- 07 Jun, 2019 5 commits
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpfDavid S. Miller authored
Daniel Borkmann says: ==================== pull-request: bpf 2019-06-07 The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net* tree. The main changes are: 1) Fix several bugs in riscv64 JIT code emission which forgot to clear high 32-bits for alu32 ops, from Björn and Luke with selftests covering all relevant BPF alu ops from Björn and Jiong. 2) Two fixes for UDP BPF reuseport that avoid calling the program in case of __udp6_lib_err and UDP GRO which broke reuseport_select_sock() assumption that skb->data is pointing to transport header, from Martin. 3) Two fixes for BPF sockmap: a use-after-free from sleep in psock's backlog workqueue, and a missing restore of sk_write_space when psock gets dropped, from Jakub and John. 4) Fix unconnected UDP sendmsg hook API which is insufficient as-is since it breaks standard applications like DNS if reverse NAT is not performed upon receive, from Daniel. 5) Fix an out-of-bounds read in __bpf_skc_lookup which in case of AF_INET6 fails to verify that the length of the tuple is long enough, from Lorenz. 6) Fix libbpf's libbpf__probe_raw_btf to return an fd instead of 0/1 (for {un,}successful probe) as that is expected to be propagated as an fd to load_sk_storage_btf() and thus closing the wrong descriptor otherwise, from Michal. 7) Fix bpftool's JSON output for the case when a lookup fails, from Krzesimir. 8) Minor misc fixes in docs, samples and selftests, from various others. ==================== Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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David S. Miller authored
Merge tag 'wireless-drivers-for-davem-2019-06-07' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kvalo/wireless-drivers Kalle Valo says: ==================== wireless-drivers fixes for 5.2 First set of fixes for 5.2. Most important here are buffer overflow fixes for mwifiex. rtw88 * fix out of bounds compiler warning * fix rssi handling to get 4x more throughput * avoid circular locking rsi * fix unitilised data warning, these are hopefully the last ones so that the warning can be enabled by default mwifiex * fix buffer overflows iwlwifi * remove not used debugfs file * various fixes ==================== Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/netLinus Torvalds authored
Pull networking fixes from David Miller: 1) Free AF_PACKET po->rollover properly, from Willem de Bruijn. 2) Read SFP eeprom in max 16 byte increments to avoid problems with some SFP modules, from Russell King. 3) Fix UDP socket lookup wrt. VRF, from Tim Beale. 4) Handle route invalidation properly in s390 qeth driver, from Julian Wiedmann. 5) Memory leak on unload in RDS, from Zhu Yanjun. 6) sctp_process_init leak, from Neil HOrman. 7) Fix fib_rules rule insertion semantic change that broke Android, from Hangbin Liu. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (33 commits) pktgen: do not sleep with the thread lock held. net: mvpp2: Use strscpy to handle stat strings net: rds: fix memory leak in rds_ib_flush_mr_pool ipv6: fix EFAULT on sendto with icmpv6 and hdrincl ipv6: use READ_ONCE() for inet->hdrincl as in ipv4 Revert "fib_rules: return 0 directly if an exactly same rule exists when NLM_F_EXCL not supplied" net: aquantia: fix wol configuration not applied sometimes ethtool: fix potential userspace buffer overflow Fix memory leak in sctp_process_init net: rds: fix memory leak when unload rds_rdma ipv6: fix the check before getting the cookie in rt6_get_cookie ipv4: not do cache for local delivery if bc_forwarding is enabled s390/qeth: handle error when updating TX queue count s390/qeth: fix VLAN attribute in bridge_hostnotify udev event s390/qeth: check dst entry before use s390/qeth: handle limited IPv4 broadcast in L3 TX path net: fix indirect calls helpers for ptype list hooks. net: ipvlan: Fix ipvlan device tso disabled while NETIF_F_IP_CSUM is set udp: only choose unbound UDP socket for multicast when not in a VRF net/tls: replace the sleeping lock around RX resync with a bit lock ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdmaLinus Torvalds authored
Pull rdma fixes from Jason Gunthorpe: "Things are looking pretty quiet here in RDMA, not too many bug fixes rolling in right now. The usual driver bug fixes and fixes for a couple of regressions introduced in 5.2: - Fix a race on bootup with RDMA device renaming and srp. SRP also needs to rename its internal sys files - Fix a memory leak in hns - Don't leak resources in efa on certain error unwinds - Don't panic in certain error unwinds in ib_register_device - Various small user visible bug fix patches for the hfi and efa drivers - Fix the 32 bit compilation break" * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma: RDMA/efa: Remove MAYEXEC flag check from mmap flow mlx5: avoid 64-bit division IB/hfi1: Validate page aligned for a given virtual address IB/{qib, hfi1, rdmavt}: Correct ibv_devinfo max_mr value IB/hfi1: Insure freeze_work work_struct is canceled on shutdown IB/rdmavt: Fix alloc_qpn() WARN_ON() RDMA/core: Fix panic when port_data isn't initialized RDMA/uverbs: Pass udata on uverbs error unwind RDMA/core: Clear out the udata before error unwind RDMA/hns: Fix PD memory leak for internal allocation RDMA/srp: Rename SRP sysfs name after IB device rename trigger
