- 14 Sep, 2010 3 commits
-
-
Carmelo AMOROSO authored
Linux kernel already has socket syscalls that can be invoked without the multiplexing sys_socketcall wrapper. C library wrappers are ready to use them directly. It needs just to define the missing syscall numbers and provide the related entries into the syscalls table, like sh64 aleady does. Signed-off-by: Francesco Rundo <francesco.rundo@st.com> Signed-off-by: Carmelo Amoroso <carmelo.amoroso@st.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Kuninori Morimoto authored
This patch modify x_plate_ohms to correct value for tsc2007 panel, and removed un-necessary ts_get_pendown_state() Signed-off-by: Kuninori Morimoto <kuninori.morimoto.gx@renesas.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Matt Fleming authored
As the help for the config option suggests, this option really shouldn't be set by default for any recent distribution as it changes the layout of sysfs. I spotted this while running debian when udev got very confused by the sysfs layout and failed to create some device nodes. Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@console-pimps.org> Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
- 07 Sep, 2010 7 commits
-
-
Paul Mundt authored
-
Paul Mundt authored
Now that the resource assignment issues are resolved, we can finally wire up the small third memory window -- in the future we may reclaim this for MSI. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
An IORESOURCE_IO was missing here, which meant that we weren't properly establishing the I/O window for this particular slot. With this corrected, cards with I/O BARs have them actually assigned and accessible. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
Certain memory windows are only available for 32-bit space, so skip over these in 29-bit mode. This will severely restrict the amount of memory that can be mapped, but since a boot loader bug makes booting in 29-bit mode close to impossible anyways, everything is ok. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
This bumps up the low address to match the physical memory windows for SHway<->PCIe transfers. The previous implementation was banking on a 1:1 virt<->phys SHway mapping, which doesn't apply here. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
This attempts a more complete port reset, building on top of the existing approach. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Matt Fleming authored
Signed-off-by: Matt Fleming <matt@console-pimps.org> Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
- 20 Aug, 2010 7 commits
-
-
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6Paul Mundt authored
Conflicts: arch/sh/kernel/process_32.c Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
-
Paul Mundt authored
These were newly added while the defconfig reduction work was ongoing, strip them down now. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
SH7786 PCIe has 1 slot per port, but no specific restriction on function. Relax the devfn restriction and look to the slot number instead when configured as a root complex. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
This was killed off by a simplification patch previously that failed to take the cpufreq use case in to account, so reinstate the old bounding logic. The lowest rate bounding on the other hand was broken in that it never actually got assigned a rate and the best fit rate was instead just getting lucky based on the ordering of the rate table, fix this up so the code actually does what it was intended to do originally. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
This brings the clocking and register setting in line with the somewhat factually ambiguous specification. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
Paul Mundt authored
This enables support for type 1 config space accesses on the SH7786 PCI controller. At the same time, add in some extra sanity checks for controller asserted errors. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
-
- 18 Aug, 2010 23 commits
-
-
git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* 'bugfixes' of git://git.linux-nfs.org/projects/trondmy/nfs-2.6: NFS: Fix an Oops in the NFSv4 atomic open code NFS: Fix the selection of security flavours in Kconfig NFS: fix the return value of nfs_file_fsync() rpcrdma: Fix SQ size calculation when memreg is FRMR xprtrdma: Do not truncate iova_start values in frmr registrations. nfs: Remove redundant NULL check upon kfree() nfs: Add "lookupcache" to displayed mount options NFS: allow close-to-open cache semantics to apply to root of NFS filesystem SUNRPC: fix NFS client over TCP hangs due to packet loss (Bug 16494)
-
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hidLinus Torvalds authored
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hid: USB HID: Add ID for eGalax Multitouch used in JooJoo tablet HID: hiddev: fix memory corruption due to invalid intfdata HID: hiddev: protect against disconnect/NULL-dereference race HID: picolcd: correct ordering of framebuffer freeing HID: picolcd: testing the wrong variable
-
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/aegl/linux-2.6: [IA64] Fix build error: conflicting types for ‘sys_execve’
-
David Howells authored
Fix the declaration of sys_execve() in asm-generic/syscalls.h to have various consts applied to its pointers. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-
Tony Luck authored
