- 04 Jun, 2014 40 commits
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Denys Vlasenko authored
Existing description is worded in a way which almost encourages setting of vfs_cache_pressure above 100, possibly way above it. Users are left in a dark what this numeric value is - an int? a percentage? what the scale is? As a result, we are getting reports about noticeable performance degradation from users who have set vfs_cache_pressure to ridiculously high values - because they thought there is no downside to it. Via code inspection it's obvious that this value is treated as a percentage. This patch changes text to reflect this fact, and adds a cautionary paragraph advising against setting vfs_cache_pressure sky high. Signed-off-by:
Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Naoya Horiguchi authored
Currently memory error handler handles action optional errors in the deferred manner by default. And if a recovery aware application wants to handle it immediately, it can do it by setting PF_MCE_EARLY flag. However, such signal can be sent only to the main thread, so it's problematic if the application wants to have a dedicated thread to handler such signals. So this patch adds dedicated thread support to memory error handler. We have PF_MCE_EARLY flags for each thread separately, so with this patch AO signal is sent to the thread with PF_MCE_EARLY flag set, not the main thread. If you want to implement a dedicated thread, you call prctl() to set PF_MCE_EARLY on the thread. Memory error handler collects processes to be killed, so this patch lets it check PF_MCE_EARLY flag on each thread in the collecting routines. No behavioral change for all non-early kill cases. Tony said: : The old behavior was crazy - someone with a multithreaded process might : well expect that if they call prctl(PF_MCE_EARLY) in just one thread, then : that thread would see the SIGBUS with si_code = BUS_MCEERR_A0 - even if : that thread wasn't the main thread for the process. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by:
Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Reviewed-by:
Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Kamil Iskra <iskra@mcs.anl.gov> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.jf.intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.2+] Signed-off-by:
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Tony Luck authored
When Linux sees an "action optional" machine check (where h/w has reported an error that is not in the current execution path) we generally do not want to signal a process, since most processes do not have a SIGBUS handler - we'd just prematurely terminate the process for a problem that they might never actually see. task_early_kill() decides whether to consider a process - and it checks whether this specific process has been marked for early signals with "prctl", or if the system administrator has requested early signals for all processes using /proc/sys/vm/memory_failure_early_kill. But for MF_ACTION_REQUIRED case we must not defer. The error is in the execution path of the current thread so we must send the SIGBUS immediatley. Fix by passing a flag argument through collect_procs*() to task_early_kill() so it knows whether we can defer or must take action. Signed-off-by:
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Tony Luck authored
When a thread in a multi-threaded application hits a machine check because of an uncorrectable error in memory - we want to send the SIGBUS with si.si_code = BUS_MCEERR_AR to that thread. Currently we fail to do that if the active thread is not the primary thread in the process. collect_procs() just finds primary threads and this test: if ((flags & MF_ACTION_REQUIRED) && t == current) { will see that the thread we found isn't the current thread and so send a si.si_code = BUS_MCEERR_AO to the primary (and nothing to the active thread at this time). We can fix this by checking whether "current" shares the same mm with the process that collect_procs() said owned the page. If so, we send the SIGBUS to current (with code BUS_MCEERR_AR). Signed-off-by:Otto Bruggeman <otto.g.bruggeman@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.jf.intel.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.2+] Signed-off-by:
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Jianyu Zhan authored
There is an orphaned prehistoric comment , which used to be against get_dirty_limits(), the dawn of global_dirtyable_memory(). Back then, the implementation of get_dirty_limits() is complicated and full of magic numbers, so this comment is necessary. But we now use the clear and neat global_dirtyable_memory(), which renders this comment ambiguous and useless. Remove it. Signed-off-by:
Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com> Acked-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by:
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Chen Yucong authored
Via commit ebc2a1a6 ("swap: make cluster allocation per-cpu"), we can find that all SWP_SOLIDSTATE "seek is cheap"(SSD case) has already gone to si->cluster_info scan_swap_map_try_ssd_cluster() route. So that the "last_in_cluster < scan_base" loop in the body of scan_swap_map() has already become a dead code snippet, and it should have been deleted. This patch is to delete the redundant loop as Hugh and Shaohua suggested. [hughd@google.com: fix comment, simplify code] Signed-off-by:
Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Acked-by:
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Naoya Horiguchi authored
We already have a function named hugepages_supported(), and the similar name hugepage_migration_support() is a bit unconfortable, so let's rename it hugepage_migration_supported(). Signed-off-by:
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Kirill A. Shutemov authored
Some clarification on how faultaround works. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text] Signed-off-by:
Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Kirill A. Shutemov authored
There is evidencs that the faultaround feature is less relevant on architectures with page size bigger then 4k. Which makes sense since page fault overhead per byte of mapped area should be less there. Let's rework the feature to specify faultaround area in bytes instead of page order. It's 64 kilobytes for now. The patch effectively disables faultaround on architectures with page size >= 64k (like ppc64). It's possible that some other size of faultaround area is relevant for a platform. We can expose `fault_around_bytes' variable to arch-specific code once such platforms will be found. Signed-off-by:
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Zhang Zhen authored
add_active_range() has been repalced by memblock_set_node(). Clean up the comments to comply with that change. Signed-off-by:
Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Konstantin Khlebnikov authored
Transform action part of ttu_flags into individiual bits. These flags aren't part of any uses-space visible api or even trace events. Signed-off-by:
Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Konstantin Khlebnikov authored
In its munmap mode, try_to_unmap_one() searches other mlocked vmas, it never unmaps pages. There is no reason for invalidation because ptes are left unchanged. Signed-off-by:
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Konstantin Khlebnikov authored
CONFIG_CROSS_MEMORY_ATTACH adds couple syscalls: process_vm_readv and process_vm_writev, it's a kind of IPC for copying data between processes. Currently this option is placed inside "Processor type and features". This patch moves it into "General setup" (where all other arch-independed syscalls and ipc features are placed) and changes prompt string to less cryptic. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Commit "mm: vmscan: obey proportional scanning requirements for kswapd" ensured that file/anon lists were scanned proportionally for reclaim from kswapd but ignored it for direct reclaim. The intent was to minimse direct reclaim latency but Yuanhan Liu pointer out that it substitutes one long stall for many small stalls and distorts aging for normal workloads like streaming readers/writers. Hugh Dickins pointed out that a side-effect of the same commit was that when one LRU list dropped to zero that the entirety of the other list was shrunk leading to excessive reclaim in memcgs. This patch scans the file/anon lists proportionally for direct reclaim to similarly age page whether reclaimed by kswapd or direct reclaim but takes care to abort reclaim if one LRU drops to zero after reclaiming the requested number of pages. Based on ext4 and using the Intel VM scalability test 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 shrinker proportion Unit lru-file-readonce elapsed 5.3500 ( 0.00%) 5.4200 ( -1.31%) Unit lru-file-readonce time_range 0.2700 ( 0.00%) 0.1400 ( 48.15%) Unit lru-file-readonce time_stddv 0.1148 ( 0.00%) 0.0536 ( 53.33%) Unit lru-file-readtwice elapsed 8.1700 ( 0.00%) 8.1700 ( 0.00%) Unit lru-file-readtwice time_range 0.4300 ( 0.00%) 0.2300 ( 46.51%) Unit lru-file-readtwice time_stddv 0.1650 ( 0.00%) 0.0971 ( 41.16%) The test cases are running multiple dd instances reading sparse files. The results are within the noise for the