- 25 Mar, 2022 40 commits
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Linus Torvalds authored
Merge tag 'kbuild-gnu11-v5.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild Pull Kbuild update for C11 language base from Masahiro Yamada: "Kbuild -std=gnu11 updates for v5.18 Linus pointed out the benefits of C99 some years ago, especially variable declarations in loops [1]. At that time, we were not ready for the migration due to old compilers. Recently, Jakob Koschel reported a bug in list_for_each_entry(), which leaks the invalid pointer out of the loop [2]. In the discussion, we agreed that the time had come. Now that GCC 5.1 is the minimum compiler version, there is nothing to prevent us from going to -std=gnu99, or even straight to -std=gnu11. Discussions for a better list iterator implementation are ongoing, but this patch set must land first" [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wgr12JkKmRd21qh-se-_Gs69kbPgR9x4C+Es-yJV2GLkA@mail.gmail.com/ [2] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/86C4CE7D-6D93-456B-AA82-F8ADEACA40B7@gmail.com/ * tag 'kbuild-gnu11-v5.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild: Kbuild: use -std=gnu11 for KBUILD_USERCFLAGS Kbuild: move to -std=gnu11 Kbuild: use -Wdeclaration-after-statement Kbuild: add -Wno-shift-negative-value where -Wextra is used
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Linus Torvalds authored
Merge yet more updates from Andrew Morton: "This is the material which was staged after willystuff in linux-next. Subsystems affected by this patch series: mm (debug, selftests, pagecache, thp, rmap, migration, kasan, hugetlb, pagemap, madvise), and selftests" * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (113 commits) selftests: kselftest framework: provide "finished" helper mm: madvise: MADV_DONTNEED_LOCKED mm: fix race between MADV_FREE reclaim and blkdev direct IO read mm: generalize ARCH_HAS_FILTER_PGPROT mm: unmap_mapping_range_tree() with i_mmap_rwsem shared mm: warn on deleting redirtied only if accounted mm/huge_memory: remove stale locking logic from __split_huge_pmd() mm/huge_memory: remove stale page_trans_huge_mapcount() mm/swapfile: remove stale reuse_swap_page() mm/khugepaged: remove reuse_swap_page() usage mm/huge_memory: streamline COW logic in do_huge_pmd_wp_page() mm: streamline COW logic in do_swap_page() mm: slightly clarify KSM logic in do_swap_page() mm: optimize do_wp_page() for fresh pages in local LRU pagevecs mm: optimize do_wp_page() for exclusive pages in the swapcache mm/huge_memory: make is_transparent_hugepage() static userfaultfd/selftests: enable hugetlb remap and remove event testing selftests/vm: add hugetlb madvise MADV_DONTNEED MADV_REMOVE test mm: enable MADV_DONTNEED for hugetlb mappings kasan: disable LOCKDEP when printing reports ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull RISC-V updates from Palmer Dabbelt: - Support for Sv57-based virtual memory. - Various improvements for the MicroChip PolarFire SOC and the associated Icicle dev board, which should allow upstream kernels to boot without any additional modifications. - An improved memmove() implementation. - Support for the new Ssconfpmf and SBI PMU extensions, which allows for a much more useful perf implementation on RISC-V systems. - Support for restartable sequences. * tag 'riscv-for-linus-5.18-mw0' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/riscv/linux: (36 commits) rseq/selftests: Add support for RISC-V RISC-V: Add support for restartable sequence MAINTAINERS: Add entry for RISC-V PMU drivers Documentation: riscv: Remove the old documentation RISC-V: Add sscofpmf extension support RISC-V: Add perf platform driver based on SBI PMU extension RISC-V: Add RISC-V SBI PMU extension definitions RISC-V: Add a simple platform driver for RISC-V legacy perf RISC-V: Add a perf core library for pmu drivers RISC-V: Add CSR encodings for all HPMCOUNTERS RISC-V: Remove the current perf implementation RISC-V: Improve /proc/cpuinfo output for ISA extensions RISC-V: Do no continue isa string parsing without correct XLEN RISC-V: Implement multi-letter ISA extension probing framework RISC-V: Extract multi-letter extension names from "riscv, isa" RISC-V: Minimal parser for "riscv, isa" strings RISC-V: Correctly print supported extensions riscv: Fixed misaligned memory access. Fixed pointer comparison. MAINTAINERS: update riscv/microchip entry riscv: dts: microchip: add new peripherals to icicle kit device tree ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull s390 updates from Vasily Gorbik: - Raise minimum supported machine generation to z10, which comes with various cleanups and code simplifications (usercopy/spectre mitigation/etc). - Rework extables and get rid of anonymous out-of-line fixups. - Page table helpers cleanup. Add set_pXd()/set_pte() helper functions. Covert pte_val()/pXd_val() macros to functions. - Optimize kretprobe handling by avoiding extra kprobe on __kretprobe_trampoline. - Add support for CEX8 crypto cards. - Allow to trigger AP bus rescan via writing to /sys/bus/ap/scans. - Add CONFIG_EXPOLINE_EXTERN option to build the kernel without COMDAT group sections which simplifies kpatch support. - Always use the packed stack layout and extend kernel unwinder tests. - Add sanity checks for ftrace code patching. - Add s390dbf debug log for the vfio_ap device driver. - Various virtual vs physical address confusion fixes. - Various small fixes and improvements all over the code. * tag 's390-5.18-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/s390/linux: (69 commits) s390/test_unwind: add kretprobe tests s390/kprobes: Avoid additional kprobe in kretprobe handling s390: convert ".insn" encoding to instruction names s390: assume stckf is always present s390/nospec: move to single register thunks s390: raise minimum supported machine generation to z10 s390/uaccess: Add copy_from/to_user_key functions s390/nospec: align and size extern thunks s390/nospec: add an option to use thunk-extern s390/nospec: generate single register thunks if possible s390/pci: make zpci_set_irq()/zpci_clear_irq() static s390: remove unused expoline to BC instructions s390/irq: use assignment instead of cast s390/traps: get rid of magic cast for per code s390/traps: get rid of magic cast for program interruption code s390/signal: fix typo in comments s390/asm-offsets: remove unused defines s390/test_unwind: avoid build warning with W=1 s390: remove .fixup section s390/bpf: encode register within extable entry ...