arch/ia64/kernel/process.c:636: error: conflicting types for ‘sys_execve’ commit d7627467 Make do_execve() take a const filename pointer Missed the declaration of sys_execve in the ia64 asm/unistd.h (perhaps because there is no reason for it to be there ... it might be a left over from the COMPAT code?). Just delete the conflicting version. Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
-
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6: fs: brlock vfsmount_lock fs: scale files_lock lglock: introduce special lglock and brlock spin locks tty: fix fu_list abuse fs: cleanup files_lock locking fs: remove extra lookup in __lookup_hash fs: fs_struct rwlock to spinlock apparmor: use task path helpers fs: dentry allocation consolidation fs: fix do_lookup false negative mbcache: Limit the maximum number of cache entries hostfs ->follow_link() braino hostfs: dumb (and usually harmless) tpyo - strncpy instead of strlcpy remove SWRITE* I/O types kill BH_Ordered flag vfs: update ctime when changing the file's permission by setfacl cramfs: only unlock new inodes fix reiserfs_evict_inode end_writeback second call
-
Uwe Kleine-König authored
This fixes a build breakage introduced by commit 4c2ef25f ("mmc: fix all hangs related to mmc/sd card insert/removal during suspend/resume") Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Cc: linux-mmc@vger.kernel.org Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> Acked-by: Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com> Acked-by: Maxim Levitsky <maximlevitsky@gmail.com> Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-
Linus Torvalds authored
Merge branch 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: perf tools: Fix build on POSIX shells latencytop: Fix kconfig dependency warnings perf annotate tui: Fix exit and RIGHT keys handling tracing: Sanitize value returned from write(trace_marker, "...", len) tracing/events: Convert format output to seq_file tracing: Extend recordmcount to better support Blackfin mcount tracing: Fix ring_buffer_read_page reading out of page boundary tracing: Fix an unallocated memory access in function_graph
-
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6: ALSA: emu10k1 - delay the PCM interrupts (add pcm_irq_delay parameter) ALSA: hda - Fix ALC680 base model capture ASoC: Remove DSP mode support for WM8776 ALSA: hda - Add quirk for Dell Vostro 1220 ALSA: riptide - Fix detection / load of firmware files
-
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gerg/m68knommuLinus Torvalds authored
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gerg/m68knommu: m68knommu: include sched.h in ColdFire/SPI driver m68knommu: formatting of pointers in printk() m68knommu: arch/m68k/include/asm/ide.h fix for nommu
-
git://neil.brown.name/mdLinus Torvalds authored
* 'for-linus' of git://neil.brown.name/md: md raid-1/10 Fix bio_rw bit manipulations again md: provide appropriate return value for spare_active functions. md: Notify sysfs when RAID1/5/10 disk is In_sync. Update recovery_offset even when external metadata is used.
-
git://git.secretlab.ca/git/linux-2.6Linus Torvalds authored
* 'merge-devicetree' of git://git.secretlab.ca/git/linux-2.6: spi.h: missing kernel-doc notation, please fix of: fix missing headers for of_address_to_resource() in MTD and SysACE drivers of: Fix missing includes ata: update for of_device to platform_device replacement microblaze: Fix of: eliminate of_device->node and dev_archdata->{of,prom}_node microblaze: Fix of/address: Merge all of the bus translation code booting-without-of: Remove nonexistent chapters from TOC, fix numbering
-
Trond Myklebust authored
Adam Lackorzynski reports: with 2.6.35.2 I'm getting this reproducible Oops: [ 110.825396] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at (null) [ 110.828638] IP: [<ffffffff811247b7>] encode_attrs+0x1a/0x2a4 [ 110.828638] PGD be89f067 PUD bf18f067 PMD 0 [ 110.828638] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP [ 110.828638] last sysfs file: /sys/class/net/lo/operstate [ 110.828638] CPU 2 [ 110.828638] Modules linked in: rtc_cmos rtc_core rtc_lib amd64_edac_mod i2c_amd756 edac_core i2c_core dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_snapshot sg sr_mod usb_storage ohci_hcd mptspi tg3 mptscsih mptbase usbcore nls_base [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] [ 110.828638] [ 110.828638] Pid: 11264, comm: setchecksum Not tainted 2.6.35.2 #1 [ 110.828638] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff811247b7>] [<ffffffff811247b7>] encode_attrs+0x1a/0x2a4 [ 110.828638] RSP: 0000:ffff88003bf5b878 EFLAGS: 00010296 [ 110.828638] RAX: ffff8800bddb48a8 RBX: ffff88003bf5bb18 RCX: 0000000000000000 [ 110.828638] RDX: ffff8800be258800 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88003bf5b9f8 [ 110.828638] RBP: 0000000000000000 R08: ffff8800bddb48a8 R09: 0000000000000004 [ 110.828638] R10: 0000000000000003 R11: ffff8800be779000 R12: ffff8800be258800 [ 110.828638] R13: ffff88003bf5b9f8 R14: ffff88003bf5bb20 R15: ffff8800be258800 [ 110.828638] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff880041e00000(0063) knlGS:00000000556bd6b0 [ 110.828638] CS: 0010 DS: 002b ES: 002b CR0: 000000008005003b [ 110.828638] CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 00000000be8ef000 CR4: 00000000000006e0 [ 110.828638] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 [ 110.828638] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 [ 110.828638] Process setchecksum (pid: 11264, threadinfo ffff88003bf5a000, task ffff88003f232210) [ 110.828638] Stack: [ 110.828638] 0000000000000000 ffff8800bfbcf920 0000000000000000 0000000000000ffe [ 110.828638] <0> 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 110.828638] <0> 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 110.828638] Call Trace: [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff81124c1f>] ? nfs4_xdr_enc_setattr+0x90/0xb4 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff81371161>] ? call_transmit+0x1c3/0x24a [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff813774d9>] ? __rpc_execute+0x78/0x22a [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff81371a91>] ? rpc_run_task+0x21/0x2b [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff81371b7e>] ? rpc_call_sync+0x3d/0x5d [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff8111e284>] ? _nfs4_do_setattr+0x11b/0x147 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff81109466>] ? nfs_init_locked+0x0/0x32 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff810ac521>] ? ifind+0x4e/0x90 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff8111e2fb>] ? nfs4_do_setattr+0x4b/0x6e [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff8111e634>] ? nfs4_do_open+0x291/0x3a6 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff8111ed81>] ? nfs4_open_revalidate+0x63/0x14a [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff811056c4>] ? nfs_open_revalidate+0xd7/0x161 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff810a2de4>] ? do_lookup+0x1a4/0x201 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff810a4733>] ? link_path_walk+0x6a/0x9d5 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff810a42b6>] ? do_last+0x17b/0x58e [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff810a5fbe>] ? do_filp_open+0x1bd/0x56e [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff811cd5e0>] ? _atomic_dec_and_lock+0x30/0x48 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff810a9b1b>] ? dput+0x37/0x152 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff810ae063>] ? alloc_fd+0x69/0x10a [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff81099f39>] ? do_sys_open+0x56/0x100 [ 110.828638] [<ffffffff81027a22>] ? ia32_sysret+0x0/0x5 [ 110.828638] Code: 83 f1 01 e8 f5 ca ff ff 48 83 c4 50 5b 5d 41 5c c3 41 57 41 56 41 55 49 89 fd 41 54 49 89 d4 55 48 89 f5 53 48 81 ec 18 01 00 00 <8b> 06 89 c2 83 e2 08 83 fa 01 19 db 83 e3 f8 83 c3 18 a8 01 8d [ 110.828638] RIP [<ffffffff811247b7>] encode_attrs+0x1a/0x2a4 [ 110.828638] RSP <ffff88003bf5b878> [ 110.828638] CR2: 0000000000000000 [ 112.840396] ---[ end trace 95282e83fd77358f ]--- We need to ensure that the O_EXCL flag is turned off if the user doesn't set O_CREAT. Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
-
Takashi Iwai authored
-
Takashi Iwai authored
-
Jaroslav Kysela authored
With some hardware combinations, the PCM interrupts are acknowledged before the period boundary from the emu10k1 chip. The midlevel PCM code gets confused and the playback stream is interrupted. It seems that the interrupt processing shift by 2 samples is enough to fix this issue. This default value does not harm other, non-affected hardware. More information: Kernel bugzilla bug#16300 [A copmile warning fixed by tiwai] Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
-
Nick Piggin authored
fs: brlock vfsmount_lock Use a brlock for the vfsmount lock. It must be taken for write whenever modifying the mount hash or associated fields, and may be taken for read when performing mount hash lookups. A new lock is added for the mnt-id allocator, so it doesn't need to take the heavy vfsmount write-lock. The number of atomics should remain the same for fastpath rlock cases, though code would be slightly slower due to per-cpu access. Scalability is not not be much improved in common cases yet, due to other locks (ie. dcache_lock) getting in the way. However path lookups crossing mountpoints should be one case where scalability is improved (currently requiring the global lock). The slowpath is slower due to use of brlock. On a 64 core, 64 socket, 32 node Altix system (high latency to remote nodes), a simple umount microbenchmark (mount --bind mnt mnt2 ; umount mnt2 loop 1000 times), before this patch it took 6.8s, afterwards took 7.1s, about 5% slower. Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-
Nick Piggin authored
fs: scale files_lock Improve scalability of files_lock by adding per-cpu, per-sb files lists, protected with an lglock. The lglock provides fast access to the per-cpu lists to add and remove files. It also provides a snapshot of all the per-cpu lists (although this is very slow). One difficulty with this approach is that a file can be removed from the list by another CPU. We must track which per-cpu list the file is on with a new variale in the file struct (packed into a hole on 64-bit archs). Scalability could suffer if files are frequently removed from different cpu's list. However loads with frequent removal of files imply short interval between adding and removing the files, and the scheduler attempts to avoid moving processes too far away. Also, even in the case of cross-CPU removal, the hardware has much more opportunity to parallelise cacheline transfers with N cachelines than with 1. A worst-case test of 1 CPU allocating files subsequently being