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull arm64 fixes from Will Deacon: "Another round of mostly-benign fixes, the exception being a boot crash on SVE2-capable CPUs (although I don't know where you'd find such a thing, so maybe it's benign too). We're in the process of resolving some big-endian ptrace breakage, so I'll probably have some more for you next week. Summary: - Fix boot crash on platforms with SVE2 due to missing register encoding - Fix architected timer accessors when CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_INLINING=y - Move cpu_logical_map into smp.h for use by upcoming irqchip drivers - Trivial typo fix in comment - Disable some useless, noisy warnings from GCC 9" * tag 'arm64-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: arm64: Silence gcc warnings about arch ABI drift ARM64: trivial: s/TIF_SECOMP/TIF_SECCOMP/ comment typo fix arm64: arch_timer: mark functions as __always_inline arm64: smp: Moved cpu_logical_map[] to smp.h arm64: cpufeature: Fix missing ZFR0 in __read_sysreg_by_encoding()
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- 06 Jun, 2019 34 commits
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Alexei Starovoitov authored
Daniel Borkmann says: ==================== Please refer to the patch 1/6 as the main patch with the details on the current sendmsg hook API limitations and proposal to fix it in order to work with basic applications like DNS. Remaining patches are the usual uapi and tooling updates as well as test cases. Thanks a lot! v2 -> v3: - Add attach types to test_section_names.c and libbpf (Andrey) - Added given Acks, rest as-is v1 -> v2: - Split off uapi header sync and bpftool bits (Martin, Alexei) - Added missing bpftool doc and bash completion as well ==================== Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Add cgroup/recvmsg{4,6} to test_section_names as well. Test run output: # ./test_section_names libbpf: failed to guess program type based on ELF section name 'InvAliD' libbpf: supported section(type) names are: [...] libbpf: failed to guess attach type based on ELF section name 'InvAliD' libbpf: attachable section(type) names are: [...] libbpf: failed to guess program type based on ELF section name 'cgroup' libbpf: supported section(type) names are: [...] libbpf: failed to guess attach type based on ELF section name 'cgroup' libbpf: attachable section(type) names are: [...] Summary: 38 PASSED, 0 FAILED Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Extend test_sock_addr for recvmsg test cases, bigger parts of the sendmsg code can be reused for this. Below are the strace view of the recvmsg rewrites; the sendmsg side does not have a BPF prog connected to it for the context of this test: IPv4 test case: [pid 4846] bpf(BPF_PROG_ATTACH, {target_fd=3, attach_bpf_fd=4, attach_type=0x13 /* BPF_??? */, attach_flags=BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE}, 112) = 0 [pid 4846] socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 5 [pid 4846] bind(5, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(4444), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 128) = 0 [pid 4846] socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 6 [pid 4846] sendmsg(6, {msg_name={sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(4444), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, msg_namelen=128, msg_iov=[{iov_base="a", iov_len=1}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 1 [pid 4846] select(6, [5], NULL, NULL, {tv_sec=2, tv_usec=0}) = 1 (in [5], left {tv_sec=1, tv_usec=999995}) [pid 4846] recvmsg(5, {msg_name={sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(4040), sin_addr=inet_addr("192.168.1.254")}, msg_namelen=128->16, msg_iov=[{iov_base="a", iov_len=64}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 1 [pid 4846] close(6) = 0 [pid 4846] close(5) = 0 [pid 4846] bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, {target_fd=3, attach_type=0x13 /* BPF_??? */}, 112) = 0 IPv6 test case: [pid 4846] bpf(BPF_PROG_ATTACH, {target_fd=3, attach_bpf_fd=4, attach_type=0x14 /* BPF_??? */, attach_flags=BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE}, 112) = 0 [pid 4846] socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 5 [pid 4846] bind(5, {sa_family=AF_INET6, sin6_port=htons(6666), inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1", &sin6_addr), sin6_flowinfo=htonl(0), sin6_scope_id=0}, 128) = 0 [pid 4846] socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 6 [pid 4846] sendmsg(6, {msg_name={sa_family=AF_INET6, sin6_port=htons(6666), inet_pton(AF_INET6, "::1", &sin6_addr), sin6_flowinfo=htonl(0), sin6_scope_id=0}, msg_namelen=128, msg_iov=[{iov_base="a", iov_len=1}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 1 [pid 4846] select(6, [5], NULL, NULL, {tv_sec=2, tv_usec=0}) = 1 (in [5], left {tv_sec=1, tv_usec=999996}) [pid 4846] recvmsg(5, {msg_name={sa_family=AF_INET6, sin6_port=htons(6060), inet_pton(AF_INET6, "face:b00c:1234:5678::abcd", &sin6_addr), sin6_flowinfo=htonl(0), sin6_scope_id=0}, msg_namelen=128->28, msg_iov=[{iov_base="a", iov_len=64}], msg_iovlen=1, msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 1 [pid 4846] close(6) = 0 [pid 4846] close(5) = 0 [pid 4846] bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, {target_fd=3, attach_type=0x14 /* BPF_??? */}, 112) = 0 test_sock_addr run w/o strace view: # ./test_sock_addr.sh [...] Test case: recvmsg4: return code ok .. [PASS] Test case: recvmsg4: return code !ok .. [PASS] Test case: recvmsg6: return code ok .. [PASS] Test case: recvmsg6: return code !ok .. [PASS] Test case: recvmsg4: rewrite IP & port (asm) .. [PASS] Test case: recvmsg6: rewrite IP & port (asm) .. [PASS] [...] Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Andrey Ignatov <rdna@fb.com> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Trivial patch to bpftool in order to complete enabling attaching programs to BPF_CGROUP_UDP{4,6}_RECVMSG. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Andrey Ignatov <rdna@fb.com> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Another trivial patch to libbpf in order to enable identifying and attaching programs to BPF_CGROUP_UDP{4,6}_RECVMSG by section name. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Sync BPF uapi header in order to pull in BPF_CGROUP_UDP{4,6}_RECVMSG attach types. This is done and preferred as an extra patch in order to ease sync of libbpf. Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Andrey Ignatov <rdna@fb.com> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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Daniel Borkmann authored