small test machine. The impact of the patch is more noticable from the vmstats 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 shrinker proportion Minor Faults 35154 36784 Major Faults 611 1305 Swap Ins 394 1651 Swap Outs 4394 5891 Allocation stalls 118616 44781 Direct pages scanned 4935171 4602313 Kswapd pages scanned 15921292 16258483 Kswapd pages reclaimed 15913301 16248305 Direct pages reclaimed 4933368 4601133 Kswapd efficiency 99% 99% Kswapd velocity 670088.047 682555.961 Direct efficiency 99% 99% Direct velocity 207709.217 193212.133 Percentage direct scans 23% 22% Page writes by reclaim 4858.000 6232.000 Page writes file 464 341 Page writes anon 4394 5891 Note that there are fewer allocation stalls even though the amount of direct reclaim scanning is very approximately the same. Signed-off-by:Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Tested-by:
Yuanhan Liu <yuanhan.liu@linux.intel.com> Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by:
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Tim Chen authored
We remove the call to grab_super_passive in call to super_cache_count. This becomes a scalability bottleneck as multiple threads are trying to do memory reclamation, e.g. when we are doing large amount of file read and page cache is under pressure. The cached objects quickly got reclaimed down to 0 and we are aborting the cache_scan() reclaim. But counting creates a log jam acquiring the sb_lock. We are holding the shrinker_rwsem which ensures the safety of call to list_lru_count_node() and s_op->nr_cached_objects. The shrinker is unregistered now before ->kill_sb() so the operation is safe when we are doing unmount. The impact will depend heavily on the machine and the workload but for a small machine using postmark tuned to use 4xRAM size the results were 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 vanilla shrinker-v1r1 Ops/sec Transactions 21.00 ( 0.00%) 24.00 ( 14.29%) Ops/sec FilesCreate 39.00 ( 0.00%) 44.00 ( 12.82%) Ops/sec CreateTransact 10.00 ( 0.00%) 12.00 ( 20.00%) Ops/sec FilesDeleted 6202.00 ( 0.00%) 6202.00 ( 0.00%) Ops/sec DeleteTransact 11.00 ( 0.00%) 12.00 ( 9.09%) Ops/sec DataRead/MB 25.97 ( 0.00%) 29.10 ( 12.05%) Ops/sec DataWrite/MB 49.99 ( 0.00%) 56.02 ( 12.06%) ffsb running in a configuration that is meant to simulate a mail server showed 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 vanilla shrinker-v1r1 Ops/sec readall 9402.63 ( 0.00%) 9567.97 ( 1.76%) Ops/sec create 4695.45 ( 0.00%) 4735.00 ( 0.84%) Ops/sec delete 173.72 ( 0.00%) 179.83 ( 3.52%) Ops/sec Transactions 14271.80 ( 0.00%) 14482.81 ( 1.48%) Ops/sec Read 37.00 ( 0.00%) 37.60 ( 1.62%) Ops/sec Write 18.20 ( 0.00%) 18.30 ( 0.55%) Signed-off-by:Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by:
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Dave Chinner authored
This series is aimed at regressions noticed during reclaim activity. The first two patches are shrinker patches that were posted ages ago but never merged for reasons that are unclear to me. I'm posting them again to see if there was a reason they were dropped or if they just got lost. Dave? Time? The last patch adjusts proportional reclaim. Yuanhan Liu, can you retest the vm scalability test cases on a larger machine? Hugh, does this work for you on the memcg test cases? Based on ext4, I get the following results but unfortunately my larger test machines are all unavailable so this is based on a relatively small machine. postmark 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 vanilla proportion-v1r4 Ops/sec Transactions 21.00 ( 0.00%) 25.00 ( 19.05%) Ops/sec FilesCreate 39.00 ( 0.00%) 45.00 ( 15.38%) Ops/sec CreateTransact 10.00 ( 0.00%) 12.00 ( 20.00%) Ops/sec FilesDeleted 6202.00 ( 0.00%) 6202.00 ( 0.00%) Ops/sec DeleteTransact 11.00 ( 0.00%) 12.00 ( 9.09%) Ops/sec DataRead/MB 25.97 ( 0.00%) 30.02 ( 15.59%) Ops/sec DataWrite/MB 49.99 ( 0.00%) 57.78 ( 15.58%) ffsb (mail server simulator) 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 vanilla proportion-v1r4 Ops/sec readall 9402.63 ( 0.00%) 9805.74 ( 4.29%) Ops/sec create 4695.45 ( 0.00%) 4781.39 ( 1.83%) Ops/sec delete 173.72 ( 0.00%) 177.23 ( 2.02%) Ops/sec Transactions 14271.80 ( 0.00%) 14764.37 ( 3.45%) Ops/sec Read 37.00 ( 0.00%) 38.50 ( 4.05%) Ops/sec Write 18.20 ( 0.00%) 18.50 ( 1.65%) dd of a large file 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 vanilla proportion-v1r4 WallTime DownloadTar 75.00 ( 0.00%) 61.00 ( 18.67%) WallTime DD 423.00 ( 0.00%) 401.00 ( 5.20%) WallTime Delete 2.00 ( 0.00%) 5.00 (-150.00%) stutter (times mmap latency during large amounts of IO) 3.15.0-rc5 3.15.0-rc5 vanilla