This patch (as1582) changes ehci-hcd's strategy for unlinking async
QHs.  Currently the driver never unlinks more than one QH at a time.
This can be inefficient and cause unnecessary delays, since a QH
cannot be reused while it is waiting to be unlinked.

The new strategy unlinks all the waiting QHs at once.  In practice the
improvement won't be very big, because it's somewhat uncommon to have
two or more QHs waiting to be unlinked at any time.  But it does
happen, and in any case, doing things this way makes more sense IMO.

The change requires the async unlinking code to be refactored
slightly.  Now in addition to the routines for starting and ending an
unlink, there are new routines for unlinking a single QH and starting
an IAA cycle.  This approach is needed because there are two separate
paths for unlinking async QHs:

	When a transfer error occurs or an URB is cancelled, the QH
	must be unlinked right away;

	When a QH has been idle sufficiently long, it is unlinked
	to avoid consuming DMA bandwidth uselessly.

In the first case we want the unlink to proceed as quickly as
possible, whereas in the second case we can afford to batch several
QHs together and unlink them all at once.  Hence the division of
labor.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1581) replaces the iaa_watchdog kernel timer used by
ehci-hcd with an hrtimer event, in keeping with the general conversion
to high-res timers.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1580) makes ehci_iso_stream structures behave more like
QHs, in that they will remain allocated until their isochronous
endpoint is disabled.  This will come in useful in the future, when
periodic bandwidth gets allocated as an altsetting is installed rather
than on-the-fly.

For now, the change to the ehci_iso_stream lifetimes means that each
structure is always deallocated at exactly one spot in
ehci_endpoint_disable() and never used again.  As a result, it is no
longer necessary to use reference counting on these things, and the
patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1579) adds an hrtimer event to handle deallocation of
iTDs and siTDs in ehci-hcd.

Because of the frame-oriented approach used by the EHCI periodic
schedule, the hardware can continue to access the Transfer Descriptor
for isochronous (or split-isochronous) transactions for up to a
millisecond after the transaction completes.  The iTD (or siTD) must
not be reused before then.

The strategy currently used involves putting completed iTDs on a list
of cached entries and every so often returning them to the endpoint's
free list.  The new strategy reduces overhead by putting completed
iTDs back on the free list immediately, although they are not reused
until it is safe to do so.

When the isochronous endpoint stops (its queue becomes empty), the
iTDs on its free list get moved to a global list, from which they will
be deallocated after a minimum of 2 ms.  This delay is what the new
hrtimer event is for.

Overall this may not be a tremendous improvement over the current
code, but to me it seems a lot more clear and logical.  In addition,
it removes the need for each iTD to keep a reference to the
ehci_iso_stream it belongs to, since the iTD never needs to be moved
back to the stream's free list from the global list.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1578) adds an hrtimer event to handle the death of an
EHCI controller.  When a controller dies, it doesn't necessarily stop
running right away.  The new event polls at 1-ms intervals to see when
all activity has safely stopped.  This replaces a busy-wait polling
loop in the current code.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1577) adds hrtimer support for unlinking interrupt QHs
in ehci-hcd.  The current code relies on a fixed delay of either 2 or
55 us, which is not always adequate and in any case is totally bogus.
Thanks to internal caching, the EHCI hardware may continue to access
an interrupt QH for more than a millisecond after it has been unlinked.

In fact, the EHCI spec doesn't say how long to wait before using an
unlinked interrupt QH.  The patch sets the delay to 9 microframes
minimum, which ought to be adequate.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1576) adds hrtimer support for managing ehci-hcd's
async schedule.  Just as with the earlier change to the periodic
schedule management, two new hrtimer events take care of everything.

One event polls at 1-ms intervals to see when the Asynchronous
Schedule Status (ASS) flag matches the Asynchronous Schedule Enable
(ASE) value; the schedule's state must not be changed until it does.
The other event delays for 15 ms after the async schedule becomes
empty before turning it off.

The new events replace a busy-wait poll and a kernel timer usage.
They also replace the rather illogical method currently used for
indicating the async schedule should be turned off: attempting to
unlink the dedicated QH at the head of the async list.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1575) removes special code added for status polling of
the EHCI controller in PS3 systems.  While the controller is running,
the polling is now carried out by an hrtimer handler.  When the
controller is suspending or stopping, we use the same polling routine
as the old code -- but in neither case do we need to conclude that the
controller has died if the polling goes on for too long.

As a result the entire handshake_on_error_set_halt() routine is now
unused, so it is removed from the driver.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1574) changes the return type of multiple functions in
ehci-sched.c from int to void.  The values they return are now always
0, so there's no reason for them to return any value at all.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1573) adds hrtimer support for managing ehci-hcd's
periodic schedule.  There are two issues to deal with.