Intention of cgroup bind/connect/sendmsg BPF hooks is to act transparently to applications as also stated in original motivation in 7828f20e ("Merge branch 'bpf-cgroup-bind-connect'"). When recently integrating the latter two hooks into Cilium to enable host based load-balancing with Kubernetes, I ran into the issue that pods couldn't start up as DNS got broken. Kubernetes typically sets up DNS as a service and is thus subject to load-balancing. Upon further debugging, it turns out that the cgroupv2 sendmsg BPF hooks API is currently insufficient and thus not usable as-is for standard applications shipped with most distros. To break down the issue we ran into with a simple example: # cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 147.75.207.207 nameserver 147.75.207.208 For the purpose of a simple test, we set up above IPs as service IPs and transparently redirect traffic to a different DNS backend server for that node: # cilium service list ID Frontend Backend 1 147.75.207.207:53 1 => 8.8.8.8:53 2 147.75.207.208:53 1 => 8.8.8.8:53 The attached BPF program is basically selecting one of the backends if the service IP/port matches on the cgroup hook. DNS breaks here, because the hooks are not transparent enough to applications which have built-in msg_name address checks: # nslookup 1.1.1.1 ;; reply from unexpected source: 8.8.8.8#53, expected 147.75.207.207#53 ;; reply from unexpected source: 8.8.8.8#53, expected 147.75.207.208#53 ;; reply from unexpected source: 8.8.8.8#53, expected 147.75.207.207#53 [...] ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached # dig 1.1.1.1 ;; reply from unexpected source: 8.8.8.8#53, expected 147.75.207.207#53 ;; reply from unexpected source: 8.8.8.8#53, expected 147.75.207.208#53 ;; reply from unexpected source: 8.8.8.8#53, expected 147.75.207.207#53 [...] ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.7-Ubuntu <<>> 1.1.1.1 ;; global options: +cmd ;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached For comparison, if none of the service IPs is used, and we tell nslookup to use 8.8.8.8 directly it works just fine, of course: # nslookup 1.1.1.1 8.8.8.8 1.1.1.1.in-addr.arpa name = one.one.one.one. In order to fix this and thus act more transparent to the application, this needs reverse translation on recvmsg() side. A minimal fix for this API is to add similar recvmsg() hooks behind the BPF cgroups static key such that the program can track state and replace the current sockaddr_in{,6} with the original service IP. From BPF side, this basically tracks the service tuple plus socket cookie in an LRU map where the reverse NAT can then be retrieved via map value as one example. Side-note: the BPF cgroups static key should be converted to a per-hook static key in future. Same example after this fix: # cilium service list ID Frontend Backend 1 147.75.207.207:53 1 => 8.8.8.8:53 2 147.75.207.208:53 1 => 8.8.8.8:53 Lookups work fine now: # nslookup 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1.in-addr.arpa name = one.one.one.one. Authoritative answers can be found from: # dig 1.1.1.1 ; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1ubuntu1.7-Ubuntu <<>> 1.1.1.1 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 51550 ;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;1.1.1.1. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: . 23426 IN SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2019052001 1800 900 604800 86400 ;; Query time: 17 msec ;; SERVER: 147.75.207.207#53(147.75.207.207) ;; WHEN: Tue May 21 12:59:38 UTC 2019 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 111 And from an actual packet level it shows that we're using the back end server when talking via 147.75.207.20{7,8} front end: # tcpdump -i any udp [...] 12:59:52.698732 IP foo.42011 > google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain: 18803+ PTR? 1.1.1.1.in-addr.arpa. (38) 12:59:52.698735 IP foo.42011 > google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain: 18803+ PTR? 1.1.1.1.in-addr.arpa. (38) 12:59:52.701208 IP google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain > foo.42011: 18803 1/0/0 PTR one.one.one.one. (67) 12:59:52.701208 IP google-public-dns-a.google.com.domain > foo.42011: 18803 1/0/0 PTR one.one.one.one. (67) [...] In order to be flexible and to have same semantics as in sendmsg BPF programs, we only allow return codes in [1,1] range. In the sendmsg case the program is called if msg->msg_name is present which can be the case in both, connected and unconnected UDP. The former only relies on the sockaddr_in{,6} passed via connect(2) if passed msg->msg_name was NULL. Therefore, on recvmsg side, we act in similar way to call into the BPF program whenever a non-NULL msg->msg_name was passed independent of sk->sk_state being TCP_ESTABLISHED or not. Note that for TCP case, the msg->msg_name is ignored in the regular recvmsg path and therefore not relevant. For the case of ip{,v6}_recv_error() paths, picked up via MSG_ERRQUEUE, the hook is not called. This is intentional as it aligns with the same semantics as in case of TCP cgroup BPF hooks right now. This