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https://github.com/jcmvbkbc/linux-xtensaLinus Torvalds authored
Pull Xtensa updates from Max Filippov: - remove dependency on the compiler's libgcc - allow selection of internal kernel ABI via Kconfig - enable compiler plugins support for gcc-12 or newer - various minor cleanups and fixes * tag 'xtensa-20220325' of https://github.com/jcmvbkbc/linux-xtensa: xtensa: define update_mmu_tlb function xtensa: fix xtensa_wsr always writing 0 xtensa: enable plugin support xtensa: clean up kernel exit assembly code xtensa: rearrange NMI exit path xtensa: merge stack alignment definitions xtensa: fix DTC warning unit_address_format xtensa: fix stop_machine_cpuslocked call in patch_text xtensa: make secondary reset vector support conditional xtensa: add kernel ABI selection to Kconfig xtensa: don't link with libgcc xtensa: add helpers for division, remainder and shifts xtensa: add missing XCHAL_HAVE_WINDOWED check xtensa: use XCHAL_NUM_AREGS as pt_regs::areg size xtensa: rename PT_SIZE to PT_KERNEL_SIZE xtensa: Remove unused early_read_config_byte() et al declarations xtensa: use strscpy to copy strings net: xtensa: use strscpy to copy strings
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull powerpc updates from Michael Ellerman: "Livepatch support for 32-bit is probably the standout new feature, otherwise mostly just lots of bits and pieces all over the board. There's a series of commits cleaning up function descriptor handling, which touches a few other arches as well as LKDTM. It has acks from Arnd, Kees and Helge. Summary: - Enforce kernel RO, and implement STRICT_MODULE_RWX for 603. - Add support for livepatch to 32-bit. - Implement CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_WITH_ARGS. - Merge vdso64 and vdso32 into a single directory. - Fix build errors with newer binutils. - Add support for UADDR64 relocations, which are emitted by some toolchains. This allows powerpc to build with the latest lld. - Fix (another) potential userspace r13 corruption in transactional memory handling. - Cleanups of function descriptor handling & related fixes to LKDTM. Thanks to Abdul Haleem, Alexey Kardashevskiy, Anders Roxell, Aneesh Kumar K.V, Anton Blanchard, Arnd Bergmann, Athira Rajeev, Bhaskar Chowdhury, Cédric Le Goater, Chen Jingwen, Christophe JAILLET, Christophe Leroy, Corentin Labbe, Daniel Axtens, Daniel Henrique Barboza, David Dai, Fabiano Rosas, Ganesh Goudar, Guo Zhengkui, Hangyu Hua, Haren Myneni, Hari Bathini, Igor Zhbanov, Jakob Koschel, Jason Wang, Jeremy Kerr, Joachim Wiberg, Jordan Niethe, Julia Lawall, Kajol Jain, Kees Cook, Laurent Dufour, Madhavan Srinivasan, Mamatha Inamdar, Maxime Bizon, Maxim Kiselev, Maxim Kochetkov, Michal Suchanek, Nageswara R Sastry, Nathan Lynch, Naveen N. Rao, Nicholas Piggin, Nour-eddine Taleb, Paul Menzel, Ping Fang, Pratik R. Sampat, Randy Dunlap, Ritesh Harjani, Rohan McLure, Russell Currey, Sachin Sant, Segher Boessenkool, Shivaprasad G Bhat, Sourabh Jain, Thierry Reding, Tobias Waldekranz, Tyrel Datwyler, Vaibhav Jain, Vladimir Oltean, Wedson Almeida Filho, and YueHaibing" * tag 'powerpc-5.18-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux: (179 commits) powerpc/pseries: Fix use after free in remove_phb_dynamic() powerpc/time: improve decrementer clockevent processing powerpc/time: Fix KVM host re-arming a timer beyond decrementer range powerpc/tm: Fix more userspace r13 corruption powerpc/xive: fix return value of __setup handler powerpc/64: Add UADDR64 relocation support powerpc: 8xx: fix a return value error in mpc8xx_pic_init powerpc/ps3: remove unneeded semicolons powerpc/64: Force inlining of prevent_user_access() and set_kuap() powerpc/bitops: Force inlining of fls() powerpc: declare unmodified attribute_group usages const powerpc/spufs: Fix build warning when CONFIG_PROC_FS=n powerpc/secvar: fix refcount leak in format_show() powerpc/64e: Tie PPC_BOOK3E_64 to PPC_FSL_BOOK3E powerpc: Move C prototypes out of asm-prototypes.h powerpc/kexec: Declare kexec_paca static powerpc/smp: Declare current_set static powerpc: Cleanup asm-prototypes.c powerpc/ftrace: Use STK_GOT in ftrace_mprofile.S powerpc/ftrace: Regroup PPC64 specific operations in ftrace_mprofile.S ... -
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mips/linuxLinus Torvalds authored
Pull MIPS updates from Thomas Bogendoerfer: - added support for QCN550x (ath79) - enabled KCSAN - removed TX39XX support - various cleanups and fixes * tag 'mips_5.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mips/linux: (31 commits) MIPS: Fix build error for loongson64 and sgi-ip27 MIPS: ingenic: correct unit node address MIPS: Fix wrong comments in asm/prom.h MIPS: Remove redundant definitions of device_tree_init() MIPS: Remove redundant check in device_tree_init() MIPS: pgalloc: fix memory leak caused by pgd_free() MIPS: RB532: fix return value of __setup handler MIPS: Only use current_stack_pointer on GCC MIPS: boot/compressed: Use array reference for image bounds mips: cdmm: Fix refcount leak in mips_cdmm_phys_base mips: remove reference to "newer Loongson-3" mips: Always permit to build u-boot images MIPS: Sanitise Cavium switch cases in TLB handler synthesizers DEC: Limit PMAX memory probing to R3k systems mips: DEC: honor CONFIG_MIPS_FP_SUPPORT=n MIPS: fix fortify panic when copying asm exception handlers mips: ralink: fix a refcount leak in ill_acc_of_setup() mips: Implement "current_stack_pointer" MIPS: Remove TX39XX support MIPS: Modernize READ_IMPLIES_EXEC ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/joro/iommuLinus Torvalds authored
Pull iommu updates from Joerg Roedel: - IOMMU Core changes: - Removal of aux domain related code as it is basically dead and will be replaced by iommu-fd framework - Split of iommu_ops to carry domain-specific call-backs separatly - Cleanup to remove useless ops->capable implementations - Improve 32-bit free space estimate in iova allocator - Intel VT-d updates: - Various cleanups of the driver - Support for ATS of SoC-integrated devices listed in ACPI/SATC table - ARM SMMU updates: - Fix SMMUv3 soft lockup during continuous stream of events - Fix error path for Qualcomm SMMU probe() - Rework SMMU IRQ setup to prepare the ground for PMU support - Minor cleanups and refactoring - AMD IOMMU driver: - Some minor cleanups and error-handling fixes - Rockchip IOMMU driver: - Use standard driver registration - MSM IOMMU driver: - Minor cleanup and change to standard driver registration - Mediatek IOMMU driver: - Fixes for IOTLB flushing logic * tag 'iommu-updates-v5.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/joro/iommu: (47 commits) iommu/amd: Improve amd_iommu_v2_exit() iommu/amd: Remove unused struct fault.devid iommu/amd: Clean up function declarations iommu/amd: Call memunmap in error path iommu/arm-smmu: Account for PMU interrupts iommu/vt-d: Enable ATS for the devices in SATC table iommu/vt-d: Remove unused function intel_svm_capable() iommu/vt-d: Add missing "__init" for rmrr_sanity_check() iommu/vt-d: Move intel_iommu_ops to header file iommu/vt-d: Fix indentation of goto labels iommu/vt-d: Remove unnecessary prototypes iommu/vt-d: Remove unnecessary includes iommu/vt-d: Remove DEFER_DEVICE_DOMAIN_INFO iommu/vt-d: Remove domain and devinfo mempool iommu/vt-d: Remove iova_cache_get/put() iommu/vt-d: Remove finding domain in dmar_insert_one_dev_info() iommu/vt-d: Remove intel_iommu::domains iommu/mediatek: Always tlb_flush_all when each PM resume iommu/mediatek: Add tlb_lock in tlb_flush_all iommu/mediatek: Remove the power status checking in tlb flush all ... -
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsiLinus Torvalds authored
Pull SCSI updates from James Bottomley: "This series consists of the usual driver updates (qla2xxx, pm8001, libsas, smartpqi, scsi_debug, lpfc, iscsi, mpi3mr) plus minor updates and bug fixes. The high blast radius core update is the removal of write same, which affects block and several non-SCSI devices. The other big change, which is more local, is the removal of the SCSI pointer" * tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi: (281 commits) scsi: scsi_ioctl: Drop needless assignment in sg_io() scsi: bsg: Drop needless assignment in scsi_bsg_sg_io_fn() scsi: lpfc: Copyright updates for 14.2.0.0 patches scsi: lpfc: Update lpfc version to 14.2.0.0 scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor BSG paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor Abort paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor SCSI paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor CT paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor misc ELS paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor VMID paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor FDISC paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor LS_RJT paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor LS_ACC paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor the RSCN/SCR/RDF/EDC/FARPR paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor PLOGI/PRLI/ADISC/LOGO paths scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor base ELS paths and the FLOGI path scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Introduce lpfc_prep_wqe scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor fast and slow paths to native SLI4 scsi: lpfc: SLI path split: Refactor lpfc_iocbq scsi: lpfc: Use kcalloc() ...
