Patch from John Stultz.

This reorganises the subarch files to put all the headers under the
include dir, instead of mixing them up with the C files.  The only
interesting part is the top section where he makes it fall back from the
subarch dir to the default dir if there's no .h file under the subarch
dir.

This means we can create multiple subarches without copying every single
file that any subarch wants into all the directories.  And is much
tidier, IMHO.

the fast case with a pushf/popf, by having the kernel debug trap
set the TIF_SINGLESTEP flag and causing the return path to dtrt.

boot_cpu_data should contain the common capabilities of all cpus in the
system. identify_cpu [arch/i386/kernel/cpu/common.c] tries to enforce
that. But right now, the SMP trampoline code [arch/i386/kernel/head.S]
overwrites boot_cpu_data when the secondary cpus are started, i.e.
boot_cpu_data contains the capabilities from the last cpu that booted :-(

The attached patch adds a new, __initdata variable for the asm code.

Restore the accidentally dropped code to handle "init=xxx"

This fixes a hang in change_page_attr() that occured with mem=nopentium.

Make sure a non large page kernel mapping is handled correctly.
Previously the page reference counter was handled incorrectly in this
case.

Also hardens change_page_attr against bogus addresses.  You get an
EINVAL now.

"mem=nopentium" would clear the PSE bit in boot_cpu_data, but the CPU
detection later would overwrite it again from CPUID.

The large pages would be correctly disabled, but cpu_has_pse was lying.

This patch makes sure it stays clear when the option is given.

I also took the liberty to remove these obnoxious cpu capability
printks who give no use information (the data can be either gotten
from CPUID in user space in raw form or from /proc/cpuinfo processed)

According to Intel's recommendation, 'rep;nop; should be called before
testing if the lock variable was modified (i.e. rep nop;cmp;jcc). The
current implementation does it the wrong way around: first test, then
wait, then branch. I've asked Asit Mallik from Intel, and he recommended
to change it.

It should be at least consistent: Right now, spinlock uses
'cmp;rep nop;jcc', rwlock uses 'rep nop;cmp;jcc'

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

use a #include mechanism for generic implementations of the pci_
API in terms of the dma_ one

into home.transmeta.com:/home/torvalds/v2.5/linux

into kroah.com:/home/linux/linux/BK/gregkh-2.5

This patch (originally from Sergey Vlasov) adds support for scanners
with only one bulk-in endpoint. It's needed by all the GT-6801 based
scanners like the Artec Ultima 2000 or some of the Mustek BearPaws.

This patch adds additional vendor and product ids for Nikon, Mustek,
Plustek, Genius, Epson, Canon, Umax, Hewlett-Packard, Benq, Agfa,
and Minolta scanners. The entries for Benq, Genius and Plustek
scanners have been updated.

I've also increased the version number to 0.4.9 and brought the
version numbers in scanner.c and scanner.h in sync.

 > ... usb-storage gets unhappy when
 > it decides (why?  and unsuccessfully) to reset high speed
 > devices.  ...

I don't know if that problem is resolved, but this patch
makes the question moot by handling an earlier error correctly.

The patch updates an incorrect test, so a short read will now
be treated as one.  Please merge.

This lets storage behave again.  As in, "mkfs -c" then copy
about 8 GB around, then 'dbench'.

device DMA now (see <linux/pci.h> for the compat wrapper).

add dma_ API to mirror pci_ DMA API but phrased to use struct
device instead of struct pci_dev.

See Documentation/DMA-API.txt for details

 - printk is not an acceptable substitute for errors
 - fix indentation of mtrr_close()
 - fix duplicate mtrr "release" fn pointer initializer

Patch from Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>

remove unused macro MAP_ALIGN()

From hch.  Nothing is using the memclass() predicate.

They are 260 bytes.  We can get 15 per page without cacheline
alignment.  But we're currently only getting ten per page on P4.

An `ls' in hugetlbfs currently shows all files having zero size.

So, part-cosmetic, part-informative, we here set i_size to represent the
index of the highest present page in the mapping, plus one.

From Rohit Seth

Attached is a patch that passes the correct information back to user
land for number of attachments to shared memory segment.  I could have
done few more changes in a way nattach is getting set for regular cases
now, but just want to limit it at this point.

