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- 23 Nov, 2007 18 commits
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Linus Torvalds authored
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Linus Torvalds authored
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Linus Torvalds authored
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Linus Torvalds authored
Original Changelog: CHANGES since 0.99 patchlevel 13: - new kernel source layout: drivers separated - lots of networking bugs fixed, and new network card drivers (Alan Cox, Donald Becker &co) - sound driver added to the default source distribution (Hannu Savolainen) - updated SCSI driver code (Eric Youngdale, Drew Eckhardt &co) - readonly OS/2 filesystem support (HPFS) added (Chris Smith) - NTP support (Philip Gladstone, Torsten Duwe, ??) - fixed 16MB swap-area limit - lots of minor cleanups, buxfixes etc.
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Linus Torvalds authored
People finally gave up on net-1, Ross Biro grew tired of the flames, and net-2 appears with Fred van Kempen as maintainer. This is the big switch-over version. fsync() isn't just a stub any more, and System V IPC is also showing up. The "struct file" filetable is made dynamic, instaed of a static allocation. For the first time you can have _lots_ of files open. Stub for iBCS2 emulation code. [original announcement below] I've finally released an official version of linux-0.99 patchlevel 10: there have been various alpha versions floating around which differ in details (notably networking code), which shouldn't be used any more. The new linux version is available only as full source code: the diffs would have been too big to be useful. You can find linux-0.99.10.tar.z (along with keytables.tar.z) on nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus and probably on tsx-11 and other linux archives within a day or two (so check there first if you are in the states). Linux-0.99 pl10 has a number of new features and changes in interface. The most notable of these are: - the networking code is reorganized (generally called "net-2", although unrelated to the BSD release). The new code implements a lot of standard features lacking in net-1, and also changes the user interface to be closer to the BSD standards. Notably, the old configuration binaries won't work, so to get the new networking to work you'll have to get the net-2 binaries as well. The networking binaries are available on tsx-11.mit.edu (and mirrors) under the directory pub/linux/packages/net/net-2 (and the setup syntax has changed somewhat..) The networking code has been mainly organized and rewritten by Fred van Kempen, with drivers by Donald Becker. - serial line setup has been changed: linux 0.99 pl10 does *not* try to autodetect serial ports very agressively. If you have other serial ports than the standard com1/com2, or nonstandard IRQ etc values, this means that it's less likely to work without any help. The solution is not to recompile the kernel - you should get the "setserial" program available from tsx-11.mit.edu in the directory pub/linux/sources/sbin/setserial-2.01.tar.z that allows you to dynamically configure your serial ports to suit your setup. The main organizer behind the serial line changes is tytso (Theodore Ts'o). - Keyboard setup has changed: it is no longer hardcoded at compile time, but instead you can use the new "loadkeys" program to load in a new keyboard map on the fly. The default keyboard map is the normal US keyboard (yes, I should have used the Finnish one by default, but after thinking of all the problems that would have resulted in I forgot about that idea). The loadkeys code can be found in the "keytables.tar.z" archive, which also contains keymaps for most normal keyboard types. To create a custom keyboard table is very easy - just take a 5 minute look at the existing map files (they resemble the ones used by xmodmap, so if you are familiar with those..) The loadable keymaps were mostly implemented by Risto Kankkunen. There are a lot of other internal kernel changes, but they should be mostly transparent, and noticeable only indirectly due to new features or (hopefully) better/faster/whatever operation. These include: - the SysV IPC patches are in by default: Krishna Balasubramanian. If you need these, you know what it's about (notably, dosemu 0.49 wants them). - inode handling is updated: inodes and files are now dynamically allocated within the kernel, and use a hash table for faster lookup (along with a NFU algorithm for the inode cache). Steven Tweedie. - Updated FPU emulation: mostly exception handling changes, making the emulator handle most exceptions the same way a 486 does. The emulator is written by Bill Metzenthen. - a few ext2-fs updates by Remy Card and Steven Tweedie. - support for the 'fsync()' function (Steven Tweedie) - various (minor) SCSI patches to catch some error conditions, add support for VLB adaptec controllers without DMA and so on (different people). - other changes - I forget. In addition to patches sent in by