First, the schedule's state (on or off) must not be changed until the
hardware status has caught up with the current command.  This is
handled by an hrtimer event that polls at 1-ms intervals to see when
the Periodic Schedule Status (PSS) flag matches the Periodic Schedule
Enable (PSE) value.

Second, the schedule should not be turned off as soon as it becomes
empty.  Turning the schedule on and off takes time, so we want to wait
until the schedule has been empty for a suitable period before turning
it off.  This is handled by an hrtimer event that gets set to expire
10 ms after the periodic schedule becomes empty.

The existing code polls (for up to 1125 us and with interrupts
disabled!) to check the status, and doesn't implement a delay before
turning off the schedule.  Furthermore, if the polling fails then the
driver decides that the controller has died.  This has caused problems
for several people; some controllers can take 10 ms or more to turn
off their periodic schedules.

This patch fixes these issues.  It also makes the "broken_periodic"
workaround unnecessary; there is no longer any danger of turning off
the periodic schedule after it has been on for less than 1 ms.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1572) begins the conversion of ehci-hcd over to using
high-resolution timers rather than old-fashioned low-resolution kernel
timers.  This reduces overhead caused by timer roundoff on systems
where HZ is smaller than 1000.  Also, the new timer framework
introduced here is much more logical and easily extended than the
ad-hoc approach ehci-hcd currently uses for timers.

An hrtimer structure is added to ehci_hcd, along with a bitflag array
and an array of ktime_t values, to keep track of which timing events
are pending and what their expiration times are.

Only the infrastructure for the timing operations is added in this
patch.  Later patches will add routines for handling each of the
various timing events the driver needs.  In some cases the new hrtimer
handlers will replace the existing handlers for ehci-hcd's kernel
timers; as this happens the old timers will be removed.  In other
cases the new timing events will replace busy-wait loops.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1571) adds a new state for ehci-hcd's root hubs:
EHCI_RH_STOPPING.  This value is used at times when the root hub is
being stopped and we don't know whether or not the hardware has
finished all its DMA yet.

Although the purpose may not be apparent, this distinction will come
in useful later on.  Future patches will avoid actions that depend on
the root hub being operational (like turning on the async or periodic
schedules) when they see the state is EHCI_RH_STOPPING.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1570) adds a pointer for the end of ehci-hcd's
async-unlink list.  The list (which is actually a queue) is singly
linked, so having a pointer to its end makes adding new entries easier
-- there's no longer any need to scan through the whole list.

In principle it could be changed to a standard doubly-linked list.  It
turns out that doing so actually makes the code less clear, so I'm
leaving it as is.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1569) renames the ehci->reclaim list in ehci-hcd.  The
word "reclaim" is used in the EHCI specification to mean something
quite different, and "unlink_next" is more descriptive of the list's
purpose anyway.

Similarly, the "reclaim" field in the ehci_stats structure is renamed
"iaa", which is more meaningful (to experts, anyway) and is a better
match for the "lost_iaa" field.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1568) introduces symbolic constants for some of the
less-frequently used bitfields in the QH structure.  This makes the
code a little easier to read and understand.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1567) removes ehci-hcd's reference counting of QH
structures.  It's not necessary to refcount these things because they
always get deallocated at exactly one spot in ehci_endpoint_disable()
(except for two special QHs, ehci->async and ehci->dummy) and are
never used again.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This patch (as1566) removes the code in ehci-hcd's resume routines
which tries to restart or cancel any transfers left active while the
root hub or controller was asleep.  This code isn't necessary, because
all URBs are terminated before the root hub is suspended.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Currently, EHCI initialization turns off the controller (in case it
was left running by the firmware) before setting up the ehci_hcd data
structure.  This patch (as1565) reverses that order.

Although it doesn't matter now, it will matter later on when future
additions to ehci_halt() will want to acquire a spinlock that gets
initialized by ehci_init().
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Update information of Seagate Portable HDD and WD My Passport HDD in
quirk list.
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Pankaj Kumar <pankaj.km@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Amit Sahrawat <a.sahrawat@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Add support for write cache quirk on usb hdd. scsi driver will be set to wce
by detecting write cache quirk in quirk list when plugging usb hdd.
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Pankaj Kumar <pankaj.km@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Amit Sahrawat <a.sahrawat@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

Make use of USB quirk method to identify such HDD while reading
the cache status in sd_probe(). If cache quirk is present for
the HDD, lets assume that cache is enabled and make WCE bit
equal to 1.
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Pankaj Kumar <pankaj.km@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Amit Sahrawat <a.sahrawat@samsung.com>
Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

This resolves the merge issue with the drivers/usb/host/ehci-omap.c
file.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

The idr_pre_get() function never returns a value < 0.  It returns 0 (no
memory) or 1 (OK).
Reported-by: Silva Paulo <psdasilva@yahoo.com>
[ Rewrote Silva's patch, but attributing it to Silva anyway  - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull sound fixes from Takashi Iwai:
 "Containing the regression fixes for USB-audio due to the transition to
  the new streaming logic, mostly found on Logitech webcams."