might be better addressed in future through a different bpf_attach_type such that this case can be distinguished from the regular recvmsg paths, for example. Fixes: 1cedee13 ("bpf: Hooks for sys_sendmsg") Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net> Acked-by: Andrey Ignatov <rdna@fb.com> Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com> Acked-by: Martynas Pumputis <m@lambda.lt> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/deller/parisc-linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull parisc fixes from Helge Deller: - Fix crashes when accessing PCI devices on some machines like C240 and J5000. The crashes were triggered because we replaced cache flushes by nops in the alternative coding where we shouldn't for some machines. - Dave fixed a race in the usage of the sr1 space register when used to load the coherence index. - Use the hardware lpa instruction to to load the physical address of kernel virtual addresses in the iommu driver code. - The kernel may fail to link when CONFIG_MLONGCALLS isn't set. Solve that by rearranging functions in the final vmlinux executeable. - Some defconfig cleanups and removal of compiler warnings. * 'parisc-5.2-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/deller/parisc-linux: parisc: Fix crash due alternative coding for NP iopdir_fdc bit parisc: Use lpa instruction to load physical addresses in driver code parisc: configs: Remove useless UEVENT_HELPER_PATH parisc: Use implicit space register selection for loading the coherence index of I/O pdirs parisc: Fix compiler warnings in float emulation code parisc/slab: cleanup after /proc/slab_allocators removal parisc: Allow building 64-bit kernel without -mlong-calls compiler option parisc: Kconfig: remove ARCH_DISCARD_MEMBLOCK
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
Pull crypto fixes from Herbert Xu: "This fixes a regression that breaks the jitterentropy RNG and a potential memory leak in hmac" * 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: crypto: hmac - fix memory leak in hmac_init_tfm() crypto: jitterentropy - change back to module_init()
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull xfs fixes from Darrick Wong: "Here are a couple more bug fixes for 5.2. Changes since last update: - Fix some forgotten strings in a log debugging function - Fix incorrect unit conversion in online fsck code" * tag 'xfs-5.2-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: xfs: inode btree scrubber should calculate im_boffset correctly xfs: fix broken log reservation debugging
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gfs2/linux-gfs2Linus Torvalds authored
Pull gfs2 fix from Andreas Gruenbacher: "A revert for a patch that turned out to be broken" * tag 'gfs2-v5.2.fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gfs2/linux-gfs2: Revert "gfs2: Replace gl_revokes with a GLF flag"
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/vfsLinus Torvalds authored
Pull overlayfs fixes from Miklos Szeredi: "Here's one fix for a class of bugs triggered by syzcaller, and one that makes xfstests fail less" * tag 'ovl-fixes-5.2-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/vfs: ovl: doc: add non-standard corner cases ovl: detect overlapping layers ovl: support the FS_IOC_FS[SG]ETXATTR ioctls
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/fuseLinus Torvalds authored
Pull fuse fixes from Miklos Szeredi: "This fixes a leaked inode lock in an error cleanup path and a data consistency issue with copy_file_range(). It also adds a new flag for the WRITE request that allows userspace filesystems to clear suid/sgid bits on the file if necessary" * tag 'fuse-fixes-5.2-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/fuse: fuse: extract helper for range writeback fuse: fix copy_file_range() in the writeback case fuse: add FUSE_WRITE_KILL_PRIV fuse: fallocate: fix return with locked inode
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git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/anna/linux-nfsLinus Torvalds authored
Pull NFS client fixes from Anna Schumaker: "These are mostly stable bugfixes found during testing, many during the recent NFS bake-a-thon. Stable bugfixes: - SUNRPC: Fix regression in umount of a secure mount - SUNRPC: Fix a use after free when a server rejects the RPCSEC_GSS credential - NFSv4.1: Again fix a race where CB_NOTIFY_LOCK fails to wake a waiter - NFSv4.1: Fix bug only first CB_NOTIFY_LOCK is handled Other bugfixes: - xprtrdma: Use struct_size() in kzalloc()" * tag 'nfs-for-5.2-2' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/anna/linux-nfs: NFSv4.1: Fix bug only first CB_NOTIFY_LOCK is handled NFSv4.1: Again fix a race where CB_NOTIFY_LOCK fails to wake a waiter SUNRPC: Fix a use after free when a server rejects the RPCSEC_GSS credential SUNRPC fix regression in umount of a secure mount xprtrdma: Use struct_size() in kzalloc()
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Paolo Abeni authored