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Linus Torvalds authored
Merge tag 'for-5.18/dm-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm Pull device mapper updates from Mike Snitzer: - Significant refactoring and fixing of how DM core does bio-based IO accounting with focus on fixing wildly inaccurate IO stats for dm-crypt (and other DM targets that defer bio submission in their own workqueues). End result is proper IO accounting, made possible by targets being updated to use the new dm_submit_bio_remap() interface. - Add hipri bio polling support (REQ_POLLED) to bio-based DM. - Reduce dm_io and dm_target_io structs so that a single dm_io (which contains dm_target_io and first clone bio) weighs in at 256 bytes. For reference the bio struct is 128 bytes. - Various other small cleanups, fixes or improvements in DM core and targets. - Update MAINTAINERS with my kernel.org email address to allow distinction between my "upstream" and "Red" Hats. * tag 'for-5.18/dm-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm: (46 commits) dm: consolidate spinlocks in dm_io struct dm: reduce size of dm_io and dm_target_io structs dm: switch dm_target_io booleans over to proper flags dm: switch dm_io booleans over to proper flags dm: update email address in MAINTAINERS dm: return void from __send_empty_flush dm: factor out dm_io_complete dm cache: use dm_submit_bio_remap dm: simplify dm_sumbit_bio_remap interface dm thin: use dm_submit_bio_remap dm: add WARN_ON_ONCE to dm_submit_bio_remap dm: support bio polling block: add ->poll_bio to block_device_operations dm mpath: use DMINFO instead of printk with KERN_INFO dm: stop using bdevname dm-zoned: remove the ->name field in struct dmz_dev dm: remove unnecessary local variables in __bind dm: requeue IO if mapping table not yet available dm io: remove stale comment block for dm_io() dm thin metadata: remove unused dm_thin_remove_block and __remove ...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdmaLinus Torvalds authored
Pull rdma updates from Jason Gunthorpe: - Minor bug fixes in mlx5, mthca, pvrdma, rtrs, mlx4, hfi1, hns - Minor cleanups: coding style, useless includes and documentation - Reorganize how multicast processing works in rxe - Replace a red/black tree with xarray in rxe which improves performance - DSCP support and HW address handle re-use in irdma - Simplify the mailbox command handling in hns - Simplify iser now that FMR is eliminated * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rdma/rdma: (93 commits) RDMA/nldev: Prevent underflow in nldev_stat_set_counter_dynamic_doit() IB/iser: Fix error flow in case of registration failure IB/iser: Generalize map/unmap dma tasks IB/iser: Use iser_fr_desc as registration context IB/iser: Remove iser_reg_data_sg helper function RDMA/rxe: Use standard names for ref counting RDMA/rxe: Replace red-black trees by xarrays RDMA/rxe: Shorten pool names in rxe_pool.c RDMA/rxe: Move max_elem into rxe_type_info RDMA/rxe: Replace obj by elem in declaration RDMA/rxe: Delete _locked() APIs for pool objects RDMA/rxe: Reverse the sense of RXE_POOL_NO_ALLOC RDMA/rxe: Replace mr by rkey in responder resources RDMA/rxe: Fix ref error in rxe_av.c RDMA/hns: Use the reserved loopback QPs to free MR before destroying MPT RDMA/irdma: Add support for address handle re-use RDMA/qib: Fix typos in comments RDMA/mlx5: Fix memory leak in error flow for subscribe event routine Revert "RDMA/core: Fix ib_qp_usecnt_dec() called when error" RDMA/rxe: Remove useless argument for update_state() ...