proportion-v1r4 Unit >5ms Delays 80252.0000 ( 0.00%) 81523.0000 ( -1.58%) Unit Mmap min 8.2118 ( 0.00%) 8.3206 ( -1.33%) Unit Mmap mean 17.4614 ( 0.00%) 17.2868 ( 1.00%) Unit Mmap stddev 24.9059 ( 0.00%) 34.6771 (-39.23%) Unit Mmap max 2811.6433 ( 0.00%) 2645.1398 ( 5.92%) Unit Mmap 90% 20.5098 ( 0.00%) 18.3105 ( 10.72%) Unit Mmap 93% 22.9180 ( 0.00%) 20.1751 ( 11.97%) Unit Mmap 95% 25.2114 ( 0.00%) 22.4988 ( 10.76%) Unit Mmap 99% 46.1430 ( 0.00%) 43.5952 ( 5.52%) Unit Ideal Tput 85.2623 ( 0.00%) 78.8906 ( 7.47%) Unit Tput min 44.0666 ( 0.00%) 43.9609 ( 0.24%) Unit Tput mean 45.5646 ( 0.00%) 45.2009 ( 0.80%) Unit Tput stddev 0.9318 ( 0.00%) 1.1084 (-18.95%) Unit Tput max 46.7375 ( 0.00%) 46.7539 ( -0.04%) This patch (of 3): We will like to unregister the sb shrinker before ->kill_sb(). This will allow cached objects to be counted without call to grab_super_passive() to update ref count on sb. We want to avoid locking during memory reclamation especially when we are skipping the memory reclaim when we are out of cached objects. This is safe because grab_super_passive does a try-lock on the sb->s_umount now, and so if we are in the unmount process, it won't ever block. That means what used to be a deadlock and races we were avoiding by using grab_super_passive() is now: shrinker umount down_read(shrinker_rwsem) down_write(sb->s_umount) shrinker_unregister down_write(shrinker_rwsem) <blocks> grab_super_passive(sb) down_read_trylock(sb->s_umount) <fails> <shrinker aborts> .... <shrinkers finish running> up_read(shrinker_rwsem) <unblocks> <removes shrinker> up_write(shrinker_rwsem) ->kill_sb() .... So it is safe to deregister the shrinker before ->kill_sb(). Signed-off-by: -
Kirill A. Shutemov authored
Signed-off-by:
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Matthew Wilcox authored
msync() currently syncs more than POSIX requires or BSD or Solaris implement. It is supposed to be equivalent to fdatasync(), not fsync(), and it is only supposed to sync the portion of the file that overlaps the range passed to msync. If the VMA is non-linear, fall back to syncing the entire file, but we still optimise to only fdatasync() the entire file, not the full fsync(). akpm: there are obvious concerns with bck-compatibility: is anyone relying on the undocumented side-effect for their data integrity? And how would they ever know if this change broke their data integrity? We think the risk is reasonably low, and this patch brings the kernel into line with other OS's and with what the manpage has always said... Signed-off-by:
Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com> Reviewed-by:
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by:
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com> Signed-off-by:
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Chen Yucong authored
Remove an unused global variable mce_entry and relative operations in do_machine_check(). Signed-off-by:
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Vlastimil Babka authored
Compaction uses compact_checklock_irqsave() function to periodically check for lock contention and need_resched() to either abort async compaction, or to free the lock, schedule and retake the lock. When aborting, cc->contended is set to signal the contended state to the caller. Two problems have been identified in this mechanism. First, compaction also calls directly cond_resched() in both scanners when no lock is yet taken. This call either does not abort async compaction, or set cc->contended appropriately. This patch introduces a new compact_should_abort() function to achieve both. In isolate_freepages(), the check frequency is reduced to once by SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pageblocks to match what the migration scanner does in the preliminary page checks. In case a pageblock is found suitable for calling isolate_freepages_block(), the checks within there are done on higher frequency. Second, isolate_freepages() does not check if isolate_freepages_block() aborted due to contention, and advances to the next pageblock. This violates the principle of aborting on contention, and might result in pageblocks not being scanned completely, since the scanning cursor is advanced. This problem has been noticed in the code by Joonsoo Kim when reviewing related patches. This patch makes isolate_freepages_block() check the cc->contended flag and abort. In case isolate_freepages() has already isolated some pages before aborting due to contention, page migration will proceed, which is OK since we do not want to waste the work that has been done, and page migration has own checks for contention. However, we do not want another isolation attempt by either of the scanners, so cc->contended flag check is added also to compaction_alloc() and compact_finished() to make sure compaction is aborted right after the migration. The outcome of the patch should be reduced lock contention by async compaction and lower latencies for higher-order allocations where direct compaction is involved. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix typo in comment] Reported-by:
Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Reviewed-by:
Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Tested-by:
Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> Tested-by:
Kevin Hilman <khilman@linaro.org> Tested-by:
Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Tested-by:
Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by:
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Fabian Frederick authored
Fix checkpatch warning: WARNING: kfree(NULL) is safe this check is probably not required Signed-off-by:
Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Signed-off-by:
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Fabian Frederick authored
...like other filesystems. Signed-off-by:
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Fabian Frederick authored
hugetlbfs_i_mmap_mutex_key is only used in inode.c Signed-off-by:
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Jianyu Zhan authored
Currently, we use (zone->managed_pages + KSWAPD_ZONE_BALANCE_GAP_RATIO-1) / KSWAPD_ZONE_BALANCE_GAP_RATIO to avoid a zero gap value. It's better to use DIV_ROUND_UP macro for neater code and clear meaning. Besides, the gap value is calculated against the per-zone "managed pages", not "present pages". This patch also corrects the comment and do some rephrasing. Signed-off-by:
Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Andy Shevchenko authored
mmdebug.h is included twice. Signed-off-by:
Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Jianyu Zhan authored
alloc_huge_page() now mixes normal code path with error handle logic. This patches move out the error handle logic, to make normal code path more clean and redue code duplicate. Signed-off-by:
Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Reviewed-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Reviewed-by:
Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by:
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Naoya Horiguchi authored
The comment about pages under writeback is far from the relevant code, so let's move it to the right place. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
If a page is marked for immediate reclaim then it is moved to the tail of the LRU list. This occurs when the system is under enough memory pressure for pages under writeback to reach the end of the LRU but we test for this using atomic operations on every writeback. This patch uses an optimistic non-atomic test first. It'll miss some pages in rare cases but the consequences are not severe enough to warrant such a penalty. While the function does not dominate profiles during a simple dd test the cost of it is reduced. 73048 0.7428 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc5-mmotm-20140513 end_page_writeback 23740 0.2409 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc5-lessatomic end_page_writeback Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
There is no need to calculate zone_idx(preferred_zone) multiple times or use the pgdat to figure it out. Signed-off-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
aops->write_begin may allocate a new page and make it visible only to have mark_page_accessed called almost immediately after. Once the page is visible the atomic operations are necessary which is noticable overhead when writing to an in-memory filesystem like tmpfs but should also be noticable with fast storage. The objective of the patch is to initialse the accessed information with non-atomic operations before the page is visible. The bulk of filesystems directly or indirectly use grab_cache_page_write_begin or find_or_create_page for the initial allocation of a page cache page. This patch adds an init_page_accessed() helper which behaves like the first call to mark_page_accessed() but may called before the page is visible and can be done non-atomically. The primary APIs of concern in this care are the following and are used by most filesystems. find_get_page find_lock_page find_or_create_page grab_cache_page_nowait grab_cache_page_write_begin All of them are very similar in detail to the patch creates a core helper pagecache_get_page() which takes a flags parameter that affects its