Currently, the process issuing a "start" command on the pktgen procfs interface, acquires the pktgen thread lock and never release it, until all pktgen threads are completed. The above can blocks indefinitely any other pktgen command and any (even unrelated) netdevice removal - as the pktgen netdev notifier acquires the same lock. The issue is demonstrated by the following script, reported by Matteo: ip -b - <<'EOF' link add type dummy link add type veth link set dummy0 up EOF modprobe pktgen echo reset >/proc/net/pktgen/pgctrl { echo rem_device_all echo add_device dummy0 } >/proc/net/pktgen/kpktgend_0 echo count 0 >/proc/net/pktgen/dummy0 echo start >/proc/net/pktgen/pgctrl & sleep 1 rmmod veth Fix the above releasing the thread lock around the sleep call. Additionally we must prevent racing with forcefull rmmod - as the thread lock no more protects from them. Instead, acquire a self-reference before waiting for any thread. As a side effect, running rmmod pktgen while some thread is running now fails with "module in use" error, before this patch such command hanged indefinitely. Note: the issue predates the commit reported in the fixes tag, but this fix can't be applied before the mentioned commit. v1 -> v2: - no need to check for thread existence after flipping the lock, pktgen threads are freed only at net exit time - Fixes: 6146e6a4 ("[PKTGEN]: Removes thread_{un,}lock() macros.") Reported-and-tested-by: Matteo Croce <mcroce@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-armLinus Torvalds authored
Pull ADFS cleanups/fixes from Russell King: "As a result of some of Al Viro's great work, here are a few cleanups with fixes for adfs: - factor out filename comparison, so we can be sure that adfs_compare() (used for namei compare) and adfs_match() (used for lookup) have the same behaviour. - factor out filename lowering (which is not the same as tolower() which will lower top-bit-set characters) to ensure that we have the same behaviour when comparing filenames as when we hash them. - factor out the object fixups, so we are applying all fixups to directory objects in the same way, independent of the disk format. - factor out the object name fixup (into the previously factored out function) to ensure that filenames are appropriately translated - for example, adfs allows '/' in filenames, which being the Unix path separator, need to be translated to a different character, which is normally '.' (DOS 8.3 filenames represent the . as a / on adfs, so this is the expected reverse translation.) - remove filename truncation; Al asked about this and apparently the decision is to remove it. In any case, adfs's truncation was buggy, so this rids us of that bug by removing the truncation feature. - we now have only one location which adds the "filetype" suffix to the filename, so there's no point that code being out of line. - since we translate '/' into '.', an adfs filename of "/" or "//" would end up being translated to "." and ".." which have special meanings. In this case, change the first character to "^" to avoid these special directory names being abused" * tag 'for-rc-adfs' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm: fs/adfs: fix filename fixup handling for "/" and "//" names fs/adfs: move append_filetype_suffix() into adfs_object_fixup() fs/adfs: remove truncated filename hashing fs/adfs: factor out filename fixup fs/adfs: factor out object fixups fs/adfs: factor out filename case lowering fs/adfs: factor out filename comparison
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Maxime Chevallier authored
Use a safe strscpy call to copy the ethtool stat strings into the relevant buffers, instead of a memcpy that will be accessing out-of-bound data. Fixes: 118d6298 ("net: mvpp2: add ethtool GOP statistics") Signed-off-by: Maxime Chevallier <maxime.chevallier@bootlin.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Zhu Yanjun authored
When the following tests last for several hours, the problem will occur. Server: rds-stress -r 1.1.1.16 -D 1M Client: rds-stress -r 1.1.1.14 -s 1.1.1.16 -D 1M -T 30 The following will occur. " Starting up.... tsks tx/s rx/s tx+rx K/s mbi K/s mbo K/s tx us/c rtt us cpu % 1 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 1 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 1 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 1 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.00 " >From vmcore, we can find that clean_list is NULL. >From the source code, rds_mr_flushd calls rds_ib_mr_pool_flush_worker. Then rds_ib_mr_pool_flush_worker calls " rds_ib_flush_mr_pool(pool, 0, NULL); " Then in function " int rds_ib_flush_mr_pool(struct rds_ib_mr_pool *pool, int free_all, struct rds_ib_mr **ibmr_ret) " ibmr_ret is NULL. In the source code, " ... list_to_llist_nodes(pool, &unmap_list, &clean_nodes, &clean_tail); if (ibmr_ret) *ibmr_ret = llist_entry(clean_nodes, struct rds_ib_mr, llnode); /* more than one entry in llist nodes */ if (clean_nodes->next) llist_add_batch(clean_nodes->next, clean_tail, &pool->clean_list); ... " When ibmr_ret is NULL, llist_entry is not executed. clean_nodes->next instead of clean_nodes is added in clean_list. So clean_nodes is discarded. It can not be used again. The workqueue is executed periodically. So more and more clean_nodes are discarded. Finally the clean_list is NULL. Then this problem will occur. Fixes: 1bc144b6 ("net, rds, Replace xlist in net/rds/xlist.h with llist") Signed-off-by: Zhu Yanjun <yanjun.zhu@oracle.com> Acked-by: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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David S. Miller authored
Olivier Matz says: ==================== ipv6: fix EFAULT on sendto with icmpv6 and hdrincl The following code returns EFAULT (Bad address): s = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6); setsockopt(s, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_HDRINCL, 1); sendto(ipv6_icmp6_packet, addr); /* returns -1, errno = EFAULT */ The problem is fixed in the second patch. The first one aligns the code to ipv4, to avoid a race condition in the second patch. ==================== Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Olivier Matz authored