others, I've naturally made my own changes (often *to* the patches sent in by others :-). Among other things, the pl10 buffer cache code now also tries to share pages with executables, resulting in better cacheing especially of binaries (giving noticeable improvements in kernel recompilation speed on some machines). Also, I've changed a lot of low-level things around to help the iBCS2 project: this includes things like internal segment handling and the signal stack (which now looks the same as on SysV i386 unixes). All in all, pl10 has a disturbing amount of new code, but will hopefully work well despite (due to?) the number of changes. The new networking code in particular will change the network setup a lot - it now looks more standard, but if you were used to the old way of doing things.. On the other hand, most people actively using the networking features have hopefully gotten warnings about this on the NET channel for the last few weeks. Also, the networking code still isn't perfect: Fred is still working on it, but it seems to have reached a reasonably stable platform on which it will be easier to build. Look out for the new-and-improved networking manual, hopefully out soon(?). Standard request: please try it all out, give it a real shakedown, and send comments/bug-reports to the appropriate place (I'm always appropriate, but you may want to send the report to the mailing lists and/or the newsgroup as well). I apologize for the lateness of the release (forcing hlu to make interim gcc releases that relied on nonstandard kernels etc), and the changes are somewhat bigger than I'd prefer, so the more testerts that try it out, the faster we can try to fix any possible problems. The new kernel has gone through various stages of ALPHA-diffs and some late ALPHA-pl10's, so there shouldn't be any major surprises, but alpha releases tend not to get even close to the coverage a real release gets... Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
Nigel Gamble makes lp driver able to use interrupts. The mmap() code is finally starting to really happen. In particular, this means that "verify_area()" is doing more - it can check the actual areas that have been mapped, rather than just blindly assume that the user can access anything in the first 3GB. For now, the mmap code only does anonymous mappings and /dev/mem. Executables are still read into memory. But the infrastructure is there. The VFS layer stops using names directly in user space - the race conditions were just too hard to handle. So pathnames are copied into kernel space before they are looked up. Ext2fs (Remy Card) and xiafs (Frank Xia) are merged. Both are much faster filesystems using bitmaps rather than freelists, and can handle big disks and big files. Ext2fs is based on extfs, while xiafs is a simpler straightforward extension of the old minixfs. Xiafs obviously was eventually dropped. [Original announcement below] It has been two weeks since the last release, so it's high time you should once more enjoy the pleasures of patching up your kernel to a higher version number if you are into those kinds of perversions. Linux 0.99pl7 is available as both full source and diffs against pl6 on nic.funet.fi: pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus, and it will probably show up on the other major sites within days. As of pl7, I'm trying out a new format: both the full distribution and the diffs are now compressed with gzip as it is now available at most machines. Also, the diffs are no longer context diffs: they use the smaller unified diff format. At least the stock SunOS 'patch' binary seems not to understand them at all, but GNU patch has no problems, and unified diffs are a bit smaller (not that it matters much after gzip has done its deed on them). As to the changes in pl7: they are many and varied, and hopefully all to the better (-"Dream on Linus" -"Shut up"). Short list follows, hope I haven't forgotten anything major. - ext2fs is in: note that this is version 0.2c and that if you are currently using an older version there are some changes. Small filesystems (< 256MB) should reportedly be automatically converted, bigger filesystems need some assistance. Ext2fs written by Remy Card. - xiafs is also in: again, the final version uses a slightly different layout to support exact file block counts, so if you use the xiafs, you should make sure you have the latest fs-tools. Xiafs written by Frank Xia. - updated Ultrastor SCSI driver with scatter/gather by Scott Taylor. It should be much faster, as well as support the Ultrastor-34F. - major changes in the memory manager. Yours truly got carried away, and finally cleaned up the mm layer due to pmacdona wanting mmap() on /dev/zero. This means that the IPC patches won't go in, and need updating. Krishna? - more big changes: I rewrote most of the VFS filename-handling. Filenames are copied into kernel space before being used, which cleaned things up somewhat, as well as simplifying some race- condition handling. As a result, I was also able to easily expand the minix fs