behavior such as whether the page should be marked accessed or not. Then old API is preserved but is basically a thin wrapper around this core function. Each of the filesystems are then updated to avoid calling mark_page_accessed when it is known that the VM interfaces have already done the job. There is a slight snag in that the timing of the mark_page_accessed() has now changed so in rare cases it's possible a page gets to the end of the LRU as PageReferenced where as previously it might have been repromoted. This is expected to be rare but it's worth the filesystem people thinking about it in case they see a problem with the timing change. It is also the case that some filesystems may be marking pages accessed that previously did not but it makes sense that filesystems have consistent behaviour in this regard. The test case used to evaulate this is a simple dd of a large file done multiple times with the file deleted on each iterations. The size of the file is 1/10th physical memory to avoid dirty page balancing. In the async case it will be possible that the workload completes without even hitting the disk and will have variable results but highlight the impact of mark_page_accessed for async IO. The sync results are expected to be more stable. The exception is tmpfs where the normal case is for the "IO" to not hit the disk. The test machine was single socket and UMA to avoid any scheduling or NUMA artifacts. Throughput and wall times are presented for sync IO, only wall times are shown for async as the granularity reported by dd and the variability is unsuitable for comparison. As async results were variable do to writback timings, I'm only reporting the maximum figures. The sync results were stable enough to make the mean and stddev uninteresting. The performance results are reported based on a run with no profiling. Profile data is based on a separate run with oprofile running. async dd 3.15.0-rc3 3.15.0-rc3 vanilla accessed-v2 ext3 Max elapsed 13.9900 ( 0.00%) 11.5900 ( 17.16%) tmpfs Max elapsed 0.5100 ( 0.00%) 0.4900 ( 3.92%) btrfs Max elapsed 12.8100 ( 0.00%) 12.7800 ( 0.23%) ext4 Max elapsed 18.6000 ( 0.00%) 13.3400 ( 28.28%) xfs Max elapsed 12.5600 ( 0.00%) 2.0900 ( 83.36%) The XFS figure is a bit strange as it managed to avoid a worst case by sheer luck but the average figures looked reasonable. samples percentage ext3 86107 0.9783 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-vanilla mark_page_accessed ext3 23833 0.2710 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 mark_page_accessed ext3 5036 0.0573 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 init_page_accessed ext4 64566 0.8961 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-vanilla mark_page_accessed ext4 5322 0.0713 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 mark_page_accessed ext4 2869 0.0384 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 init_page_accessed xfs 62126 1.7675 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-vanilla mark_page_accessed xfs 1904 0.0554 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 init_page_accessed xfs 103 0.0030 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 mark_page_accessed btrfs 10655 0.1338 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-vanilla mark_page_accessed btrfs 2020 0.0273 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 init_page_accessed btrfs 587 0.0079 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 mark_page_accessed tmpfs 59562 3.2628 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-vanilla mark_page_accessed tmpfs 1210 0.0696 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 init_page_accessed tmpfs 94 0.0054 vmlinux-3.15.0-rc4-accessed-v3r25 mark_page_accessed [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't run init_page_accessed() against an uninitialised pointer] Signed-off-by:Prabhakar Lad <prabhakar.csengg@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Discarding buffers uses a bunch of atomic operations when discarding buffers because ...... I can't think of a reason. Use a cmpxchg loop to clear all the necessary flags. In most (all?) cases this will be a single atomic operations. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: move BUFFER_FLAGS_DISCARD into the .c file] Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