The following code returns EFAULT (Bad address): s = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6); setsockopt(s, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_HDRINCL, 1); sendto(ipv6_icmp6_packet, addr); /* returns -1, errno = EFAULT */ The IPv4 equivalent code works. A workaround is to use IPPROTO_RAW instead of IPPROTO_ICMPV6. The failure happens because 2 bytes are eaten from the msghdr by rawv6_probe_proto_opt() starting from commit 19e3c66b ("ipv6 equivalent of "ipv4: Avoid reading user iov twice after raw_probe_proto_opt""), but at that time it was not a problem because IPV6_HDRINCL was not yet introduced. Only eat these 2 bytes if hdrincl == 0. Fixes: 715f504b ("ipv6: add IPV6_HDRINCL option for raw sockets") Signed-off-by: Olivier Matz <olivier.matz@6wind.com> Acked-by: Nicolas Dichtel <nicolas.dichtel@6wind.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Olivier Matz authored
As it was done in commit 8f659a03 ("net: ipv4: fix for a race condition in raw_sendmsg") and commit 20b50d79 ("net: ipv4: emulate READ_ONCE() on ->hdrincl bit-field in raw_sendmsg()") for ipv4, copy the value of inet->hdrincl in a local variable, to avoid introducing a race condition in the next commit. Signed-off-by: Olivier Matz <olivier.matz@6wind.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Bob Peterson authored
Commit 73118ca8 introduced a glock reference counting bug in gfs2_trans_remove_revoke. Given that, replacing gl_revokes with a GLF flag is no longer useful, so revert that commit. Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Dave Martin authored
Since GCC 9, the compiler warns about evolution of the platform-specific ABI, in particular relating for the marshaling of certain structures involving bitfields. The kernel is a standalone binary, and of course nobody would be so stupid as to expose structs containing bitfields as function arguments in ABI. (Passing a pointer to such a struct, however inadvisable, should be unaffected by this change. perf and various drivers rely on that.) So these warnings do more harm than good: turn them off. We may miss warnings about future ABI drift, but that's too bad. Future ABI breaks of this class will have to be debugged and fixed the traditional way unless the compiler evolves finer-grained diagnostics. Signed-off-by: Dave Martin <Dave.Martin@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
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Helge Deller authored
According to the found documentation, data cache flushes and sync instructions are needed on the PCX-U+ (PA8200, e.g. C200/C240) platforms, while PCX-W (PA8500, e.g. C360) platforms aparently don't need those flushes when changing the IO PDIR data structures. We have no documentation for PCX-W+ (PA8600) and PCX-W2 (PA8700) CPUs, but Carlo Pisani reported that his C3600 machine (PA8600, PCX-W+) fails when the fdc instructions were removed. His firmware didn't set the NIOP bit, so one may assume it's a firmware bug since other C3750 machines had the bit set. Even if documentation (as mentioned above) states that PCX-W (PA8500, e.g. J5000) does not need fdc flushes, Sven could show that an Adaptec 29320A PCI-X SCSI controller reliably failed on a dd command during the first five minutes in his J5000 when fdc flushes were missing. Going forward, we will now NOT replace the fdc and sync assembler instructions by NOPS if: a) the NP iopdir_fdc bit was set by firmware, or b) we find a CPU up to and including a PCX-W+ (PA8600). This fixes the HPMC crashes on a C240 and C36XX machines. For other machines we rely on the firmware to set the bit when needed. In case one finds HPMC issues, people could try to boot their machines with the "no-alternatives" kernel option to turn off any alternative patching. Reported-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org> Reported-by: Carlo Pisani <carlojpisani@gmail.com> Tested-by: Sven Schnelle <svens@stackframe.org> Fixes: 3847dab7 ("parisc: Add alternative coding infrastructure") Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.0+
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John David Anglin authored
Most I/O in the kernel is done using the kernel offset mapping. However, there is one API that uses aliased kernel address ranges: > The final category of APIs is for I/O to deliberately aliased address > ranges inside the kernel. Such aliases are set up by use of the > vmap/vmalloc API. Since kernel I/O goes via physical pages, the I/O > subsystem assumes that the user mapping and kernel offset mapping are > the only aliases. This isn't true for vmap aliases, so anything in > the kernel trying to do I/O to vmap areas must manually manage > coherency. It must do this by flushing the vmap range before doing > I/O and invalidating it after the I/O returns. For this reason, we should use the hardware lpa instruction to load the physical address of kernel virtual addresses in the driver code. I believe we only use the vmap/vmalloc API with old PA 1.x processors which don't have a sba, so we don't hit this problem. Tested on c3750, c8000 and rp3440. Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net> Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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Krzysztof Kozlowski authored
Remove the CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH because: 1. It is disabled since commit 1be01d4a ("driver: base: Disable CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER by default") as its dependency (UEVENT_HELPER) was made default to 'n', 2. It is not recommended (help message: "This should not be used today [...] creates a high system load") and was kept only for ancient userland, 3. Certain userland specifically requests it to be disabled (systemd README: "Legacy hotplug slows down the system and confuses udev"). Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzk@kernel.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be> Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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John David Anglin authored