to cover the "linux" fs that some people have been using (same layout, but with 30-character names). - updated the printer driver: Nigel Gamble. It is now able to use interrupts, although the default behaviour is still to poll. - serial driver updates by tytso (but no SLIP yet) - various minor patches for POSIX compliace: Bruce Evans, Rick Sladkey and me. - other minor patches all over the place: scsi, tcpip etc. All in all, the patches are almost half a megabyte even as unified diffs: getting the full sources might be easier than patching it all up. As always, some of the patches are actually tested by me, some aren't (and just because I wrote some of them doesn't mean I actually *tested* them: I have no idea if mmap() works on /dev/zero, although it should). I have neither a printer nor an Ultrastor controller, and I haven't got the diskspace to test out the new filesystems, so I can only hope they work "as advertized". If you have problems, I want to hear about them, so keep the reports coming, and try to pinpoint the problem as well as you can ("when I do *this* it happens every time.."). Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
Merge a lot of duplicated special file handling into fs/devices.c, and make drivers register their major numbers properly. VFS layer gets fsync virtual function. Compressed image boot, with the kernel loaded into high memory.. [original announcement below] I'm starting soon to run out of patchlevel numbers for 0.99, but I made a new release anyway (and long-time linux hackers remember my less than completely logical numbering: when I run out of numbers I'll start using alphabetical characters and other fun characters to indicate new versions :-) 0.99pl6 is mainly a syncronization release: it fixes a few bugs and changes the behaviour of 'vhangup()' to be more standard. The vhangup() changes will break some init/login stuff that depended on the earlier incorrect behaviour - not everybody may want to use pl6 until you are sure your init/login will work happily with it. Better do these things before 1.0 than to break it later. Patchlevel 6 also changes the vfs functions for special devices as well as adding a 'fsync' field to the inode-operations structure. Thus ext2fs and xfs need updating. Remy and Xia? The special file and fifo handling code is no longer supposed to be in the fs-dependent layer, but is handled by the vfs routines, as it's the same for all "normal" filesystems. Ok, here are the actual changes/features of pl6: - the kernel can be loaded in gzipped format and de-compressed at startup beyond the 1MB mark. Good for bootable rootdisks. Patches mainly by Hannu Savolainen. - I finally enabled NMI's everywhere (except at the bootup sequence), so if you have memory errors, they will hopefully now result in kernel messages ("NMI received..") - the device registration code for special devices. Special files are now registered with a special "register_[chr|blk]dev()" function. - consolidated fifo/special dev handling - vhangup patches. Note that these may break init/login badly, at least if you are using poeigl-1.7. Be careful that you don't get totally locked out of your machine. - the procfs NULL-dereferencing bugfix (michaelkjohnson) - literal next character handling (very losely based on a patch I received: I essentially rewrote it with final fixes by jrs). - fpu-emu bugfixes by Bill Metzenthen - fixes the "internal error 112" bug as well as a sign bug with zero. - fdomain driver fixes - various other minor fixes (wrongly replying to bad ip messages etc) I'm still not sure about the 387 error detection code: I have had a couple of messages that would suggest that some early clone 387's have problems with math exceptions in protected mode. With the new (as of 99pl5) test at startup this can lead to problems at boot-time. Please mail me directly if you seem to have problems with this (it should be obvious in pl6 due to debugging messages at startup). Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
net-1: paranoid queue checking to find more bugs. configuration script version #1. NFS filesystem client support by Rick Sladkey! [Original announcement below] 0.99 has no major new features: the NFS client code is now in the standard distribution, and the kernel configuration has changed, but most of the rest of the changes are fixes - especially the tcp code should now be pretty stable (knock wood). Changes: - NFS is in. As are some stubs for the soud drivers, although it's only stubs right now. - various fixes around the place: the serial problems are hopefully gone, and there are patches to both TCP/IP and SCSI to make them more stable. - Minor fixes: the keyboard buglet introduced in 0.98pl6 should be gone, and some other bugs are also corrected. The optimized read-ahead code in the filesystems (and the raw device read code) was too complicated and seemed to have problems with bad blocks, so I rewrote it, and it should hopefully work correctly now (this may have been the reason "mkfs -c" didn't work in all cases). Thanks for some good bug-reports