When turbostat shows % of time in a CPU idle power state,
it has always been showing information from underlying
hardware residency counters.

While this reflects what the hardware is doing, and is thus
useful for understanding the hardware,
it doesn't directly tell us what Linux requested --
which is useful for tuning Linux itself.

Here we add columns to turbostat to show the
Linux cpuidle sub-system statistics:
/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/state*/*

The first group of columns are the "usage", which is the
number of times software requested that C-state in the
measurement interval. eg C1 below.

The second group of columns are the "time", which is the percentage
of the measurement interval time that software has requested
the specified C-state. eg C1% below.

These software counters can be compared to the underlying
hardware residency counters (eg CPU%c1	CPU%c3	CPU%c6	CPU%c7)
to compare what sofware requested to what the hardware delivered.

These sysfs attributes are discovered when turbostat starts,
rather than being "built in".  So the --show and --hide
parameters do not know about these dynamic column names.
However "--show sysfs" and "--hide sysfs" act on the
entire group of columns:

turbostat --show sysfs
...
cpu4: POLL: CPUIDLE CORE POLL IDLE
cpu4: C1: MWAIT 0x00
cpu4: C1E: MWAIT 0x01
cpu4: C3: MWAIT 0x10
cpu4: C6: MWAIT 0x20
cpu4: C7s: MWAIT 0x32
...
C1 	C1E	C3 	C6 	C7s	C1% 	C1E%	C3%	C6% 	C7s%
3	6	5	1	188	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	99.93
0	6	5	0	58	0.00	0.16	0.02	0.00	99.70
0	0	0	0	9	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	99.96
0	0	0	1	24	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.02	99.93
0	0	0	0	9	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	99.97
0	0	0	0	32	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	99.96
0	0	0	0	7	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	99.98
2	0	0	0	36	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	99.97
1	0	0	0	13	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	99.98
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Previously, the --add option could specify only an MSR.

Here is is extended so an arbitrary /sys attribute,
as specified by an absolute file path name.

sudo ./turbostat --add /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpuidle/state5/usage
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Skip these two counters on BDX, as they are always zero:
cc7, pc7
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Newer processors do not hard-code the the number of cpus in each bin
to {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}  Rather, they can specify any number
of CPUS in each of the 8 bins:

eg.

...
37 * 100.0 = 3600.0 MHz max turbo 4 active cores
38 * 100.0 = 3700.0 MHz max turbo 3 active cores
39 * 100.0 = 3800.0 MHz max turbo 2 active cores
39 * 100.0 = 3900.0 MHz max turbo 1 active cores

could now look something like this:

...
37 * 100.0 = 3600.0 MHz max turbo 16 active cores
38 * 100.0 = 3700.0 MHz max turbo 8 active cores
39 * 100.0 = 3800.0 MHz max turbo 4 active cores
39 * 100.0 = 3900.0 MHz max turbo 2 active cores
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Skip these four counters on SKX, as they are always zero:
cc3, pc3
cc7, pc7
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The CC1 column in tubostat can be computed by subtracting
the core c-state residency countes from the total Cx residency.

CC1 = (Idle_time_as_measured by MPERF) - (all core C-states with
residency counters)

However, as the underlying counter reads are not atomic,
error can be noticed in this calculations, especially
when the numbers are small.

Denverton has a hardware CC1 residency counter
to improve the accuracy of the cc1 statistic -- use it.

At the same time, Denverton has no concept of CC3, PC3, CC7, PC7,
so skip collecting and printing those columns.

Finally, a note of clarification.
Turbostat prints the standard PC2 residency counter,
but on Denverton hardware, that actually means PC1E.
Turbostat prints the standard PC6 residency counter,
but on Denverton hardware, that actually means PC2.

At this point, we document that differnce in this commit message,
rather than adding a quirk to the software.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Gemini Lake is similar to Apollo Lake (Broxton/Goldmont)
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Cc: x86@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Fix a bug with --add, where the title of the column
is un-initialized if not specified by the user.

The initial implementation of --show and --hide
neglected to handle the pc8/pc9/pc10 counters.

Fix a bug where "--show Core" only worked with --debug
Reported-by: Wendy Wang <wendy.wang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The CPU ticks at a rate in the "bus clock" domain.
eg. 100 MHz * bus_ratio.