We only support I/O to kernel space. Using %sr1 to load the coherence index may be racy unless interrupts are disabled. This patch changes the code used to load the coherence index to use implicit space register selection. This saves one instruction and eliminates the race. Tested on rp3440, c8000 and c3750. Signed-off-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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George G. Davis authored
Fix a s/TIF_SECOMP/TIF_SECCOMP/ comment typo Cc: Jiri Kosina <trivial@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org Signed-off-by: George G. Davis <george_davis@mentor.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
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Hangbin Liu authored
This reverts commit e9919a24. Nathan reported the new behaviour breaks Android, as Android just add new rules and delete old ones. If we return 0 without adding dup rules, Android will remove the new added rules and causing system to soft-reboot. Fixes: e9919a24 ("fib_rules: return 0 directly if an exactly same rule exists when NLM_F_EXCL not supplied") Reported-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Reported-by: Yaro Slav <yaro330@gmail.com> Reported-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <zenczykowski@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <natechancellor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Nikita Danilov authored
WoL magic packet configuration sometimes does not work due to couple of leakages found. Mainly there was a regression introduced during readx_poll refactoring. Next, fw request waiting time was too small. Sometimes that caused sleep proxy config function to return with an error and to skip WoL configuration. At last, WoL data were passed to FW from not clean buffer. That could cause FW to accept garbage as a random configuration data. Fixes: 6a7f2277 ("net: aquantia: replace AQ_HW_WAIT_FOR with readx_poll_timeout_atomic") Signed-off-by: Nikita Danilov <nikita.danilov@aquantia.com> Signed-off-by: Igor Russkikh <igor.russkikh@aquantia.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Vivien Didelot authored
ethtool_get_regs() allocates a buffer of size ops->get_regs_len(), and pass it to the kernel driver via ops->get_regs() for filling. There is no restriction about what the kernel drivers can or cannot do with the open ethtool_regs structure. They usually set regs->version and ignore regs->len or set it to the same size as ops->get_regs_len(). But if userspace allocates a smaller buffer for the registers dump, we would cause a userspace buffer overflow in the final copy_to_user() call, which uses the regs.len value potentially reset by the driver. To fix this, make this case obvious and store regs.len before calling ops->get_regs(), to only copy as much data as requested by userspace, up to the value returned by ops->get_regs_len(). While at it, remove the redundant check for non-null regbuf. Signed-off-by: Vivien Didelot <vivien.didelot@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Michal Kubecek <mkubecek@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Neil Horman authored
syzbot found the following leak in sctp_process_init BUG: memory leak unreferenced object 0xffff88810ef68400 (size 1024): comm "syz-executor273", pid 7046, jiffies 4294945598 (age 28.770s) hex dump (first 32 bytes): 1d de 28 8d de 0b 1b e3 b5 c2 f9 68 fd 1a 97 25 ..(........h...% 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ backtrace: [<00000000a02cebbd>] kmemleak_alloc_recursive include/linux/kmemleak.h:55 [inline] [<00000000a02cebbd>] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slab.h:439 [inline] [<00000000a02cebbd>] slab_alloc mm/slab.c:3326 [inline] [<00000000a02cebbd>] __do_kmalloc mm/slab.c:3658 [inline] [<00000000a02cebbd>] __kmalloc_track_caller+0x15d/0x2c0 mm/slab.c:3675 [<000000009e6245e6>] kmemdup+0x27/0x60 mm/util.c:119 [<00000000dfdc5d2d>] kmemdup include/linux/string.h:432 [inline] [<00000000dfdc5d2d>] sctp_process_init+0xa7e/0xc20 net/sctp/sm_make_chunk.c:2437 [<00000000b58b62f8>] sctp_cmd_process_init net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:682 [inline] [<00000000b58b62f8>] sctp_cmd_interpreter net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1384 [inline] [<00000000b58b62f8>] sctp_side_effects net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1194 [inline] [<00000000b58b62f8>] sctp_do_sm+0xbdc/0x1d60 net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1165 [<0000000044e11f96>] sctp_assoc_bh_rcv+0x13c/0x200 net/sctp/associola.c:1074 [<00000000ec43804d>] sctp_inq_push+0x7f/0xb0 net/sctp/inqueue.c:95 [<00000000726aa954>] sctp_backlog_rcv+0x5e/0x2a0 net/sctp/input.c:354 [<00000000d9e249a8>] sk_backlog_rcv include/net/sock.h:950 [inline] [<00000000d9e249a8>] __release_sock+0xab/0x110 net/core/sock.c:2418 [<00000000acae44fa>] release_sock+0x37/0xd0 net/core/sock.c:2934 [<00000000963cc9ae>] sctp_sendmsg+0x2c0/0x990 net/sctp/socket.c:2122 [<00000000a7fc7565>] inet_sendmsg+0x64/0x120 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:802 [<00000000b732cbd3>] sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:652 [inline] [<00000000b732cbd3>] sock_sendmsg+0x54/0x70 net/socket.c:671 [<00000000274c57ab>] ___sys_sendmsg+0x393/0x3c0 net/socket.c:2292 [<000000008252aedb>] __sys_sendmsg+0x80/0xf0 net/socket.c:2330 [<00000000f7bf23d1>] __do_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2339 [inline] [<00000000f7bf23d1>] __se_sys_sendmsg net/socket.c:2337 [inline] [<00000000f7bf23d1>] __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x23/0x30 