freed by N CPUs degenerates to contending on a single lock, which is no worse than before. When more than one CPU are allocating files, even if they are always freed by different CPUs, there will be more parallelism than the single-lock case. Testing results: On a 2 socket, 8 core opteron, I measure the number of times the lock is taken to remove the file, the number of times it is removed by the same CPU that added it, and the number of times it is removed by the same node that added it. Booting: locks= 25049 cpu-hits= 23174 (92.5%) node-hits= 23945 (95.6%) kbuild -j16 locks=2281913 cpu-hits=2208126 (96.8%) node-hits=2252674 (98.7%) dbench 64 locks=4306582 cpu-hits=4287247 (99.6%) node-hits=4299527 (99.8%) So a file is removed from the same CPU it was added by over 90% of the time. It remains within the same node 95% of the time. Tim Chen ran some numbers for a 64 thread Nehalem system performing a compile. throughput 2.6.34-rc2 24.5 +patch 24.9 us sys idle IO wait (in %) 2.6.34-rc2 51.25 28.25 17.25 3.25 +patch 53.75 18.5 19 8.75 So significantly less CPU time spent in kernel code, higher idle time and slightly higher throughput. Single threaded performance difference was within the noise of microbenchmarks. That is not to say penalty does not exist, the code is larger and more memory accesses required so it will be slightly slower. Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-
Nick Piggin authored
lglock: introduce special lglock and brlock spin locks This patch introduces "local-global" locks (lglocks). These can be used to: - Provide fast exclusive access to per-CPU data, with exclusive access to another CPU's data allowed but possibly subject to contention, and to provide very slow exclusive access to all per-CPU data. - Or to provide very fast and scalable read serialisation, and to provide very slow exclusive serialisation of data (not necessarily per-CPU data). Brlocks are also implemented as a short-hand notation for the latter use case. Thanks to Paul for local/global naming convention. Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-
Nick Piggin authored
tty: fix fu_list abuse tty code abuses fu_list, which causes a bug in remount,ro handling. If a tty device node is opened on a filesystem, then the last link to the inode removed, the filesystem will be allowed to be remounted readonly. This is because fs_may_remount_ro does not find the 0 link tty inode on the file sb list (because the tty code incorrectly removed it to use for its own purpose). This can result in a filesystem with errors after it is marked "clean". Taking idea from Christoph's initial patch, allocate a tty private struct at file->private_data and put our required list fields in there, linking file and tty. This makes tty nodes behave the same way as other device nodes and avoid meddling with the vfs, and avoids this bug. The error handling is not trivial in the tty code, so for this bugfix, I take the simple approach of using __GFP_NOFAIL and don't worry about memory errors. This is not a problem because our allocator doesn't fail small allocs as a rule anyway. So proper error handling is left as an exercise for tty hackers. [ Arguably filesystem's device inode would ideally be divorced from the driver's pseudo inode when it is opened, but in practice it's not clear whether that will ever be worth implementing. ] Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-
Nick Piggin authored
fs: cleanup files_lock locking Lock tty_files with a new spinlock, tty_files_lock; provide helpers to manipulate the per-sb files list; unexport the files_lock spinlock. Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Acked-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-
Nick Piggin authored
fs: remove extra lookup in __lookup_hash Optimize lookup for create operations, where no dentry should often be common-case. In cases where it is not, such as unlink, the added overhead is much smaller than the removed. Also, move comments about __d_lookup racyness to the __d_lookup call site. d_lookup is intuitive; __d_lookup is what needs commenting. So in that same vein, add kerneldoc comments to __d_lookup and clean up some of the comments: - We are interested in how the RCU lookup works here, particularly with renames. Make that explicit, and point to the document where it is explained in more detail. - RCU is pretty standard now, and macros make implementations pretty mindless. If we want to know about RCU barrier details, we look in RCU code. - Delete some boring legacy comments because we don't care much about how the code used to work, more about the interesting parts of how it works now. So comments about lazy LRU may be interesting, but would better be done in the LRU or refcount management code. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-
Nick Piggin authored
fs: fs_struct rwlock to spinlock struct fs_struct.lock is an rwlock with the read-side used to protect root and pwd members while taking references to them. Taking a reference to a path typically requires just 2 atomic ops, so the critical section is very small. Parallel read-side operations would have cacheline contention on the lock, the dentry, and the vfsmount cachelines, so the rwlock is unlikely to ever give a real parallelism increase. Replace it with a spinlock to avoid one or two atomic operations in typical path lookup fastpath. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
-