I've gotten: I've tried to correct all the problems I got reports on. - The kernel configuration has been re-thought: I decided to take advantage of the possibilities offered by GNU make etc. This means that you no longer can compile the kernel using any other make, but there probably aren't many (if any) people doing that anyway. This way I got rid of the extremely ugly SCSI setup, so it was probably worth it. To configure the kernel for your setup, do a make config and answer the yes/no questions. After that, do a make dep to make the dependencies match your setup. After that you should still go edit the top-level Makefile for some of the configuration information as before, but the remaining config things are pretty simple. Then you can make the kernel with a simple "make Image". The new configuration utility (essentially a stupid shell script coupled with some smarts in the Makefiles) tries to minimize compilations: if you disable the SCSI code the scsi drivers won't even be compiled, much less linked in. This should be a win on slower machines. NOTE!!! Use LILO-0.7 to load the 0.98pl5 and newer kernels: any older version of lilo is liable to result in weird problems. Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
Kai Makisara does the SCSI tape driver. He's one of the few original maintainers still around as such.. isofs introduced by Eric Youngdale, based on the minixfs code. Eric was a physicist, and you can tell he was new to C - he has been Pascal-damaged, and has extra semi-colons at the end of block statements. But soon he ended up being one of the core maintainers anyway, and took over SCSI maintenance. More aggressive filesystem read-ahead introduced. [Original announcement below] Anyway, 0.98pl6 is hopefully the last release before 0.99: there are a few known problems left in this release. Most notable is the serial code: it works for most people, but others still have problems with it. I hope this will get fixed within a week (tytso is working on it). It also seems as if the PS/2 mouse code has some problems. pl6 contains these fixes: - all the tcp/ip patches I've received (and I fixed one bug that gcc-2.3 seems to have found). - math-emu patch for the problem that resulted in FPU errors with some operations. - I fixed gcc-2.3 warnings as well as most of the old warnings. You shouldn't get more than one or two warnings when recompiling the whole kernel. - /proc filesystem extensions. Based on ideas (and some code) by Darren Senn, but mostly written by yours truly. More about that later. - some tty_io fixes (there was a bug in the /dev/console handling when you changed VC's while using the general console device). - re-organization of the keyboard-driver internal data-structures. The changes are mostly preliminary: they change the keyboard flags to be more easily adaptive to a reprogrammable keyboard driver. No actual new features yet. - new SCSI drivers: reportedly much faster than the old ones (but not all drivers take advantage of it yet..) - various other fixes: pty's etc have minor changes. I hope to make 0.99 in a week or so, and 1.0 after that has been tested some. I hope people will test out pl6 - 0.99 won't be much different, and if you don't test pl6, any bugs relating to your particular hardware may not be found in time for 0.99... Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
Rename "malloc()/free()" as "kmalloc()/kfree()" to make people more aware of some of the limitations. Math emulator updates to handle the case that Linux (unlike the original djgpp target) can get preempted by user space accesses. Make "ll_rw_blk()" take an array of blocks to read/write. VFS "notify_change()" callback, to allow the low-level filesystem to decide what it wants to do about metadata changes. Deprecate old "stat()" call by printing out a warning on use. NR_OPEN is now 256 files per process, and the old "unsigned long" bitops needed to go away. This causes lots of syntactic changes in select(). System call tracing implemented for ptrace(). [Original announcement below] - the inode caching bug (resulting in bad filesystem info when mounting/umounting devices) should be gone for good. - an elusive race-condition in the fs is fixed: this may have been the reason some people got fsck errors once in a while. The race-condition was pretty hard to find, and depends on a lot of things (buffer cache size, speed of the disk and computer speed). - fpu emulator patches (mainly for the re-entrancy problem) by me and W. Metzenthen. - various wait-queue changes - the kernel uses the waiting mechanism more efficiently now. - the NFS client support code is there: the actual nfs code is still in alpha (although reported to be pretty stable) and has to be gotten separately. - NR_OPEN was changed from 32 to 256 (which is what SunOS seems to use, so I hope it won't need any further changes). This has lead to some incompatibilities (GNU emacs and the term program seem to need recompilation to work correctly), as the 'select()' system call has a slightly changed interface due to the new fd_set definition. - the process kernel stack is now on a separate page (needed due to the fact that the task_struct has now grown to almost 3kB due to the NR_OPEN changes). This also means 'ps' needs patches.. My patches to ps-0.98 are available as 'ps-diff.Z' in the same directory as the kernel sources and diffs. - various other changes: system call tracing by Ross Biro. Changed ll_rw_block interface (performance reasons: it will eventually be changed to accept several requests at once). Malloc() was changed and renamed to kmalloc() due to the new interface. Some tcp/ip patches (inode counting correction and some other changes). 