net/socket.c:2337 [<00000000a8b4131f>] do_syscall_64+0x76/0x1a0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:3 The problem was that the peer.cookie value points to an skb allocated area on the first pass through this function, at which point it is overwritten with a heap allocated value, but in certain cases, where a COOKIE_ECHO chunk is included in the packet, a second pass through sctp_process_init is made, where the cookie value is re-allocated, leaking the first allocation. Fix is to always allocate the cookie value, and free it when we are done using it. Signed-off-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Reported-by: syzbot+f7e9153b037eac9b1df8@syzkaller.appspotmail.com CC: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com> CC: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> CC: netdev@vger.kernel.org Acked-by: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Zhu Yanjun authored
When KASAN is enabled, after several rds connections are created, then "rmmod rds_rdma" is run. The following will appear. " BUG rds_ib_incoming (Not tainted): Objects remaining in rds_ib_incoming on __kmem_cache_shutdown() Call Trace: dump_stack+0x71/0xab slab_err+0xad/0xd0 __kmem_cache_shutdown+0x17d/0x370 shutdown_cache+0x17/0x130 kmem_cache_destroy+0x1df/0x210 rds_ib_recv_exit+0x11/0x20 [rds_rdma] rds_ib_exit+0x7a/0x90 [rds_rdma] __x64_sys_delete_module+0x224/0x2c0 ? __ia32_sys_delete_module+0x2c0/0x2c0 do_syscall_64+0x73/0x190 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 " This is rds connection memory leak. The root cause is: When "rmmod rds_rdma" is run, rds_ib_remove_one will call rds_ib_dev_shutdown to drop the rds connections. rds_ib_dev_shutdown will call rds_conn_drop to drop rds connections as below. " rds_conn_path_drop(&conn->c_path[0], false); " In the above, destroy is set to false. void rds_conn_path_drop(struct rds_conn_path *cp, bool destroy) { atomic_set(&cp->cp_state, RDS_CONN_ERROR); rcu_read_lock(); if (!destroy && rds_destroy_pending(cp->cp_conn)) { rcu_read_unlock(); return; } queue_work(rds_wq, &cp->cp_down_w); rcu_read_unlock(); } In the above function, destroy is set to false. rds_destroy_pending is called. This does not move rds connections to ib_nodev_conns. So destroy is set to true to move rds connections to ib_nodev_conns. In rds_ib_unregister_client, flush_workqueue is called to make rds_wq finsh shutdown rds connections. The function rds_ib_destroy_nodev_conns is called to shutdown rds connections finally. Then rds_ib_recv_exit is called to destroy slab. void rds_ib_recv_exit(void) { kmem_cache_destroy(rds_ib_incoming_slab); kmem_cache_destroy(rds_ib_frag_slab); } The above slab memory leak will not occur again. >From tests, 256 rds connections [root@ca-dev14 ~]# time rmmod rds_rdma real 0m16.522s user 0m0.000s sys 0m8.152s 512 rds connections [root@ca-dev14 ~]# time rmmod rds_rdma real 0m32.054s user 0m0.000s sys 0m15.568s To rmmod rds_rdma with 256 rds connections, about 16 seconds are needed. And with 512 rds connections, about 32 seconds are needed. >From ftrace, when one rds connection is destroyed, " 19) | rds_conn_destroy [rds]() { 19) 7.782 us | rds_conn_path_drop [rds](); 15) | rds_shutdown_worker [rds]() { 15) | rds_conn_shutdown [rds]() { 15) 1.651 us | rds_send_path_reset [rds](); 15) 7.195 us | } 15) + 11.434 us | } 19) 2.285 us | rds_cong_remove_conn [rds](); 19) * 24062.76 us | } " So if many rds connections will be destroyed, this function rds_ib_destroy_nodev_conns uses most of time. Suggested-by: Håkon Bugge <haakon.bugge@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Zhu Yanjun <yanjun.zhu@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Xin Long authored
In Jianlin's testing, netperf was broken with 'Connection reset by peer', as the cookie check failed in rt6_check() and ip6_dst_check() always returned NULL. It's caused by Commit 93531c67 ("net/ipv6: separate handling of FIB entries from dst based routes"), where the cookie can be got only when 'c1'(see below) for setting dst_cookie whereas rt6_check() is called when !'c1' for checking dst_cookie, as we can see in ip6_dst_check(). Since in ip6_dst_check() both rt6_dst_from_check() (c1) and rt6_check() (!c1) will check the 'from' cookie, this patch is to remove the c1 check in rt6_get_cookie(), so that the dst_cookie can always be set properly. c1: (rt->rt6i_flags & RTF_PCPU || unlikely(!list_empty(&rt->rt6i_uncached))) Fixes: 93531c67 ("net/ipv6: separate handling of FIB entries from dst based routes") Reported-by: Jianlin Shi <jishi@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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- 05 Jun, 2019 1 commit
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Xin Long authored
With the topo: h1 ---| rp1 | | route rp3 |--- h3 (192.168.200.1) h2 ---| rp2 | If rp1 bc_forwarding is set while rp2 bc_forwarding is not, after doing "ping 192.168.200.255" on h1, then ping 192.168.200.255 on h2, and the packets can still be forwared. This issue was caused by the input route cache. It should only do the cache for either bc forwarding or local delivery. Otherwise, local delivery can use the route cache for bc forwarding of other interfaces. This patch is to fix it by not doing cache for local delivery if all.bc_forwarding is enabled. Note that we don't fix it by checking route cache local flag after rt_cache_valid() in "local_input:" and "ip_mkroute_input", as the common route code shouldn't be touched for bc_forwarding. Fixes: 5cbf777c ("route: add support for directed broadcast forwarding") Reported-by: Jianlin Shi <jishi@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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