* tag 'sound-3.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound:
  ALSA: snd-usb: move calls to usb_set_interface
  ALSA: usb-audio: Fix the first PCM interface assignment

Pull ACPI patch from Len Brown.

* 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/lenb/linux:
  ACPICA: Fix possible fault in return package object repair code

vsyscall_seccomp introduced a dependency on __secure_computing.  On
configurations with CONFIG_SECCOMP disabled, compilation will fail.
Reported-by: feng xiangjun <fengxj325@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull cpufreq fix from Rafael Wysocki:
 "This fixes a regression preventing the ACPI cpufreq driver from
  loading on some systems where it worked previously without any
  problems."

* tag 'cpufreq-for-3.5-rc7' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
  cpufreq / ACPI: Fix not loading acpi-cpufreq driver regression

Pull ARM Samsung SoC fixes from Arnd Bergmann.

* tag 'fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc:
  ARM: S3C24XX: Correct CAMIF interrupt definitions
  ARM: S3C24XX: Correct AC97 clock control bit for S3C2440
  ARM: SAMSUNG: fix race in s3c_adc_start for ADC
  ARM: SAMSUNG: Update default rate for xusbxti clock
  ARM: EXYNOS: register devices in 'need_restore' state for pm_domains
  ARM: EXYNOS: read initial state of power domain from hw registers

Merge branches 'core-urgent-for-linus', 'perf-urgent-for-linus' and 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull RCU, perf, and scheduler fixes from Ingo Molnar.

The RCU fix is a revert for an optimization that could cause deadlocks.

One of the scheduler commits (164c33c6 "sched: Fix fork() error path
to not crash") is correct but not complete (some architectures like Tile
are not covered yet) - the resulting additional fixes are still WIP and
Ingo did not want to delay these pending fixes.  See this thread on
lkml:

  [PATCH] fork: fix error handling in dup_task()

The perf fixes are just trivial oneliners.

* 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  Revert "rcu: Move PREEMPT_RCU preemption to switch_to() invocation"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  perf kvm: Fix segfault with report and mixed guestmount use
  perf kvm: Fix regression with guest machine creation
  perf script: Fix format regression due to libtraceevent merge
  ring-buffer: Fix accounting of entries when removing pages
  ring-buffer: Fix crash due to uninitialized new_pages list head

* 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  MAINTAINERS/sched: Update scheduler file pattern
  sched/nohz: Rewrite and fix load-avg computation -- again
  sched: Fix fork() error path to not crash

Fixes a problem that can occur when a lone package object is
wrapped with an outer package object in order to conform to
the ACPI specification. Can affect these predefined names:
_ALR,_MLS,_PSS,_TRT,_TSS,_PRT,_HPX,_DLM,_CSD,_PSD,_TSD

https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=44171

This problem was introduced in 3.4-rc1 by commit
6a99b1c9
(ACPICA: Object repair code: Support to add Package wrappers)
Reported-by: Vlastimil Babka <caster@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Bob Moore <robert.moore@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 3.4
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Merge branch 'v3.5-samsung-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kgene/linux-samsung into fixes

From Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com>:

* 'v3.5-samsung-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kgene/linux-samsung:
  ARM: S3C24XX: Correct CAMIF interrupt definitions
  ARM: S3C24XX: Correct AC97 clock control bit for S3C2440
  ARM: SAMSUNG: fix race in s3c_adc_start for ADC
  ARM: SAMSUNG: Update default rate for xusbxti clock
  ARM: EXYNOS: register devices in 'need_restore' state for pm_domains
  ARM: EXYNOS: read initial state of power domain from hw registers
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>

Pull use-after-free RAID1 bugfix from NeilBrown.

* tag 'md-3.5-fixes' of git://neil.brown.name/md:
  md/raid1: fix use-after-free bug in RAID1 data-check code.

Pull the leap second fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "It's a rather large series, but well discussed, refined and reviewed.
  It got a massive testing by John, Prarit and tip.

  In theory we could split it into two parts.  The first two patches

    f55a6faa: hrtimer: Provide clock_was_set_delayed()
    4873fa07: timekeeping: Fix leapsecond triggered load spike issue

  are merely preventing the stuff loops forever issues, which people
  have observed.