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Kees Cook authored
Instead of having each time that wants to use ksft_exit() have to figure out the internals of kselftest.h, add the helper ksft_finished() that makes sure the passes, xfails, and skips are equal to the test plan count. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220201013717.2464392-1-keescook@chromium.orgSigned-off-by:
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Johannes Weiner authored
MADV_DONTNEED historically rejects mlocked ranges, but with MLOCK_ONFAULT and MCL_ONFAULT allowing to mlock without populating, there are valid use cases for depopulating locked ranges as well. Users mlock memory to protect secrets. There are allocators for secure buffers that want in-use memory generally mlocked, but cleared and invalidated memory to give up the physical pages. This could be done with explicit munlock -> mlock calls on free -> alloc of course, but that adds two unnecessary syscalls, heavy mmap_sem write locks, vma splits and re-merges - only to get rid of the backing pages. Users also mlockall(MCL_ONFAULT) to suppress sustained paging, but are okay with on-demand initial population. It seems valid to selectively free some memory during the lifetime of such a process, without having to mess with its overall policy. Why add a separate flag? Isn't this a pretty niche usecase? - MADV_DONTNEED has been bailing on locked vmas forever. It's at least conceivable that someone, somewhere is relying on mlock to protect data from perhaps broader invalidation calls. Changing this behavior now could lead to quiet data corruption. - It also clarifies expectations around MADV_FREE and maybe MADV_REMOVE. It avoids the situation where one quietly behaves different than the others. MADV_FREE_LOCKED can be added later. - The combination of mlock() and madvise() in the first place is probably niche. But where it happens, I'd say that dropping pages from a locked region once they don't contain secrets or won't page anymore is much saner than relying on mlock to protect memory from speculative or errant invalidation calls. It's just that we can't change the default behavior because of the two previous points. Given that, an explicit new flag seems to make the most sense. [hannes@cmpxchg.org: fix mips build] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220304171912.305060-1-hannes@cmpxchg.orgSigned-off-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Reviewed-by:
Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Reviewed-by:
Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Acked-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mauricio Faria de Oliveira authored
Problem: ======= Userspace might read the zero-page instead of actual data from a direct IO read on a block device if the buffers have been called madvise(MADV_FREE) on earlier (this is discussed below) due to a race between page reclaim on MADV_FREE and blkdev direct IO read. - Race condition: ============== During page reclaim, the MADV_FREE page check in try_to_unmap_one() checks if the page is not dirty, then discards its rmap PTE(s) (vs. remap back if the page is dirty). However, after try_to_unmap_one() returns to shrink_page_list(), it might keep the page _anyway_ if page_ref_freeze() fails (it expects exactly _one_ page reference, from the isolation for page reclaim). Well, blkdev_direct_IO() gets references for all pages, and on READ operations it only sets them dirty _later_. So, if MADV_FREE'd pages (i.e., not dirty) are used as buffers for direct IO read from block devices, and page reclaim happens during __blkdev_direct_IO[_simple]() exactly AFTER bio_iov_iter_get_pages() returns, but BEFORE the pages are set dirty, the situation happens. The direct IO read eventually completes. Now, when userspace reads the buffers, the PTE is no longer there and the page fault handler do_anonymous_page() services that with the zero-page, NOT the data! A synthetic reproducer is provided. - Page faults: =========== If page reclaim happens BEFORE bio_iov_iter_get_pages() the issue doesn't happen, because that faults-in all pages as writeable, so do_anonymous_page() sets up a new page/rmap/PTE, and that is used by direct IO. The userspace reads don't fault as the PTE is there (thus zero-page is not used/setup). But if page reclaim happens AFTER it / BEFORE setting pages dirty, the PTE is no longer there; the subsequent page faults can't help: The data-read from the block device probably won't generate faults due to DMA (no MMU) but even in the case it wouldn't use DMA, that happens on different virtual addresses (not user-mapped addresses) because `struct bio_vec` stores `struct page` to figure addresses out (which are different from user-mapped addresses) for the read. Thus userspace reads (to user-mapped addresses) still fault, then do_anonymous_page() gets another `struct page` that would address/ map to other memory than the `struct page` used by `struct bio_vec` for the read. (The original `struct page` is not available, since it wasn't freed, as page_ref_freeze() failed due to more page refs. And even if it were available, its data cannot be trusted anymore.) Solution: ======== One solution is to check for the expected page reference count in try_to_unmap_one(). There should be one reference from the isolation (that is also checked in shrink_page_list() with page_ref_freeze()) plus one or more references from page mapping(s) (put in discard: label). Further references mean that rmap/PTE cannot be unmapped/nuked. (Note: there might be more than one reference from mapping due to fork()/clone() without CLONE_VM, which use the same `struct page` for references, until the copy-on-write page gets copied.) So, additional page references (e.g., from direct IO read) now prevent the rmap/PTE from being unmapped/dropped; similarly to the page is not freed per shrink_page_list()/page_ref_freeze()). - Races and Barriers: ================== The new check in try_to_unmap_one() should be safe in races with bio_iov_iter_get_pages() in get_user_pages() fast and slow paths, as it's done under the PTE lock. The fast path doesn't take the lock, but it checks if the PTE has changed and if so, it drops the reference and leaves the page for the slow path (which does take that lock). The fast path requires synchronization w/ full memory barrier: it writes the page reference count first then it reads the PTE later, while try_to_unmap() writes PTE first then it reads page refcount. And a second barrier is needed, as the page dirty flag should not be read before the page reference count (as in __remove_mapping()). (This can be a load memory barrier only; no writes are involved.) Call stack/comments: - try_to_unmap_one() - page_vma_mapped_walk() - map_pte() # see pte_offset_map_lock(): pte_offset_map() spin_lock() - ptep_get_and_clear() # write PTE - smp_mb() # (new barrier) GUP fast path - page_ref_count() # (new check) read refcount - page_vma_mapped_walk_done() # see pte_unmap_unlock(): pte_unmap() spin_unlock() - bio_iov_iter_get_pages() - __bio_iov_iter_get_pages() - iov_iter_get_pages() - get_user_pages_fast() - internal_get_user_pages_fast() # fast path - lockless_pages_from_mm() - gup_{pgd,p4d,pud,pmd,pte}_range() ptep = pte_offset_map() # not _lock() pte = ptep_get_lockless(ptep) page = pte_page(pte) try_grab_compound_head(page) # inc refcount # (RMW/barrier # on success) if (pte_val(pte) != pte_val(*ptep)) # read PTE put_compound_head(page) # dec refcount # go slow path # slow path - __gup_longterm_unlocked() - get_user_pages_unlocked() - __get_user_pages_locked() - __get_user_pages() - follow_{page,p4d,pud,pmd}_mask() - follow_page_pte() ptep = pte_offset_map_lock() pte = *ptep page = vm_normal_page(pte) try_grab_page(page) # inc refcount pte_unmap_unlock() - Huge Pages: ========== Regarding transparent hugepages, that logic shouldn't change, as MADV_FREE (aka lazyfree) pages are PageAnon() && !PageSwapBacked() (madvise_free_pte_range() -> mark_page_lazyfree() -> lru_lazyfree_fn()) thus should reach shrink_page_list() -> split_huge_page_to_list() before try_to_unmap[_one](), so it deals with normal pages only. (And in case unlikely/TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD/split_huge_pmd_address() happens, which should not or be rare, the page refcount should be greater than mapcount: the head page is referenced by tail pages. That also prevents checking the head `page` then incorrectly call page_remove_rmap(subpage) for a tail page, that isn't even in the shrink_page_list()'s page_list (an effect of split huge pmd/pmvw), as it might happen today in this unlikely scenario.) MADV_FREE'd buffers: =================== So, back to the "if MADV_FREE pages are used as buffers" note. The case is arguable, and subject to multiple interpretations. The madvise(2) manual page on the MADV_FREE advice value says: 1) 'After a successful MADV_FREE ... data will be lost when the kernel frees the pages.' 