0.98.4 should hopefully be pretty stable: the main problem areas are probably still tcp/ip and some of the tty code. I'd appreciate comments, bug-reports etc. Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
Ted Ts'o did extensive serial driver changes, and fixed up some of the tty layer to match. Tty's now allocated dynamically. [Original announcement below] This patch does not contain any major bug-fixes: it corrects named pipes that broke with pl5, and has some minor changes in the IO-instructions and the hd-driver, but those shouldn't matter for most of you. It does contain all the scsi-patches that I've gotten so far, so if the bootup sequence died on you in the scsi code, pl6 should correct this. The major part of the patch is tytso's serial line changes, making the tty structures dynamic. No more NR_PTY's - the number of pty's is now bounded only by the minor number setup (max 64 pty's) or the amount of memory available (opening a pty requires a page of memory for tty queues). Similarly for serial lines. The above just means that while pl6 can be useful, the changes to pl5 aren't big enough to worry about. Most people don't use named pipes, it seems, and the other changes are either cosmetic or hardware-dependent. I still hope people upgrade, if only so that I can get new bug-reports. I had hoped to release 0.98 this weekend, but studies and the scsi/hd problems put an end to that. 0.98 should be out next weekend or so. Expect the tcp/ip subdirectory and possibly some mm changes. Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
Move <xxx.h> to <linux/xxxx.h> Variable-sized buffer blocks and dynamic buffer cache allocation. The VM knows how to shrink it automatically! Add support for "fast" interrupt handlers for serial lines. Update copyrights to say 1992 too. Remove broken VESA video card handling. Separate out partition handling code ("genhd"). Make init unkillable. Norwegian keyboard map. Future Domain SCSI controller driver by Rik Faith. Changes in 0.97: - The VESA-support was removed. I'd be happy to put it back once it works on all hardware. Instead of the VESA-code, I finally put in the automatic SVGA setup patches. See the top-level Makefile. - The IRQ code has solidified, and should work on all machines. Not all of the SCSI drivers use it yet, so I expect patches for that.. - Serial interrupts are handled slightly differently, and performance should be up. I've sent out a few alpha-releases, and testing seems to indicate that's actually true this time. Reactions have ranged from "nice" to "wonderful" :-) - The buffer-cache and memory management code has been edited quite a bit. ps/free etc programs that reads kernel memory directly no longer work, and even a recompilation won't be enough. They actually need editing before they work. The buffer-cache now grows and shrinks dynamically depending on how much free memory there is. Shift+PrintScreen will give some memory statistics. (Ctrl+PrSc gives task-info, ALT+PrSc gives current register values). The mm code changes removed some race-conditions in the VM code, and I also tried to make the Out-of-swapspace error less severe (better thrashing-detection etc). - The super-block code has been cleaned up. Especially the extended fs needs to be edited a bit to take advantage of the new setup, and I expect Remy Card will have a patch out eventually. - include-files have been moved around some more: there are still some names that clash with the standard headers, but not many. - Unswappable processes implemented: by default only 'init' is unswappable. This is a bit safer in low-memory conditions, as at least init won't die due to low memory. I also made killing init impossible: if init doesn't recognize a signal, it simply won't get it. Some other changes ("while (1) fork();" won't kill the machine for non-root users etc) - The new SCSI drivers are in. These make the kernel noticeably bigger, but you can leave them out if you don't want them. - The floppy- and hd-drivers print out more debugging-info in case of errors: this might be irritating if you have hardware that works, but often gives soft-errors. On the other hand, some old debugging-info was removed - notably for user-level protection errors etc. - Various minor fixes. I haven't made cdiffs (and I haven't gotten any requests for them, so I probably never will), but they would be pretty big. Things that I didn't have time for: - I wanted to rewrite the tty drivers to be more "streams-like" (ie not an actual streams-implementation, but some of the ideas from streams). I never got around to it: there was simply too much else to do. - I got a lot of patches, and some went in, others didn't. If you think your patch was important, please re-send it relative to the new version. I'd like comments on the new system: performance / clarity of code etc. 0.97 should correct all known bugs (at least the ones I know about), but I guess that's just wishful thinking. Note that the dynamic buffer-code also handles differently-sized buffers, but that the rest of the system (block device drivers, filesystem code etc) cannot yet take advantage of this - there is still some coding needed. Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
More VFS layer work: remove more special cases, and take advantage of the virtual VFS functions (close and select). Add fchown/fchgrp and [f]truncate. Orest Zborowski shows up, and works on porting X11 to X. This needs a lot of infrastructure support: ioperm() for user-mode IO port access, and SVR style virtual terminal ioctl's to make porting easier. Perhaps more importantly, the mmap() system call shows up, even if it right now is limited only to a direct /dev/mem remapping. [Original changelog below] - truncate/ftruncate/fchmod/fchown system calls note that there aren't any library functions for these, so they aren't very useful yet... [f]truncate needed a change in the logic of the internal truncate VFS call - anybody that has any nonstandard filesystem probably needs to look it up. - io-bitmap syscalls giving root-processes access to selected io ports from user space. There is a "ioperm()" system call that lets the process select which ports it wants to enable/disable (all ports disabled as default) as well as a (standard sysv?) ioctl interface that X uses. again, no library stubs, but it allows things like reading and setting the cmos clock without using /dev/port, as well as control over the VGA registers... - mmap for /dev/mem more things needed for X... - the signal-handling fixes needed for gdb These aren't yet complete: serial lines still send signals under interrupts that can result in problems (ie ptrace doesn't correctly get them), but that's pretty unlikely (and will be fixed in the final 0.96). Breakpoints should work etc.. - multiple shared libraries Up to 6 simultaneous shared libraries/process: the patches were originally by pmacdona, but they were heavily changed by me, and I think they work in a more natural manner now. One user-level change is that the libraries are now checked for read and execute permissions for safety-reasons. - cleaned up special files. read/write/ioctl no longer has special-case code: it is all handled with tables to functions. This will mean that the SCSI patches won't patch in quite cleanly into 0.96: you'll need to add the code that sets up the functions. Again: device drivers and vfs-filesystem hackers need to look into the changes, although they are pretty logical (earlier versions just didn't implement all the vfs-routines) Note that the vfs-code for select is still not used: select is hardcoded for the devices it supports right now. - ptrace() has a new interface as gdb for versions < 0.95c don't work on the new version, and gdb won't work very well at all on 0.95c[+], there was no reason not to break ptrace. Thus 0.96 has a new calling convention for ptrace, and the old ptrace library function no longer works. I'm including the new ptrace library function at the end of this post. - mount() takes 4 arguments, and checks that only the super-user can mount/umount things. Happily this shouldn't break any old binaries. - some general cleanups
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Linus Torvalds authored
Ext filesystem support! The VFS layer switchover was successful. Ext support is a more FFS-like filesystem, although still quite heavily influenced by my original Minix filesystem. But it allows much bigger filesystems (minixfs was limited to 64MB) and many more files (minixfs had a 16-bit inode number). Named pipes by Paul Hargrove (using the regular pipe code for actual IO). [original announcement below] 0.96c is actually what I called patch3 earlier this week, but as the new features were pretty big and the cdiff's are probably going to be bigger than the normal patches, I decided I might as well make it a totally new minor release and make a bootimage and complete source available. 