On newer processors, the TSC has been moved out of this BCLK
domain and into a separate crystal-clock domain.

While the TSC ticks "close to" the base frequency, those that look
closely at the numbers will notice small errors in calculations that
mix units of TSC clocks and bus clocks.

"tsc_tweak" was introduced to address the most visible
mixing -- the %Busy and the the Busy_MHz calculations.
(A simplification as since removed TSC from the BusyMHz calculation)

Here we apply the tsc_tweak to everyplace where BCLK
and TSC units are mixed.  The results is that
on a system which is 100% idle, the sum of the C-states
are now much more likely to be closer to 100%.
Reported-by: Travis Downs <travis.downs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Some users want turbostat to tell them everything, by default.
Some users want turbostat to be quiet, by default.

I find that I'm in the 1st camp, and so I've never liked
needing to type the --debug parameter to decode the system
configuration.

So here we change the default and print the system configuration,
by default.  (The --debug option is now un-documented, though
it does still exist for debugging turbostat internals)

When you do not want to see the system configuration
header, use the new "--quiet" option.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Some time ago, turbostat overflowed 80 columns.

So on the assumption that a "casual" user would always
want topology and frequency columns, we hid the rest
of the columns and the system configuration decoding
behind the --debug option.

Not everybody liked that change -- including me.
I use --debug 99% of the time...

Well, now we have "-o file" to put turbostat output into a file,
so unless you are watching real-time in a small window,
column count is less frequently a factor.

And more recently, we got the "--hide columnA,columnB" option
to specify columns to skip.

So now we "un-hide" the rest of the columns from behind --debug,
and show them all, by default.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

useful for observing if the BIOS disabled prefetch
Not architectural, but docuemented as present on NHM, SNB
and is present on others.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

This non-architectural MSR has disable bits
for various prefetchers on modern processors.

While these bits are generally touched only by the BIOS,
say, via BIOS SETUP, it is useful to dump them
when examining options that can alter performance.

Cc: x86@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

show the CPUID feature for turbo to clarify the case
when it may not be shown in MISC_ENABLE

CPUID(6): APERF, TURBO, DTS, PTM, No-HWP, No-HWPnotify, No-HWPwindow, No-HWPepp, No-HWPpkg, EPB
cpu4: MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE: 0x00850089 (TCC EIST MWAIT TURBO)
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Turbostat dumps MSR_TURBO_RATIO_LIMIT on Core Architecture.
But Atom Architecture uses MSR_ATOM_CORE_RATIOS and
MSR_ATOM_CORE_TURBO_RATIOS.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Originally, these MSRs were locally defined in this driver.
Now the definitions are in msr-index.h -- use them.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

These MSRs are currently used by the intel_pstate driver,
using a local definition.

Cc: x86@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Decode MISC_ENABLE.NO_TURBO,
also use the #defines in msr-index.h for decoding this register

cpu0: MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE: 0x00850089 (TCC EIST MWAIT TURBO)

Although it is not architectural, decode also
MSR_IA32_MISC_ENABLE.prefetch-disable (bit-9).
documented to be present on: Core, P4, Intel-Xeon
reserved on: Atom, Silvermont, Nehalem, SNB, PHI ec.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Add a digit of precision to the --debug output for frequency range.
This is useful when BCLK is not an integer.

old:
6 * 83 = 500 MHz max efficiency frequency
26 * 83 = 2166 MHz base frequency

new:
6 * 83.3 = 499.8 MHz max efficiency frequency
26 * 83.3 = 2165.8 MHz base frequency
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The Baytrail SOC, with its Silvermont core, has some unique properties:

1. a hardware CC1 residency counter
2. a module-c6 residency counter
3. a package-c6 counter at traditional package-c7 counter address.

The SOC does not support c3, pc3, c7 or pc7 counters.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

The two users, intel_idle driver and turbostat utility
are using the new name, MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL

Cc: x86@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Previously called MSR_NHM_SNB_PKG_CST_CFG_CTL
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

previously known as  MSR_NHM_SNB_PKG_CST_CFG_CTL
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

define MSR_PKG_CST_CONFIG_CONTROL (0xE2),
which is the string used by Intel Documentation.