2) 'the free operation will be canceled if the caller writes into the page' / 'subsequent writes ... will succeed and then [the] kernel cannot free those dirtied pages' 3) 'If there is no subsequent write, the kernel can free the pages at any time.' Thoughts, questions, considerations... respectively: 1) Since the kernel didn't actually free the page (page_ref_freeze() failed), should the data not have been lost? (on userspace read.) 2) Should writes performed by the direct IO read be able to cancel the free operation? - Should the direct IO read be considered as 'the caller' too, as it's been requested by 'the caller'? - Should the bio technique to dirty pages on return to userspace (bio_check_pages_dirty() is called/used by __blkdev_direct_IO()) be considered in another/special way here? 3) Should an upcoming write from a previously requested direct IO read be considered as a subsequent write, so the kernel should not free the pages? (as it's known at the time of page reclaim.) And lastly: Technically, the last point would seem a reasonable consideration and balance, as the madvise(2) manual page apparently (and fairly) seem to assume that 'writes' are memory access from the userspace process (not explicitly considering writes from the kernel or its corner cases; again, fairly).. plus the kernel fix implementation for the corner case of the largely 'non-atomic write' encompassed by a direct IO read operation, is relatively simple; and it helps. Reproducer: ========== @ test.c (simplified, but works) #define _GNU_SOURCE #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/mman.h> int main() { int fd, i; char *buf; fd = open(DEV, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECT); buf = mmap(NULL, BUF_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); for (i = 0; i < BUF_SIZE; i += PAGE_SIZE) buf[i] = 1; // init to non-zero madvise(buf, BUF_SIZE, MADV_FREE); read(fd, buf, BUF_SIZE); for (i = 0; i < BUF_SIZE; i += PAGE_SIZE) printf("%p: 0x%x\n", &buf[i], buf[i]); return 0; } @ block/fops.c (formerly fs/block_dev.c) +#include <linux/swap.h> ... ... __blkdev_direct_IO[_simple](...) { ... + if (!strcmp(current->comm, "good")) + shrink_all_memory(ULONG_MAX); + ret = bio_iov_iter_get_pages(...); + + if (!strcmp(current->comm, "bad")) + shrink_all_memory(ULONG_MAX); ... } @ shell # NUM_PAGES=4 # PAGE_SIZE=$(getconf PAGE_SIZE) # yes | dd of=test.img bs=${PAGE_SIZE} count=${NUM_PAGES} # DEV=$(losetup -f --show test.img) # gcc -DDEV=\"$DEV\" \ -DBUF_SIZE=$((PAGE_SIZE * NUM_PAGES)) \ -DPAGE_SIZE=${PAGE_SIZE} \ test.c -o test # od -tx1 $DEV 0000000 79 0a 79 0a 79 0a 79 0a 79 0a 79 0a 79 0a 79 0a * 0040000 # mv test good # ./good 0x7f7c10418000: 0x79 0x7f7c10419000: 0x79 0x7f7c1041a000: 0x79 0x7f7c1041b000: 0x79 # mv good bad # ./bad 0x7fa1b8050000: 0x0 0x7fa1b8051000: 0x0 0x7fa1b8052000: 0x0 0x7fa1b8053000: 0x0 Note: the issue is consistent on v5.17-rc3, but it's intermittent with the support of MADV_FREE on v4.5 (60%-70% error; needs swap). [wrap do_direct_IO() in do_blockdev_direct_IO() @ fs/direct-io.c]. - v5.17-rc3: # for i in {1..1000}; do ./good; done \ | cut -d: -f2 | sort | uniq -c 4000 0x79 # mv good bad # for i in {1..1000}; do ./bad; done \ | cut -d: -f2 | sort | uniq -c 4000 0x0 # free | grep Swap Swap: 0 0 0 - v4.5: # for i in {1..1000}; do ./good; done \ | cut -d: -f2 | sort | uniq -c 4000 0x79 # mv good bad # for i in {1..1000}; do ./bad; done \ | cut -d: -f2 | sort | uniq -c 2702 0x0 1298 0x79 # swapoff -av swapoff /swap # for i in {1..1000}; do ./bad; done \ | cut -d: -f2 | sort | uniq -c 4000 0x79 Ceph/TCMalloc: ============= For documentation purposes, the use case driving the analysis/fix is Ceph on Ubuntu 18.04, as the TCMalloc library there still uses MADV_FREE to release unused memory to the system from the mmap'ed page heap (might be committed back/used again; it's not munmap'ed.) - PageHeap::DecommitSpan() -> TCMalloc_SystemRelease() -> madvise() - PageHeap::CommitSpan() -> TCMalloc_SystemCommit() -> do nothing. Note: TCMalloc switched back to MADV_DONTNEED a few commits after the release in Ubuntu 18.04 (google-perftools/gperftools 2.5), so the issue just 'disappeared' on Ceph on later Ubuntu releases but is still present in the kernel, and can be hit by other use cases. The observed issue seems to be the old Ceph bug #22464 [1], where checksum mismatches are observed (and instrumentation with buffer dumps shows zero-pages read from mmap'ed/MADV_FREE'd page ranges). The issue in Ceph was reasonably deemed a kernel bug (comment #50) and mostly worked around with a retry mechanism, but other parts of Ceph could still hit that (rocksdb). Anyway, it's less likely to be hit again as TCMalloc switched out of MADV_FREE by default. (Some kernel versions/reports from the Ceph bug, and relation with the MADV_FREE introduction/changes; TCMalloc versions not checked.) - 4.4 good - 4.5 (madv_free: introduction) - 4.9 bad - 4.10 good? maybe a swapless system - 4.12 (madv_free: no longer free instantly on swapless systems) - 4.13 bad [1] https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/22464 Thanks: ====== Several people contributed to analysis/discussions/tests/reproducers in the first stages when drilling down on ceph/tcmalloc/linux kernel: - Dan Hill - Dan Streetman - Dongdong Tao - Gavin Guo - Gerald Yang - Heitor Alves de Siqueira - Ioanna Alifieraki - Jay Vosburgh - Matthew Ruffell - Ponnuvel Palaniyappan Reviews, suggestions, corrections, comments: - Minchan Kim - Yu Zhao - Huang, Ying - John Hubbard - Christoph Hellwig [mfo@canonical.com: v4] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220209202659.183418-1-mfo@canonical.comLink: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131230255.789059-1-mfo@canonical.com Fixes: 802a3a92 ("mm: reclaim MADV_FREE pages") Signed-off-by:Mauricio Faria de Oliveira <mfo@canonical.com> Reviewed-by:
"Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com> Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Cc: Dan Hill <daniel.hill@canonical.com> Cc: Dan Streetman <dan.streetman@canonical.com> Cc: Dongdong Tao <dongdong.tao@canonical.com> Cc: Gavin Guo <gavin.guo@canonical.com> Cc: Gerald Yang <gerald.yang@canonical.com> Cc: Heitor Alves de Siqueira <halves@canonical.com> Cc: Ioanna Alifieraki <ioanna-maria.alifieraki@canonical.com> Cc: Jay Vosburgh <jay.vosburgh@canonical.com> Cc: Matthew Ruffell <matthew.ruffell@canonical.com> Cc: Ponnuvel Palaniyappan <ponnuvel.palaniyappan@canonical.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by:
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Anshuman Khandual authored
ARCH_HAS_FILTER_PGPROT config has duplicate definitions on platforms that subscribe it. Instead make it a generic config option which can be selected on applicable platforms when required. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1643004823-16441-1-git-send-email-anshuman.khandual@arm.comSigned-off-by:
Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Acked-by:
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by:
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Hugh Dickins authored
Revert 48ec833b ("Revert "mm/memory.c: share the i_mmap_rwsem"") to reinstate c8475d14 ("mm/memory.c: share the i_mmap_rwsem"): the unmap_mapping_range family of functions do the unmapping of user pages (ultimately via zap_page_range_single) without modifying the interval tree itself, and unmapping races are necessarily guarded by page table lock, thus the i_mmap_rwsem should be shared in unmap_mapping_pages() and unmap_mapping_folio(). Commit 48ec833b was intended as a short-term measure, allowing the other shared lock changes into 3.19 final, before investigating three trinity crashes, one of which had been bisected to commit c8475d14: [1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/14/342 https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/5466142C.60100@oracle.com/ [2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/12/22/213 https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/549832E2.8060609@oracle.com/ [3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/12/9/741 https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/5487ACC5.1010002@oracle.com/ Two of those were Bad page states: free_pages_prepare() found PG_mlocked still set - almost certain to have been fixed by 4.4 commit b87537d9 ("mm: rmap use pte lock not mmap_sem to set PageMlocked"). The NULL deref on rwsem in [2]: unclear, only happened once, not bisected to c8475d14. No change to the i_mmap_lock_write() around __unmap_hugepage_range_final() in unmap_single_vma(): IIRC that's a special usage, helping to serialize hugetlbfs page table sharing, not to be dabbled with lightly. No change to other uses of i_mmap_lock_write() by hugetlbfs. I am not aware of any significant gains from the concurrency allowed by this commit: it is submitted more to resolve an ancient misunderstanding. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/e4a5e356-6c87-47b2-3ce8-c2a95ae84e20@google.comSigned-off-by:
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Sasha Levin <sashal@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Signed-off-by:
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Hugh Dickins authored
filemap_unaccount_folio() has a WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_dirty(folio)). It is good to warn of late dirtying on a persistent filesystem, but late dirtying on tmpfs can only lose data which is expected to be thrown away; and it's a pity if that warning comes ONCE on tmpfs, then hides others which really matter. Make it conditional on mapping_cap_writeback(). Cleanup: then folio_account_cleaned() no longer needs to check that for itself, and so no longer needs to know the mapping. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/b5a1106c-7226-a5c6-ad41-ad4832cae1f@google.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's remove the stale logic that was required for reuse_swap_page(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplification, per Yang Shi] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-10-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Acked-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
All users are gone, let's remove it. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-9-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
All users are gone, let's remove it. We'll let SWP_STABLE_WRITES stick around for now, as it might come in handy in the near future. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-8-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
reuse_swap_page() currently indicates if we can write to an anon page without COW. A COW is required if the page is shared by multiple processes (either already mapped or via swap entries) or if there is concurrent writeback that cannot tolerate concurrent page modifications. However, in the context of khugepaged we're not actually going to write to a read-only mapped page, we'll copy the page content to our newly allocated THP and map that THP writable. All we have to make sure is that the read-only mapped page we're about to copy won't get reused by another process sharing the page, otherwise, page content would get modified. But that is already guaranteed via multiple mechanisms (e.g., holding a reference, holding the page lock, removing the rmap after copying the page). The swapcache handling was introduced in commit 10359213 ("mm: incorporate read-only pages into transparent huge pages") and it sounds like it merely wanted to mimic what do_swap_page() would do when trying to map a page obtained via the swapcache writable. As that logic is unnecessary, let's just remove it, removing the last user of reuse_swap_page(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-7-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com> Acked-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
We currently have a different COW logic for anon THP than we have for ordinary anon pages in do_wp_page(): the effect is that the issue reported in CVE-2020-29374 is currently still possible for anon THP: an unintended information leak from the parent to the child. Let's apply the same logic (page_count() == 1), with similar optimizations to remove additional references first as we really want to avoid PTE-mapping the THP and copying individual pages best we can. If we end up with a page that has page_count() != 1, we'll have to PTE-map the THP and fallback to do_wp_page(), which will always copy the page. Note that KSM does not apply to THP. I. Interaction with the swapcache and writeback While a THP is in the swapcache, the swapcache holds one reference on each subpage of the THP. So with PageSwapCache() set, we expect as many additional references as we have subpages. If we manage to remove the THP from the swapcache, all these references will be gone. Usually, a THP is not split when entered into the swapcache and stays a compound page. However, try_to_unmap() will PTE-map the THP and use PTE swap entries. There are no PMD swap entries for that purpose, consequently, we always only swapin subpages into PTEs. Removing a page from the swapcache can fail either when there are remaining swap entries (in which case COW is the right thing to do) or if the page is currently under writeback. Having a locked, R/O PMD-mapped THP that is in the swapcache seems to be possible only in corner cases, for example, if try_to_unmap() failed after adding the page to the swapcache. However, it's comparatively easy to handle. As we have to fully unmap a THP before starting writeback, and swapin is always done on the PTE level, we shouldn't find a R/O PMD-mapped THP in the swapcache that is under writeback. This should at least leave writeback out of the picture. II. Interaction with GUP references Having a R/O PMD-mapped THP with GUP references (i.e., R/O references) will result in PTE-mapping the THP on a write fault. Similar to ordinary anon pages, do_wp_page() will have to copy sub-pages and result in a disconnect between the GUP references and the pages actually mapped into the page tables. To improve the situation in the future, we'll need additional handling to mark anonymous pages as definitely exclusive to a single process, only allow GUP pins on exclusive anon pages, and disallow sharing of exclusive anon pages with GUP pins e.g., during fork(). III. Interaction with references from LRU pagevecs There is no need to try draining the (local) LRU pagevecs in case we would stumble over a !PageLRU() page: folio_add_lru() and friends will always flush the affected pagevec after adding a compound page to it immediately -- pagevec_add_and_need_flush() always returns "true" for them. Note that the LRU pagevecs will hold a reference on the compound page for a very short time, between adding the page to the pagevec and draining it immediately afterwards. IV. Interaction with speculative/temporary references Similar to ordinary anon pages, other speculative/temporary references on the THP, for example, from the pagecache or page migration code, will disallow exclusive reuse of the page. We'll have to PTE-map the THP. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-6-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Currently we have a different COW logic when: * triggering a read-fault to swapin first and then trigger a write-fault -> do_swap_page() + do_wp_page() * triggering a write-fault to swapin -> do_swap_page() + do_wp_page() only if we fail reuse in do_swap_page() The COW logic in do_swap_page() is different than our reuse logic in do_wp_page(). The COW logic in do_wp_page() -- page_count() == 1 -- makes currently sure that we certainly don't have a remaining reference, e.g., via GUP, on the target page we want to reuse: if there is any unexpected reference, we have to copy to avoid information leaks. As do_swap_page() behaves differently, in environments with swap enabled we can currently have an unintended information leak from the parent to the child, similar as known from CVE-2020-29374: 1. Parent writes to anonymous page -> Page is mapped writable and modified 2. Page is swapped out -> Page is unmapped and replaced by swap entry 3. fork() -> Swap entries are copied to child 4. Child pins page R/O -> Page is mapped R/O into child 5. Child unmaps page -> Child still holds GUP reference 6. Parent writes to page -> Page is reused in do_swap_page() -> Child can observe changes Exchanging 2. and 3. should have the same effect. Let's apply the same COW logic as in do_wp_page(), conditionally trying to remove the page from the swapcache after freeing the swap entry, however, before actually mapping our page. We can change the order now that we use try_to_free_swap(), which doesn't care about the mapcount, instead of reuse_swap_page(). To handle references from the LRU pagevecs, conditionally drain the local LRU pagevecs when required, however, don't consider the page_count() when deciding whether to drain to keep it simple for now. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-5-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
Let's make it clearer that KSM might only have to copy a page in case we have a page in the swapcache, not if we allocated a fresh page and bypassed the swapcache. While at it, add a comment why this is usually necessary and merge the two swapcache conditions. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment, per David] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-4-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
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David Hildenbrand authored