When adding pages to the LRU we clear the active bit unconditionally. As the page could be reachable from other paths we cannot use unlocked operations without risk of corruption such as a parallel mark_page_accessed. This patch tests if is necessary to clear the active flag before using an atomic operation. This potentially opens a tiny race when PageActive is checked as mark_page_accessed could be called after PageActive was checked. The race already exists but this patch changes it slightly. The consequence is that that the page may be promoted to the active list that might have been left on the inactive list before the patch. It's too tiny a race and too marginal a consequence to always use atomic operations for. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
There should be no references to it any more and a parallel mark should not be reordered against us. Use non-locked varient to clear page active. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
shmem_getpage_gfp uses an atomic operation to set the SwapBacked field before it's even added to the LRU or visible. This is unnecessary as what could it possible race against? Use an unlocked variant. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
cold is a bool, make it one. Make the likely case the "if" part of the block instead of the else as according to the optimisation manual this is preferred. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
X86 prefers the use of unsigned types for iterators and there is a tendency to mix whether a signed or unsigned type if used for page order. This converts a number of sites in mm/page_alloc.c to use unsigned int for order where possible. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
get_pageblock_migratetype() is called during free with IRQs disabled. This is unnecessary and disables IRQs for longer than necessary. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
In the free path we calculate page_to_pfn multiple times. Reduce that. Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
The test_bit operations in get/set pageblock flags are expensive. This patch reads the bitmap on a word basis and use shifts and masks to isolate the bits of interest. Similarly masks are used to set a local copy of the bitmap and then use cmpxchg to update the bitmap if there have been no other changes made in parallel. In a test running dd onto tmpfs the overhead of the pageblock-related functions went from 1.27% in profiles to 0.5%. In addition to the performance benefits, this patch closes races that are possible between: a) get_ and set_pageblock_migratetype(), where get_pageblock_migratetype() reads part of the bits before and other part of the bits after set_pageblock_migratetype() has updated them. b) set_pageblock_migratetype() and set_pageblock_skip(), where the non-atomic read-modify-update set bit operation in set_pageblock_skip() will cause lost updates to some bits changed in the set_pageblock_migratetype(). Joonsoo Kim first reported the case a) via code inspection. Vlastimil Babka's testing with a debug patch showed that either a) or b) occurs roughly once per mmtests' stress-highalloc benchmark (although not necessarily in the same pageblock). Furthermore during development of unrelated compaction patches, it was observed that frequent calls to {start,undo}_isolate_page_range() the race occurs several thousands of times and has resulted in NULL pointer dereferences in move_freepages() and free_one_page() in places where free_list[migratetype] is manipulated by e.g. list_move(). Further debugging confirmed that migratetype had invalid value of 6, causing out of bounds access to the free_list array. That confirmed that the race exist, although it may be extremely rare, and currently only fatal where page isolation is performed due to memory hot remove. Races on pageblocks being updated by set_pageblock_migratetype(), where both old and new migratetype are lower MIGRATE_RESERVE, currently cannot result in an invalid value being observed, although theoretically they may still lead to unexpected creation or destruction of MIGRATE_RESERVE pageblocks. Furthermore, things could get suddenly worse when memory isolation is used more, or when new migratetypes are added. After this patch, the race has no longer been observed in testing. Signed-off-by: -
Mel Gorman authored
ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK is set in a few cases. Always by kswapd, always for __GFP_MEMALLOC, sometimes for swap-over-nfs, tasks etc. Each of these cases are relatively rare events but the ALLOC_NO_WATERMARK check is an unlikely branch in the fast path. This patch moves the check out of the fast path and after it has been determined that the watermarks have not been met. This helps the common fast path at the cost of making the slow path slower and hitting kswapd with a performance cost. It's a reasonable tradeoff. Signed-off-by:
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