0.96c contains: - bugfixes (tty, console driver, pty's, sockets) - fifo's (names pipes - Paul Hargrove & editing by me) - the alpha extended filesystem (Remy Card) - st_blocks implemented (ie du, ls give reasonable if not exact values for disk-space used) - Makefile cleanups and warnings at compile-time removed Note that while the extended filesystem code is there, and this kernel successfully mounts and uses the new filesystem (with long filenames and >64MB partitions), it's still under testing: I haven't made the mkefs program available, and the extended filesystem features shouldn't be used for other than testing right now. Some of the changes are just cleanups: most of the warnings when compiling the new kernel should be gone (not counting the scsi code which is still the old non-cleaned-up version), and the make'ing of the kernel is more logical now. The bugfixes include the corrected console.c driver, the socket corrections (without which X sometimes locks up), some pty semantics corrections (although I'm still not certain it's correct) and some editing in the general tty driver (including fixing the bug introduced in 0.96b.pl2 that caused a reboot with uninitialized tty devices). While the extended filesystem support isn't "official" yet, I can happily report that my limited testing hasn't found any problems with long filenames etc. It still needs a fsck program, but 1.0 looks like a real possibility soon. Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
First cut at core-dumping. Also, do more dynamic boottime memory allocation, rather than allocating data structures statically. Allocate task structures at run-time rather than having a big array of them. First "obsolete" system call. The old "stat()" system call was too limited, due to "struct stat" having various 16-bit fields etc (notably inode numbers). We make a new stat() function, and keep the old one around as "old_stat()" for binary compatibility. We also need a bigger "utsname" to hold real node names. Whoo! NR_OPEN is now 32 rather than 20. itimer() support driven by X11 adoption (Darren Senn). gcc starts using fsqrt, so that gets added to the FP emulation. We're still basing that on my trivial code. [Original changelog below] 0.96b is not a new major release: it's pretty close to 0.96a with all my patches (1-4). However, as there has been 4 patches already, I decided it would be time for a full kernel release along with a bootimage, so that people who don't feel confident with patching can use the new features. If you already have 0.96a patchlevel 4, 0.96b will offer you these new features: - the math-emulation now handles fsqrt, as gcc-2.2.2 generates that inline. I haven't tested the kernel code at all: I tested the algorithm in user space, but I'm lazy, so I never turned off my 387 to do real testing. I hope it works. - better vt100 terminal emulation thanks to Mika Liljeberg. - I removed a possible race-condition in the buffer-cache code. - minor fixes The vt100 emulation should now be complete enough for almost everything (including vt100 test suites): as a result the setterm utility had to be changed (as the old setterm codes aren't compatible with the full vt100 codes). setterm-0.96b.tar.Z contains the new setterm. The soon-to-be-released gcc-2.2.2 will need the 0.96b kernel: (a) due to the fsqrt emulation and (b) it uses the new stat() system call. So upgrading is a good idea. (If you have a co-processor, (a) isn't used, but (b) still stands) If you have an unpatched 0.96a, the differences to 0.96b are roughly (not counting the above-mentioned new things): - corrected the disk-buffer-list bug with read/write-errors - fixed read-ahead warning messages at end of disk - better support for text-mode restoration after running MGR and X - full core-dumping, attach/detach etc debugging features - 16550A support - less low 1MB memory used for kernel structures - various minor fixes Note that the fact that new versions (pl4 and above) use more memory in the 1M+ area means that linux will report less free memory (it's used for buffer-cache instead). This could concievably be a problem on 2MB machines. The standard kernel comes with only 4 pty's though, and if you use the standard 80x25 text modes instead of svga modes, the VC buffers will be smaller. Please contact me if there are problems even with this minimal setup. 0.96b does /not/ contain: the new scsi drivers, new filesystems or some other patches I have gotten (ibm character set mode, loop-devices etc). If you have sent me any other patch, you might want to remind me about it. Linus
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Linus Torvalds authored
More VFS cleanups. Minixfs code reorganized to be more logical, and split up into a few new files. SCSI support!! - Drew Eckhardt does the SCSI stuff, and does the ST01/ST02 lowlevel driver. - Ultrastor driver by David Gentzel. - Tommy Thorn shows up again. He did the Danish keyboard tables, now he does the AHA 1542 driver. Ten years later we ended up being co-workers at Transmeta ;) First networking code appears: X11 port needs UNIX domain sockets, and thus the "socketcall()" system call. It's not really meant for real networking, although the code will eventually evolve to support that. Which explains some of the bad early decisions.. ;) Werner Almerberger starts taking over floppy driver maintenance. Thank Gods! Johan Myreen translates my assembly-level keyboard driver into C code, and adds support for diacriticals. OMAGIC a.out format support Syslog support for the kernel appears. If I remember correctly, this was Peter MacDonald, but no mention of that in the sources.