For example, if a page just got swapped in via a read fault, the LRU pagevecs might still hold a reference to the page. If we trigger a write fault on such a page, the additional reference from the LRU pagevecs will prohibit reusing the page. Let's conditionally drain the local LRU pagevecs when we stumble over a !PageLRU() page. We cannot easily drain remote LRU pagevecs and it might not be desirable performance-wise. Consequently, this will only avoid copying in some cases. Add a simple "page_count(page) > 3" check first but keep the "page_count(page) > 1 + PageSwapCache(page)" check in place, as we want to minimize cases where we remove a page from the swapcache but won't be able to reuse it, for example, because another process has it mapped R/O, to not affect reclaim. We cannot easily handle the following cases and we will always have to copy: (1) The page is referenced in the LRU pagevecs of other CPUs. We really would have to drain the LRU pagevecs of all CPUs -- most probably copying is much cheaper. (2) The page is already PageLRU() but is getting moved between LRU lists, for example, for activation (e.g., mark_page_accessed()), deactivation (MADV_COLD), or lazyfree (MADV_FREE). We'd have to drain mostly unconditionally, which might be bad performance-wise. Most probably this won't happen too often in practice. Note that there are other reasons why an anon page might temporarily not be PageLRU(): for example, compaction and migration have to isolate LRU pages from the LRU lists first (isolate_lru_page()), moving them to temporary local lists and clearing PageLRU() and holding an additional reference on the page. In that case, we'll always copy. This change seems to be fairly effective with the reproducer [1] shared by Nadav, as long as writeback is done synchronously, for example, using zram. However, with asynchronous writeback, we'll usually fail to free the swapcache because the page is still under writeback: something we cannot easily optimize for, and maybe it's not really relevant in practice. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0480D692-D9B2-429A-9A88-9BBA1331AC3A@gmail.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-3-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by: -
David Hildenbrand authored
Patch series "mm: COW fixes part 1: fix the COW security issue for THP and swap", v3. This series attempts to optimize and streamline the COW logic for ordinary anon pages and THP anon pages, fixing two remaining instances of CVE-2020-29374 in do_swap_page() and do_huge_pmd_wp_page(): information can leak from a parent process to a child process via anonymous pages shared during fork(). This issue, including other related COW issues, has been summarized in [2]: "1. Observing Memory Modifications of Private Pages From A Child Process Long story short: process-private memory might not be as private as you think once you fork(): successive modifications of private memory regions in the parent process can still be observed by the child process, for example, by smart use of vmsplice()+munmap(). The core problem is that pinning pages readable in a child process, such as done via the vmsplice system call, can result in a child process observing memory modifications done in the parent process the child is not supposed to observe. [1] contains an excellent summary and [2] contains further details. This issue was assigned CVE-2020-29374 [9]. For this to trigger, it's required to use a fork() without subsequent exec(), for example, as used under Android zygote. Without further details about an application that forks less-privileged child processes, one cannot really say what's actually affected and what's not -- see the details section the end of this mail for a short sshd/openssh analysis. While commit 17839856 ("gup: document and work around "COW can break either way" issue") fixed this issue and resulted in other problems (e.g., ptrace on pmem), commit 09854ba9 ("mm: do_wp_page() simplification") re-introduced part of the problem unfortunately. The original reproducer can be modified quite easily to use THP [3] and make the issue appear again on upstream kernels. I modified it to use hugetlb [4] and it triggers as well. The problem is certainly less severe with hugetlb than with THP; it merely highlights that we still have plenty of open holes we should be closing/fixing. Regarding vmsplice(), the only known workaround is to disallow the vmsplice() system call ... or disable THP and hugetlb. But who knows what else is affected (RDMA? O_DIRECT?) to achieve the same goal -- in the end, it's a more generic issue" This security issue was first reported by Jann Horn on 27 May 2020 and it currently affects anonymous pages during swapin, anonymous THP and hugetlb. This series tackles anonymous pages during swapin and anonymous THP: - do_swap_page() for handling COW on PTEs during swapin directly - do_huge_pmd_wp_page() for handling COW on PMD-mapped THP during write faults With this series, we'll apply the same COW logic we have in do_wp_page() to all swappable anon pages: don't reuse (map writable) the page in case there are additional references (page_count() != 1). All users of reuse_swap_page() are remove, and consequently reuse_swap_page() is removed. In general, we're struggling with the following COW-related issues: (1) "missed COW": we miss to copy on write and reuse the page (map it writable) although we must copy because there are pending references from another process to this page. The result is a security issue. (2) "wrong COW": we copy on write although we wouldn't have to and shouldn't: if there are valid GUP references, they will become out of sync with the pages mapped into the page table. We fail to detect that such a page can be reused safely, especially if never more than a single process mapped the page. The result is an intra process memory corruption. (3) "unnecessary COW": we copy on write although we wouldn't have to: performance degradation and temporary increases swap+memory consumption can be the result. While this series fixes (1) for swappable anon pages, it tries to reduce reported cases of (3) first as good and easy as possible to limit the impact when streamlining. The individual patches try to describe in which cases we will run into (3). This series certainly makes (2) worse for THP, because a THP will now get PTE-mapped on write faults if there are additional references, even if there was only ever a single process involved: once PTE-mapped, we'll copy each and every subpage and won't reuse any subpage as long as the underlying compound page wasn't split. I'm working on an approach to fix (2) and improve (3): PageAnonExclusive to mark anon pages that are exclusive to a single process, allow GUP pins only on such exclusive pages, and allow turning exclusive pages shared (clearing PageAnonExclusive) only if there are no GUP pins. Anon pages with PageAnonExclusive set never have to be copied during write faults, but eventually during fork() if they cannot be turned shared. The improved reuse logic in this series will essentially also be the logic to reset PageAnonExclusive. This work will certainly take a while, but I'm planning on sharing details before having code fully ready. #1-#5 can be applied independently of the rest. #6-#9 are mostly only cleanups related to reuse_swap_page(). Notes: * For now, I'll leave hugetlb code untouched: "unnecessary COW" might easily break existing setups because hugetlb pages are a scarce resource and we could just end up having to crash the application when we run out of hugetlb pages. We have to be very careful and the security aspect with hugetlb is most certainly less relevant than for unprivileged anon pages. * Instead of lru_add_drain() we might actually just drain the lru_add list or even just remove the single page of interest from the lru_add list. This would require a new helper function, and could be added if the conditional lru_add_drain() turn out to be a problem. * I extended the test case already included in [1] to also test for the newly found do_swap_page() case. I'll send that out separately once/if this part was merged. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20211217113049.23850-1-david@redhat.com [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/3ae33b08-d9ef-f846-56fb-645e3b9b4c66@redhat.com This patch (of 9): Liang Zhang reported [1] that the current COW logic in do_wp_page() is sub-optimal when it comes to swap+read fault+write fault of anonymous pages that have a single user, visible via a performance degradation in the redis benchmark. Something similar was previously reported [2] by Nadav with a simple reproducer. After we put an anon page into the swapcache and unmapped it from a single process, that process might read that page again and refault it read-only. If that process then writes to that page, the process is actually the exclusive user of the page, however, the COW logic in do_co_page() won't be able to reuse it due to the additional reference from the swapcache. Let's optimize for pages that have been added to the swapcache but only have an exclusive user. Try removing the swapcache reference if there is hope that we're the exclusive user. We will fail removing the swapcache reference in two scenarios: (1) There are additional swap entries referencing the page: copying instead of reusing is the right thing to do. (2) The page is under writeback: theoretically we might be able to reuse in some cases, however, we cannot remove the additional reference and will have to copy. Note that we'll only try removing the page from the swapcache when it's highly likely that we'll be the exclusive owner after removing the page from the swapache. As we're about to map that page writable and redirty it, that should not affect reclaim but is rather the right thing to do. Further, we might have additional references from the LRU pagevecs, which will force us to copy instead of being able to reuse. We'll try handling such references for some scenarios next. Concurrent writeback cannot be handled easily and we'll always have to copy. While at it, remove the superfluous page_mapcount() check: it's implicitly covered by the page_count() for ordinary anon pages. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220113140318.11117-1-zhangliang5@huawei.com [2] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/0480D692-D9B2-429A-9A88-9BBA1331AC3A@gmail.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220131162940.210846-2-david@redhat.comSigned-off-by:
Liang Zhang <zhangliang5@huawei.com> Reported-by:
Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Acked-by:
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Miaohe Lin authored
It's only used inside the huge_memory.c now. Don't export it and make it static. We can thus reduce the size of huge_memory.o a bit. Without this patch: text data bss dec hex filename 32319 2965 4 35288 89d8 mm/huge_memory.o With this patch: text data bss dec hex filename 32042 2957 4 35003 88bb mm/huge_memory.o Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220302082145.12028-1-linmiaohe@huawei.comSigned-off-by:
Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com> Reviewed-by:
Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by:
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Mike Kravetz authored
With MADV_DONTNEED support added to hugetlb mappings, mremap testing can also be enabled for hugetlb. Modify the tests to use madvise MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_REMOVE instead of fallocate hole puch for releasing hugetlb pages. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220215002348.128823-4-mike.kravetz@oracle.comSigned-off-by:
Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@linux.dev> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Mike Kravetz authored
Now that MADV_DONTNEED support for hugetlb is enabled, add corresponding tests. MADV_REMOVE has been enabled for some time, but no tests exist so add them as well. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220215002348.128823-3-mike.kravetz@oracle.comSigned-off-by:
Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Mina Almasry <almasrymina@google.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@linux.dev> Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Mike Kravetz authored
Patch series "Add hugetlb MADV_DONTNEED support", v3. Userfaultfd selftests for hugetlb does not perform UFFD_EVENT_REMAP testing. However, mremap support was recently added in commit 550a7d60 ("mm, hugepages: add mremap() support for hugepage backed vma"). While attempting to enable mremap support in the test, it was discovered that the mremap test indirectly depends on MADV_DONTNEED. madvise does not allow MADV_DONTNEED for hugetlb mappings. However, that is primarily due to the check in can_madv_lru_vma(). By simply removing the check and adding huge page alignment, MADV_DONTNEED can be made to work for hugetlb mappings. Do note that there is no compelling use case for adding this support. This was discussed in the RFC [1]. However, adding support makes sense as it is fairly trivial and brings hugetlb functionality more in line with 'normal' memory. After enabling support, add selftest for MADV_DONTNEED as well as MADV_REMOVE. Then update userfaultfd selftest. If new functionality is accepted, then madvise man page will be updated to indicate hugetlb is supported. It will also be updated to clarify what happens to the passed length argument. This patch (of 3): MADV_DONTNEED is currently disabled for hugetlb mappings. This certainly makes sense in shared file mappings as the pagecache maintains a reference to the page and it will never be freed. However, it could be useful to unmap and free pages in private mappings. In addition, userfaultfd minor fault users may be able to simplify code by using MADV_DONTNEED. The primary thing preventing MADV_DONTNEED from working on hugetlb mappings is a check in can_madv_lru_vma(). To allow support for hugetlb mappings create and use a new routine madvise_dontneed_free_valid_vma() that allows hugetlb mappings in this specific case. For normal mappings, madvise requires the start address be PAGE aligned and rounds up length to the next multiple of PAGE_SIZE. Do similarly for hugetlb mappings: require start address be huge page size aligned and round up length to the next multiple of huge page size. Use the new madvise_dontneed_free_valid_vma routine to check alignment and round up length/end. zap_page_range requires this alignment for hugetlb vmas otherwise we will hit BUGs. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220215002348.128823-1-mike.kravetz@oracle.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220215002348.128823-2-mike.kravetz@oracle.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
If LOCKDEP detects a bug while KASAN is printing a report and if panic_on_warn is set, KASAN will not be able to finish. Disable LOCKDEP while KASAN is printing a report. See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202115 for an example of the issue. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/c48a2a3288200b07e1788b77365c2f02784cfeb4.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
- Move kasan_save_enable/restore_multi_shot() declarations to mm/kasan/kasan.h, as there is no need for them to be visible outside of KASAN implementation. - Only define and export these functions when KASAN tests are enabled. - Move their definitions closer to other test-related code in report.c. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/6ba637333b78447f027d775f2d55ab1a40f63c99.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Move print_error_description()'s, report_suppressed()'s, and report_enabled()'s definitions to improve the logical order of function definitions in report.c. No functional changes. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/82aa926c411e00e76e97e645a551ede9ed0c5e79.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Currently, only kasan_report() checks the KASAN_BIT_REPORTED and KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT flags. Make other reporting routines check these flags as well. Also add explanatory comments. Note that the current->kasan_depth check is split out into report_suppressed() and only called for kasan_report(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/715e346b10b398e29ba1b425299dcd79e29d58ce.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Add a comment explaining why kasan_report() is the only reporting function that uses user_access_save/restore(). Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1201ca3c2be42c7bd077c53d2e46f4a51dd1476a.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Rename kasan_access_info to kasan_report_info, as the latter name better reflects the struct's purpose. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/158a4219a5d356901d017352558c989533a0782c.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Place kasan_report_async() next to the other main reporting routines. Also simplify printed information. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/52d942ef3ffd29bdfa225bbe8e327bc5bda7ab09.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Call print_report() in kasan_report_invalid_free() instead of calling printing functions directly. Compared to the existing implementation of kasan_report_invalid_free(), print_report() makes sure that the buggy address has metadata before printing it. The change requires adding a report type field into kasan_access_info and using it accordingly. kasan_report_async() is left as is, as using print_report() will only complicate the code. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/9ea6f0604c5d2e1fb28d93dc6c44232c1f8017fe.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Merge __kasan_report() into kasan_report(). The code is simple enough to be readable without the __kasan_report() helper. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/c8a125497ef82f7042b3795918dffb81a85a878e.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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Andrey Konovalov authored
Restructure kasan_report() to make reviewing the subsequent patches easier. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/ca28042889858b8cc4724d3d4378387f90d7a59d.1646237226.git.andreyknvl@google.comSigned-off-by:
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