  But there is no point in delaying the other 4 commits which achieve
  full correctness into 3.6 as they are tagged for stable anyway.  And I
  rather prefer to have the full fixes merged in bulk than a "prevent
  the observable wreckage and deal with the hidden fallout later"
  approach."

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  hrtimer: Update hrtimer base offsets each hrtimer_interrupt
  timekeeping: Provide hrtimer update function
  hrtimers: Move lock held region in hrtimer_interrupt()
  timekeeping: Maintain ktime_t based offsets for hrtimers
  timekeeping: Fix leapsecond triggered load spike issue
  hrtimer: Provide clock_was_set_delayed()

If a seccomp filter program is installed, older static binaries and
distributions with older libc implementations (glibc 2.13 and earlier)
that rely on vsyscall use will be terminated regardless of the filter
program policy when executing time, gettimeofday, or getcpu.  This is
only the case when vsyscall emulation is in use (vsyscall=emulate is the
default).

This patch emulates system call entry inside a vsyscall=emulate by
populating regs->ax and regs->orig_ax with the system call number prior
to calling into seccomp such that all seccomp-dependencies function
normally.  Additionally, system call return behavior is emulated in line
with other vsyscall entrypoints for the trace/trap cases.

[ v2: fixed ip and sp on SECCOMP_RET_TRAP/TRACE (thanks to luto@mit.edu) ]
Reported-and-tested-by: Owen Kibel <qmewlo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Please pull one hwmon subsystem fix from Jean Delvare.

* 'hwmon-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jdelvare/staging:
  hwmon: (it87) Preserve configuration register bits on init

Pull NFS client bugfixes from Trond Myklebust:
 - Fix an NFSv4 mount regression
 - Fix O_DIRECT list manipulation snafus

* tag 'nfs-for-3.5-4' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/linux-nfs:
  NFSv4: Fix an NFSv4 mount regression
  NFS: Fix list manipulation snafus in fs/nfs/direct.c

This can be trivially triggered from userspace by passing in something unexpected.

    kernel BUG at fs/locks.c:1468!
    invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
    RIP: 0010:generic_setlease+0xc2/0x100
    Call Trace:
      __vfs_setlease+0x35/0x40
      fcntl_setlease+0x76/0x150
      sys_fcntl+0x1c6/0x810
      system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 3.2+
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull input layer fixes from Dmitry Torokhov:
 "The changes are limited to adding new VID/PID combinations to drivers
  to enable support for new versions of hardware, most notably hardware
  found in new MacBook Pro Retina boxes."

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dtor/input:
  Input: xpad - add Andamiro Pump It Up pad
  Input: xpad - add signature for Razer Onza Tournament Edition
  Input: xpad - handle all variations of Mad Catz Beat Pad
  Input: bcm5974 - Add support for 2012 MacBook Pro Retina
  HID: add support for 2012 MacBook Pro Retina

Pull media fixes from Mauro Carvalho Chehab:
 - Some regression fixes at the audio part for devices with
   cx23885/cx25840
 - A DMA corruption fix at cx231xx
 - two fixes at the winbond IR driver
 - Several fixes for the EXYNOS media driver (s5p)
 - two fixes at the OMAP3 preview driver
 - one fix at the dvb core failure path
 - an include missing (slab.h) at smiapp-core causing compilation
   breakage
 - em28xx was not loading the IR driver driver anymore.

* 'v4l_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media: (31 commits)
  [media] Revert "[media] V4L: JPEG class documentation corrections"
  [media] s5p-fimc: Add missing FIMC-LITE file operations locking
  [media] omap3isp: preview: Fix contrast and brightness handling
  [media] omap3isp: preview: Fix output size computation depending on input format
  [media] winbond-cir: Initialise timeout, driver_type and allowed_protos
  [media] winbond-cir: Fix txandrx module info
  [media] cx23885: Silence unknown command warnings
  [media] cx23885: add support for HVR-1255 analog (cx23888 variant)
  [media] cx23885: make analog support work for HVR_1250 (cx23885 variant)
  [media] cx25840: fix vsrc/hsrc usage on cx23888 designs
  [media] cx25840: fix regression in HVR-1800 analog audio
  [media] cx25840: fix regression in analog support hue/saturation controls
  [media] cx25840: fix regression in HVR-1800 analog support
  [media] s5p-mfc: Fixed setup of custom controls in decoder and encoder
  [media] cx231xx: don't DMA to random addresses
  [media] em28xx: fix em28xx-rc load
  [media] dvb-core: Release semaphore on error path dvb_register_device()
  [media] s5p-fimc: Stop media entity pipeline if fimc_pipeline_validate fails
  [media] s5p-fimc: Fix compiler warning in fimc-lite.c
  [media] s5p-fimc: media_entity_pipeline_start() may fail
  ...