From Rohit Seth

1) Bug fixes (mainly in the unsuccessful attempts of hugepages).

   i) not modifying the value of key for unsuccessful key
      allocation

   ii) Correct usage of mmap_sem in free_hugepages

   iii) Proper unlocking of key->lock for partial hugepage
        allocations


2) Include the IPC_LOCK for permission to use hugepages via the
   syscall interface.  This brings the syscall interface into line with
   the hugetlbfs interface.

   It also adds permits users who are in the superuser group to
   access hugetlb resources.  This is so that database servers can run
   without elevated permissions.

3) Increment the key_counts during forks to correctly identify the
   number of processes references a key.

This is a forward-port from 2.4.  One of Stephen's recent fixes.  I
managed to merge up only half of it.  Here is the rest.  It should fix
the asserton failure reported by Robert Macaulay
<robert_macaulay@dell.com>

"There was a race window in buffer refiling where we could temporarily
 expose the journal's internal BH_JBDDirect flag as BH_Dirty, which is
 visible to the rest of the VFS.  That doesn't affect the journaling,
 because we hold journal_head locks while the buffer is in this
 transient state, but bdflush can see the buffer and write it out
 unexpectedly, causing ext3 to find the buffer in an unexpected state
 later."

 The fix simply keeps the dirty bits clear during the internal buffer
 processing, restoring the state to the private BH_JBDDirect once
 refiling is complete."

If ext3_add_nondir() fails it will do an iput() of the inode.  But we
continue to run ext3_mark_inode_dirty() against the potentially-freed
inode.  This oopses when slab poisoning is enabled.

Fix it so that we only run ext3_mark_inode_dirty() if the inode was
successfully instantiated.

Renames the local variables `bh2', `i', `j', 'k', and `tmp' to
something meanigful.  This brings ext2_new_block() into line with
ext3_new_block().

The same thing, for ext2.

When an ext3 (or ext2) file is first created the filesystem has to
choose the initial starting block for its data allocations.  In the
usual (new-file) case, that initial goal block is the zeroeth block of
a particular blockgroup.

This is the worst possible choice.  Because it _guarantees_ that this
file's blocks will be pessimally intermingled with the blocks of
another file which is growing within the same blockgroup.

We've always had this problem with files in the same directory.  With
the introduction of the Orlov allocator we now have the problem with
files in different directories.  And it got noticed.  This is the cause
of the post-Orlov 50% slowdown in dbench throughput on ext3 on
write-through caching SCSI on SMP.  And 25% in ext2.

It doesn't happen on uniprocessor because a single CPU will not exhibit
sufficient concurrency in allocation against two or more files.

It will happen on uniprocessor if the files are growing slowly.

It has always happened if the files are in the same directory.

ext2 has the same problem but it is siginficantly less damaging there
because of ext2's eight-block per-inode preallocation window.

The patch largely solves this problem by not always starting the
allocation goal at the zeroeth block of the blockgroup.  We instead
chop the blockgroup into sixteen starting points and select one of those
based on the lower four bits of the calling process's PID.

The PID was chosen as the index because this will help to ensure that
related files have the same starting goal.  If one process is slowly
writing two files in the same directory, we still lose.


Using the PID in the heuristic is a bit weird.  As an alternative I
tried using the file's directory's i_ino.  That fixed the dbench
problem OK but caused a 15% slowdown in the fast-growth `untar a kernel
tree' workload.  Because this approach will cause files which are in
different directories to spread out more.  Suppressing that behaviour
when the files are all being created by the same process is a
reasonable heuristic.


I changed dbench to never unlink its files, and used e2fsck to
determine how many fragmented files were present after a `dbench 32'
run.  With this patch and the next couple, ext2's fragmentation went
from 22% to 13% and ext3's from 25% to 10.4%.

ext2 places non-directory objects into the same blockgroup as their
directory, as long as that directory has free inodes.  It does this
even if there are no free blocks in that blockgroup (!).

This means that if there are lots of files being created at a common
point in the tree, they _all_ have the same starting blockgroup.  For
each file we do a big search forwards for the first block and the
allocations end up getting intermingled.

So this patch will avoid placing new inodes in block groups which have
no free blocks.

So far so good.  But this means that if a lot of new files are being
created under a directory (or multiple directories) which are in the
same blockgroup, all the new inodes will overflow into the same
blockgroup.  No improvement at all.