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Linus Torvalds authored
Bruce Evans shows up here quickly. Bruce was the author of the Minix/386 patches, and had been one of my sounding boards for my early development, so it was very gratifying to see him get interested in Linux. As it turned out, what he was _really_ interested in was the serial driver, and the Linux serial driver was already in reasonably good shape. As a result, Bruce went off to work on 386BSD instead (where the serial driver was truly crappy), but here he worked on some boot loader cleanups. Bruce was my hero. Anyway... More VFS work here: readdir, bmap and ioctl's are now virtual operations, and the superblock code is properly virtualized. Other changes: - James Wiegand writes initial parallell port printer driver - major/minor fault tracking - I rewrote big chunks of ptrace.c
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Linus Torvalds authored
This was the first kernel that got released under the GPL (0.12 had a time-lapse to make sure the people involved accepted the license change: nobody ever complained). Because 0.12 had been so successful, this was supposed to be closer to 1.0. Yeah, right. 1.0 was eventually released almost exactly two years later.. The big change here is the first signs of a real VFS layer: while the only available filesystem is still the Minix-compatible one, the code is factored out, and the Minix-specific stuff is put in its own directory. You can clearly see how the thing is moving towards having multiple different filesystems. The VFS changes also cause cleanups in various drivers, since we end up having more clear inode operation structure pointer handling. Superblock handling is still minix-specific.. NOTE! We also have /bin/init finally. It still falls through to the old "run shells forever" case if no init can be found, but it's starting to look a whole more like real UNIX user-land now.. New developers: Ross Biro shows up, and does ptrace. He will later end up doing the first-generation networking code. Other changes: - UK and Danish keyboard maps (and the keyboard driver supported "Application mode" keys from vt100+) - Make sure interrupts clear the 'D'irection flag - Floppy driver gets track buffer, which speeds it up immensely. This was done based on patches by Lawrence Foard (entropy@wintermute.wpi.edu) - Lots of buffer cache cleanups. - support nonblocking pipe file descriptors - recursive symlink support - sys_swapon() means that we don't have to select the swap device at build (or boot) time ("Written 01/25/92 by Simmule Turner, heavily changed by Linus") - start some generic timer work (ugh, but these first timers were _horrible_ hardcoded things) - ptrace for debugging - console size query support with TIOC[G|S]WINSZ - /dev/kmem ("by Damiano") - rebooting (with ctrl-alt-del or sys_reboot()). From the release notes: New features of 0.95, in order of appearance (ie in the order you see them) Init/login Yeah, thanks to poe (Peter Orbaeck (sp?)), linux now boots up like a real unix with a login-prompt. Login as root (no passwd), and change your /etc/passwd to your hearts delight (and add other logins in /etc/inittab etc). Bash is even bigger It's really a bummer to boot up from floppies: bash takes a long time to load. Bash is also now so big that I couldn't fit compress and tar onto the root-floppy: You'll probably want the old rootimage-0.12 just in order to get tar+compress onto your harddisk. If anybody has pointers to a simple shell that is freely distributable, it might be a good idea to use that for the root-diskette. Especially with a small buffer-cache, things aren't fun. Don't worry: linux runs much better on a harddisk. Virtual consoles on any (?) hardware. You can select one of several consoles by pressing the left alt-key and a function key at the same time. Linux should report the number of virtual consoles available upon bootup. /dev/tty0 is now "the current" screen, /dev/tty1 is the main console, and /dev/tty2-8 can exist depending on your text-mode or card. The virtual consoles also have some new screen-handling commands: they confirm even better to vt200 control codes than 0.11. Special graphic characters etc: you can well use them as terminals to VMS (although that's a shameful waste of resources), and the PF1-4 keys work somewhat in the application-key mode. Symbolic links. 0.95 now allows symlinks to point to other symlinks etc (the maximum depth is a rather arbitrary 5 links). 0.12 didn't like more than one level of indirection. Virtual memory. VM under 0.95 should be better than under 0.12: no more lockups (as far as I have seen), and you can now swap to the filesystem as well as to a special partition. There are two programs to handle this: mkswap to set up a swap-file/partition and swapon to start up swapping. mkswap needs either a partition or a file that already exists to make a swap-area. To make a swap-file, do this: # dd bs=1024 count=NN if=/dev/hda of=swapfile # mkswap swapfile NN The first command just makes a file that is NN blocks long (initializing it from /dev/hda, but that could be anything). The second command then writes the necessary setup-info into the file. To start swapping, write # swapon swapfile NOTE! 'dd' isn't on the rootdisk: you have to install some things onto the harddisk before you can get up and running. NOTE2! When linux runs totally out of virtual memory, things slow down dramatically. It tries to keep on running as long as it can, but at least it shouldn't lock up any more. ^C should work, although you might have to wait a while for it.. Faster floppies Ok, you don't notice this much when booting up from a floppy: bash has grown, so it takes longer to load, and the optimizations work mostly with sequential accesses. When you start un-taring floppies to get the programs onto your harddisk, you'll notice that it's much faster now. That should be about the only use for floppies under a unix: nobody in their right mind uses floppies as filesystems. Better FS-independence Hopefully you'll never even notice this, but the filesystem has been partly rewritten to make it less minix-fs-specific. I haven't implemented all the VFS-patches I got, so it's still not ready, but it's getting there, slowly. And that's it, I think. Happy hacking. Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
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