0x50
 do_syscall_64+0x71/0x210
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

This patch does not change any functionality but makes the next patch
in this series easier to read.
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Since nvme_delete_ctrl_sync() is not called from any other kernel module,
unexport it.
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

This patch avoids that the compiler complains about 'ret' being set
but not being used when building with W=1.

Fixes: 3b6592f7 ("nvme: utilize two queue maps, one for reads and one for writes") # v5.0-rc1
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

This patch avoids that the kernel-doc tool reports a warning when
building with W=1.

Fixes: 26c68227 ("nvme-fabrics: allow nvmf_connect_io_queue to poll") # v5.0-rc1
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

This patch avoids that smatch complains about inconsistent indentation.

Fixes: a07b4970 ("nvmet: add a generic NVMe target") # v4.10
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

Implement a simple round-robin I/O policy for multipathing.  Path
selection is done in two rounds, first iterating across all optimized
paths, and if that doesn't return any valid paths, iterate over all
optimized and non-optimized paths.  If no paths are found, use the
existing algorithm.  Also add a sysfs attribute 'iopolicy' to switch
between the current NUMA-aware I/O policy and the 'round-robin' I/O
policy.
Signed-off-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

rq->bio can be NULL sometimes, such as flush request, so don't
read bio->bi_seg_front_size until this 'bio' is checked as valid.

Cc: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reported-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Fixes: dcebd755 ("block: use bio_for_each_bvec() to compute multi-page bvec count")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Pull in 5.0-rc6 to avoid a dumb merge conflict with fs/iomap.c.
This is needed since io_uring is now based on the block branch,
to avoid a conflict between the multi-page bvecs and the bits
of io_uring that touch the core block parts.

* tag 'v5.0-rc6': (525 commits)
  Linux 5.0-rc6
  x86/mm: Make set_pmd_at() paravirt aware
  MAINTAINERS: Update the ocores i2c bus driver maintainer, etc
  blk-mq: remove duplicated definition of blk_mq_freeze_queue
  Blk-iolatency: warn on negative inflight IO counter
  blk-iolatency: fix IO hang due to negative inflight counter
  MAINTAINERS: unify reference to xen-devel list
  x86/mm/cpa: Fix set_mce_nospec()
  futex: Handle early deadlock return correctly
  futex: Fix barrier comment
  net: dsa: b53: Fix for failure when irq is not defined in dt
  blktrace: Show requests without sector
  mips: cm: reprime error cause
  mips: loongson64: remove unreachable(), fix loongson_poweroff().
  sit: check if IPv6 enabled before calling ip6_err_gen_icmpv6_unreach()
  geneve: should not call rt6_lookup() when ipv6 was disabled
  KVM: nVMX: unconditionally cancel preemption timer in free_nested (CVE-2019-7221)
  KVM: x86: work around leak of uninitialized stack contents (CVE-2019-7222)
  kvm: fix kvm_ioctl_create_device() reference counting (CVE-2019-6974)
  signal: Better detection of synchronous signals
  ...

QUEUE_FLAG_NO_SG_MERGE has been killed, so kill BLK_MQ_F_SG_MERGE too.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Since bdced438 ("block: setup bi_phys_segments after splitting"),
physical segment number is mainly figured out in blk_queue_split() for
fast path, and the flag of BIO_SEG_VALID is set there too.

Now only blk_recount_segments() and blk_recalc_rq_segments() use this
flag.

Basically blk_recount_segments() is bypassed in fast path given BIO_SEG_VALID
is set in blk_queue_split().

For another user of blk_recalc_rq_segments():

- run in partial completion branch of blk_update_request, which is an unusual case

- run in blk_cloned_rq_check_limits(), still not a big problem if the flag is killed
since dm-rq is the only user.

Multi-page bvec is enabled now, not doing S/G merging is rather pointless with the
current setup of the I/O path, as it isn't going to save you a significant amount
of cycles.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

Now multi-page bvec is supported, some helpers may return page by
page, meantime some may return segment by segment, this patch
documents the usage.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Omar Sandoval <osandov@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>