So the patch arranges for the new inode locations to be "spread out"
across different blockgroups if they are not going to be placed in
their directory's block group.  This is done by adding parent->i_ino
into the starting point for the quadratic hash.  i_ino was chosen so
that files which are in the same directory will tend to all land in the
same new blockgroup.

- Add some (much-needed) commentary to the ext2/ext3 block allocator
  state fields.

- Remove the SEARCH_FROM_ZERO debug code.  I wrote that to trigger
  some race and it hasn't been used in a year.

The `low latency page reclaim' design works by preventing page
allocators from blocking on request queues (and by preventing them from
blocking against writeback of individual pages, but that is immaterial
here).

This has a problem under some situations.  pdflush (or a write(2)
caller) could be saturating the queue with highmem pages.  This
prevents anyone from writing back ZONE_NORMAL pages.  We end up doing
enormous amounts of scenning.

A test case is to mmap(MAP_SHARED) almost all of a 4G machine's memory,
then kill the mmapping applications.  The machine instantly goes from
0% of memory dirty to 95% or more.  pdflush kicks in and starts writing
the least-recently-dirtied pages, which are all highmem.  The queue is
congested so nobody will write back ZONE_NORMAL pages.  kswapd chews
50% of the CPU scanning past dirty ZONE_NORMAL pages and page reclaim
efficiency (pages_reclaimed/pages_scanned) falls to 2%.

So this patch changes the policy for kswapd.  kswapd may use all of a
request queue, and is prepared to block on request queues.

What will now happen in the above scenario is:

1: The page alloctor scans some pages, fails to reclaim enough
   memory and takes a nap in blk_congetion_wait().

2: kswapd() will scan the ZONE_NORMAL LRU and will start writing
   back pages.  (These pages will be rotated to the tail of the
   inactive list at IO-completion interrupt time).

   This writeback will saturate the queue with ZONE_NORMAL pages.
   Conveniently, pdflush will avoid the congested queues.  So we end up
   writing the correct pages.

In this test, kswapd CPU utilisation falls from 50% to 2%, page reclaim
efficiency rises from 2% to 40% and things are generally a lot happier.


The downside is that kswapd may now do a lot less page reclaim,
increasing page allocation latency, causing more direct reclaim,
increasing lock contention in the VM, etc.  But I have not been able to
demonstrate that in testing.


The other problem is that there is only one kswapd, and there are lots
of disks.  That is a generic problem - without being able to co-opt
user processes we don't have enough threads to keep lots of disks saturated.

One fix for this would be to add an additional "really congested"
threshold in the request queues, so kswapd can still perform
nonblocking writeout.  This gives kswapd priority over pdflush while
allowing kswapd to feed many disk queues.  I doubt if this will be
called for.

We keep getting in a mess with the current->flags setting and
unsetting.

Remove current->flags:PF_NOWARN and create __GFP_NOWARN instead.

- A C99 initialiser in drivers/char/mem.c

- Remove unneeded deref in madvise_willneed()

Add a generic_file_readonly_mmap() for !CONFIG_MMU.

slab poisons objects with 0x5a both when they are constructed and when
they are freed.  So it is not possible to tell whether a deref of
0x5a5a5a5a was a use-before-initialisation bug or a use-after-free bug.

The patch changes it so that

1) A deref of 0x5a5a5a5a means use-of-uninitialised-memory

2) A deref of 0x6b6b6b6b means use-of-freed-memory.

move_vma() calls do_munmap() and then uses the memory at *new_vma.

But when starting X11 it just happens that the memory which do_munmap
unmapped had the same start address and the range at *new_vma.  So new_vma
is freed by do_munmap().

This was never noticed before because (vm_flags & VM_LOCKED) evaluates
false when vm_flags is 0x5a5a5a5a.  But I just changed that to 0x6b6b6b6b
and boom - we call make_pages_present() with start == end == 0x6b6b6b6b and
it goes BUG.

So I think the right fix here is for move_vma() to not inspect the values
of any vma's after it has called do_munmap().

The patch does that, for `new_vma'.

The local variable `vma' is also being used after the call do do_munmap(),
and this may also be a bug.  Proving that this is not so, and adding a
comment to explain why is hereby added to Hugh's todo list ;)

There's a small window in which another CPU could dirty the page after
we've cleaned it, and before we've moved it to mapping->dirty_pages().
The end result is a dirty page on mapping->locked_pages, which is
wrong.

So take mapping->page_lock before clearing the dirty bit.