We use this MSR in intel_idle and turbostat by a previous name,
to be updated in the next patch.

Cc: x86@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

AMT value 0 is unlimited, not PC0
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Without --debug, a debug line was printed on Baytrail:

SLM BCLK: 83.3 Mhz
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

with --debug, see:

cpu0: MSR_CC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG: 0x00000000 (DISable-CC6-Demotion)
cpu0: MSR_MC6_DEMOTION_POLICY_CONFIG: 0x00000000 (DISable-MC6-Demotion)

Note that the hardware default is to enable demotion,
and Linux started clearing these registers in 3.17.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

and so --debug fails with:

turbostat: msr 1 offset 0x1aa read failed: Input/output error

It seems that baytrail, and airmont do not have this MSR.
It is included in subsequent Goldmont Atom.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

Add the "--show" and "--hide" cmdline parameters.

By default, turbostat shows all columns.

turbostat --hide counter_list
will continue showing all columns, except for those listed.

turbostat --show counter_list
will show _only_ the listed columns

These features work for built-in counters, and have no effect
on columns added with the --add parameter.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

When --add was used more than once, overflowed buffers
caused some counters to be stored on top of others,
corrupting the results.  Simplify the code by simply
reserving space for up to 16 added counters per each
cpu, core, package.

Per-cpu added counters were being printed only per-core.
Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>

What happens is that a write to /dev/sg is given a request with non-zero
->iovec_count combined with zero ->dxfer_len.  Or with ->dxferp pointing
to an array full of empty iovecs.

Having write permission to /dev/sg shouldn't be equivalent to the
ability to trigger BUG_ON() while holding spinlocks...

Found by Dmitry Vyukov and syzkaller.

[ The BUG_ON() got changed to a WARN_ON_ONCE(), but this fixes the
  underlying issue.  - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Don't crash the machine just because of an empty transfer. Use WARN_ON()
combined with returning an error.

Found by Dmitry Vyukov and syzkaller.

[ Changed to "WARN_ON_ONCE()". Al has a patch that should fix the root
  cause, but a BUG_ON() is not acceptable in any case, and a WARN_ON()
  might still be a cause of excessive log spamming.

  NOTE! If this warning ever triggers, we may end up leaking resources,
  since this doesn't bother to try to clean the command up. So this
  WARN_ON_ONCE() triggering does imply real problems. But BUG_ON() is
  much worse.

  People really need to stop using BUG_ON() for "this shouldn't ever
  happen". It makes pretty much any bug worse.     - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <jejb@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

If ip6_dst_lookup_tail has acquired a dst and fails the IPv4-mapped
check, release the dst before returning an error.

Fixes: ec5e3b0a ("ipv6: Inhibit IPv4-mapped src address on the wire.")
Signed-off-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Pull ARM SoC fixes from Arnd Bergmann:
 "Two more bugfixes that came in during this week:

   - a defconfig change to enable a vital driver used on some Qualcomm
     based phones. This was already queued for 4.11, but the maintainer
     asked to have it in 4.10 after all.

   - a regression fix for the reset controller framework, this got
     broken by a typo in the 4.10 merge window"

* tag 'fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc:
  ARM: multi_v7_defconfig: enable Qualcomm RPMCC
  reset: fix shared reset triggered_count decrement on error

Pull ARM fixes from Russell King:
 "A couple of fixes from Kees concerning problems he spotted with our
  user access support"

* 'fixes' of git://git.armlinux.org.uk/~rmk/linux-arm:
  ARM: 8658/1: uaccess: fix zeroing of 64-bit get_user()
  ARM: 8657/1: uaccess: consistently check object sizes

Pull x86 fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Make the build clean by working around yet another GCC stupidity"

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/vm86: Fix unused variable warning if THP is disabled

Pull locking fix from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Move the futex init function to core initcall so user mode helper does
  not run into an uninitialized futex syscall"

* 'locking-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  futex: Move futex_init() to core_initcall

Pull timer fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Two small fixes::

   - Prevent deadlock on the tick broadcast lock. Found and fixed by
     Mike.

   - Stop using printk() in the timekeeping debug code to prevent a
     deadlock against the scheduler"

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  timekeeping: Use deferred printk() in debug code
  tick/broadcast: Prevent deadlock on tick_broadcast_lock